Power Politics in Foreign Policy
The Influence of Bureaucratic Minorities
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6060469 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Juliet Kaarbo (0000-0002-3728-8437, University of Kansas, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1998 |
| Volume | 4 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 67-97 |
| Publication date | 1998-03-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | European Journal of International Relations (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1354-0661 • E-ISSN: 1460-3713 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/1354066198004001003 |
| OpenAlex | W1964998374 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 30 |
| References cited | 70 |
Scholars of foreign policy-making have concentrated on how the most powerful domestic actors influence foreign policy and have largely ignored the influence of less powerful, minority actors. This article argues that bureaucratic minorities — subordinates and less powerful departments — can and do influence foreign policy. Despite the extensive scholarship on bureaucratic politics and the central importance of `power' in the theory, we know little about the nature and effects of asymmetrical power relations. Drawing from various research, this article proposes that bureaucratic minorities can adopt strategies based on rewards and costs, manipulation of decision procedures, and information to bypass or exploit their status to influence policy. The choice and effectiveness of these strategies may depend on whether or not the actor is a vertical minority (a subordinate influencing a superior) or a horizontal minority (a representative from a less powerful department influencing other departments). Further investigations of the conditions under which minority players have influence can be part of a much needed revival of the bureaucratic politics perspective on foreign policy-making
Bureaucracy · Economics · Exploit · Foreign policy · Foreign policy analysis · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Positive economics · Power (physics) · Scholarship · Sociology · European Union Policy and Governance · International Relations and Foreign Policy · Law · Political Conflict and Governance · Public Administration
The Study of Agency in Africa–China Relations
The Logic of Policy Change after Crisis
Comparative Foreign Policy Analysis
Refugee Education Is Our Responsibility’
Turf Wars in Foreign Policy Bureaucracy
South Korea's Embrace of Good Donorship Norms
Bureaucratic politics and the allocation of climate finance
Ideas, Bureaucratic Politics, and the Crafting of Foreign Policy
The ‘Greening’ of German Foreign Policy in the Iraq Case
Análise de Política Externa e Política Externa Brasileira
Bureaucratic Politics and Aid Allocation
The Impact of Institutionalized Ideas in Coalition Foreign Policy Making
The Reluctant Peacekeeper
Limiting costs or correcting market failures? Finance ministries and frame alignment in UN climate finance negotiations
Foreign Policy Analysis and Globalization
Foreign Policy Analysis in the Twenty-First Century
Science, Empiricism, and Tolerance in the Study of Foreign Policymaking
People and Processes in Foreign Policymaking
Foreign Policy Analysis and Globalization
Crisis Studies and Foreign Policy Analysis
Foreign Policymaking and Group Dynamics
Bureaucratic Responses to Populist Government
Mid‐Level Officials as Policy Makers
Armies and Influence
Advisers and Aggregation in Foreign Policy Decision Making
Hawkish Biases and Group Decision Making
Constructing ethno-national differentiation on the set of the TV series, Fauda
Essence of excision
Institutional layering, displacement, and policy change
Greener than expected? EU finance ministries address climate finance
Groups, leadership and men
The social psychology of minority influence
The Common Defense
Opinions and Social Pressure
Consequences of influence tactics used with subordinates, peers, and the boss.
Influence tactics and objectives in upward, downward, and lateral influence attempts.
Essence of Decision
Presidential power
New directions in the study of foreign policy
Diplomacy, Force, and Leadership
Foreign Policy Analysis Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Bureaucratic Politics and National Security
Perception and Misperception in International Politics
Essence of decision
Perceptions and Behavior in Soviet Foreign Policy
Status, ideology, and integrative complexity on the U.S. Supreme Court
The New American Political System
Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House
Minority influence
Perspectives on Minority Influence
Theories of foreign policy
The Organizational Process and Bureaucratic Politics Paradigms
Social categorization in minority influence
On predicting minority influence
Influence of a Consistent Minority on the Responses of a Majority in a Color Perception Task
Creating the Perceptions of Consistency and Confidence
The Common Defense
Bureaucratic politics and American foreign policy
Are Bureaucracies Important? (Or Allison Wonderland)
Myths of Empire
Individual-group discontinuity
The Paradox of Weak State Power
Negotiations, image of the other and the process of minority influence
Norms and attitude change I
Developing a Systematic Decision-Making Framework
Framing the National Interest
Bureaucratic Politics
The Decision to Deploy the ABM
The Presidential Political Center and Foreign Policy
Political Cognition and Decision-Making
Psychology, Foreign Policy, and International Relations Theory
Political Applications of the Psychology of Interpersonal Influence and Social Power
The Personalities of Bush and Gorbachev Measured at a Distance
Presidents, Advisers, and Foreign Policy
The Interface Between Beliefs and Behavior
The foreign-policy consensus
Ethnocentrism in the Inter-Nation Simulation
Explaining Foreign Policy Behavior Using the Personal Characteristics of Political Leaders
Power and Influence in Foreign Policy Decision Making
Diplomacy and domestic politics
Dissolving the State
Roles and Reasons in Foreign Policy Decision Making
Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Volume 3
Foreign Policy Analysis
The Bureaucratic Politics Paradigm and the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Rethinking Allison's Models
Bureaucratic Foreign Policy-Making
Policy preferences and bureaucratic position
Logic, Politics and Foreign Policy Processes
Strategic Planning and the Political Process
Modeling the 1973 Soviet Decision to Support Egypt
The Case for Multiple Advocacy in Making Foreign Policy
The Irony of Vietnam
| Unique citing works | 30 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,15 |
| Citation span | 2000 - 2025 (26) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 29 |