The Placebo Effect
Dissolving the Expectancy Versus Conditioning Debate
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 5120876 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Steve Stewart‐william (0000-0001-8568-6846, Massey University), Steve Stewart-William, Steve Stewart-Williams, John Podd (Massey University) |
| Year | 2004 |
| Volume | 130 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 324-340 |
| Publication date | 2004-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0033-2909 • E-ISSN: 1939-1455 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0033-2909.130.2.324 |
| PMID | 14979775 |
| OpenAlex | W2151656499 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 59 |
| References cited | 93 |
The authors review the literature on the 2 main models of the placebo effect: expectancy theory and classical conditioning. A path is suggested to dissolving the theoretical impasse that has long plagued this issue. The key is to make a clear distinction between 2 questions: What factors shape placebo effects? and What learning mediates the placebo effect? The reviewed literature suggests that classical conditioning procedures are one shaping factor but that verbal information can also shape placebo effects. The literature also suggests that conditioning procedures and other sources of information sometimes shape conscious expectancies and that these expectancies mediate some placebo effects; however, in other cases conditioning procedures appear to shape placebo effects that are not mediated by conscious cognition
Classical conditioning · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Conditioning · Developmental psychology · Expectancy theory · Placebo · Statistics · Film in Education and Therapy · Medicine · Neuroscience · Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function · Pain Management and Placebo Effect · Psychology · Social Psychology
Understanding the placebo effect from an evolutionary perspective
Expectancy Effects Threaten the Inferential Validity of Synchrony-Prosociality Research
It Leaves a Bad Taste in Your Mouth
The Placebo Effect
Toward a Medicine of the Imagination
Evidence for the additive effects of dispositional negative mood regulation expectancies and placebo‐induced expectancies on mood recovery
Seek, and You Will Find
Leading the Herd Astray
The propositional nature of human associative learning
Placebo Effects of Marketing Actions
Placebo Manipulations Reverse Pain Potentiation by Unpleasant Affective Stimuli
Modeling Learning Patterns to Predict Placebo Analgesic Effects in Healthy and Chronic Orofacial Pain Participants
Classical Conditioning as a Distinct Mechanism of Placebo Effects
Development of an Instrument to Assess Expectations for the Use of Online Gaming, Social Networking Sites, and Online Pornography
Enacting the mind/body connection
Hope for Cure and the Placebo Effect
The Role of Subjective Expectations for Exhaustion and Recovery
The effect of charismatic leaders on followers’ memory, error detection, persuasion and prosocial behavior
Students’ psychophysiological reactivity to trigger warnings
Experimentally-manipulated perceptions of good sleep predict greater reactivity to and poorer recovery from a social stressor in university students
The placebo effect of human augmentation
Beyond expectations
Combatting the Misinformation Crisis
Contrasting expectancy effects with objective measures in adults with untreated ADHD during QbTest
Nocebo effects on motor performance
Can placebo and nocebo affect post‐exercise executive function
The development of an implicit measure of treatment expectations
The placebo effect
The placebo effect in reading performance
Neuropsychological Effects of Placebo Stimulants in College Students
A model of the hierarchy of behaviour, cognition, and consciousness
Provider Fatalism Reduces the Likelihood of HIV-Prevention Counseling in Primary Care Settings
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SSSR Presidential Address Rain Dances in the Dry Season
Knowledge of the aetiology and cost of the nocebo effect is increasing, but conceptualising expectancy and partialling out misattribution remain challenges
Tell your clients you might hurt them
Nocebo effects in health psychology
A systematic review of factors associated with side‐effect expectations from medical interventions
The Effects of Manipulating Expectations Through Placebo and Nocebo Administration on Gastric Tachyarrhythmia and Motion-Induced Nausea
The Effect of an Apparent Change to a Branded or Generic Medication on Drug Effectiveness and Side Effects
Sources of Placebo-Induced Relief From Nausea
“Maybe I Made Up the Whole Thing”
I Feel Like More of a Man”
Super Pill is Less Effective than an Ordinary Mint in Altering Subjective Psychological Feeling States within a Few Minutes
Placebo Psychotherapies and Nonconscious Learning in the Placebo Effect
Attempting to define placebos and their effects
If you, tourist, behave irrationally, I’ll find you
Es posible un abordaje fenomenológico del efecto placebo? Los alcances del esquema corporal en Merleau-Ponty
Performance Brand Placebos
The relativity of ‘placebos’
Revisiting the restorative effects of positive mood
Goal Activation, Expectations, and the Placebo Effect
Cultural Meanings and the Aggregation of Actions
Scientific tools, fake treatments, or triggers for psychological healing
Conditioning, Expectancy, and the Placebo Effect
Is It Still Working? Task Difficulty Promotes a Rapid Wear-Off Bias in Judgments of Pharmacological Products
Judging Product Effectiveness from Perceived Spatial Proximity
Changing the Future by Reshaping the Past
Medical anthropology and symbolic cure
Relation of cue to consequence in avoidance learning
Fears, phobias, and preparedness
Learned helplessness
On the generality of the laws of learning.
Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems
The conditioning theory of fearacquisition
The Interaction of Psychologic Stimuli and Pharmacologic Agents on Airway Reactivity in Asthmatic Subjects
Behaviorally Conditioned Immunosuppression
Motivation and expectancy factors in symptom perception
Influences of Suggestion on Airway Reactivity in Asthmatic Subjects
The logical consequences of the common-factor definition of the term placebo
The placebo
Response expectancy as a determinant of experience and behavior
Further Support for a Placebo Effect in the Rat
The S-S Construct of Expectancy Versus the S-R Construct of Fear
Pavlovian conditioning
Conditioned placebo responses
Drugs and placebos
Laboratory studies of behavior without awareness
Attitudes established by classical conditioning
The placebo effect
| Unique citing works | 59 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,68 |
| Citation span | 2004 - 2026 (23) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 52 |