Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Whatever does not kill us

Cumulative lifetime adversity, vulnerability, and resilience

Bibliographic Data

ID6197845
AuthorsMark D Seery (0000-0001-7368-2493, University at Buffalo, State University of New York), E Alison Holman (0000-0001-5076-8403, University of California, Irvine), Roxane Cohen Silver (0000-0002-4013-6792, University of California, Irvine)
Year2010
Volume99
Issue6
Pages1025-1041
Publication date2010-12-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1037/a0021344
PMID20939649
OpenAlexW2088042310
LanguageEN
Citations received208
References cited40

Exposure to adverse life events typically predicts subsequent negative effects on mental health and well-being, such that more adversity predicts worse outcomes. However, adverse experiences may also foster subsequent resilience, with resulting advantages for mental health and well-being. In a multiyear longitudinal study of a national sample, people with a history of some lifetime adversity reported better mental health and well-being outcomes than not only people with a high history of adversity but also than people with no history of adversity. Specifically, U-shaped quadratic relationships indicated that a history of some but nonzero lifetime adversity predicted relatively lower global distress, lower self-rated functional impairment, fewer posttraumatic stress symptoms, and higher life satisfaction over time. Furthermore, people with some prior lifetime adversity were the least affected by recent adverse events. These results suggest that, in moderation, whatever does not kill us may indeed make us stronger

Developmental psychology · Distress · Life satisfaction · Mental health · Moderation · Psychiatry · Psychological resilience · Vulnerability (computing) · Clinical Psychology · Optimism, Hope, and Well-being · Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research · Psychology · Resilience and Mental Health · Social Psychology

  • Cumulative lifetime adversity and depression among a national sample of U.S. Latinx immigrants

    Open Access•Daniel K Cooper, Rahel Bachem et al.•Journal of Latinx Psychology•2019

  • A qualitative investigation into the cultural master narrative for overcoming trauma and adversity in the United Kingdom

    Laura E R Blackie, Jade E V Colgan et al.•Qualitative Psychology•2023

  • Developmental Conditions of Adaptive Self-Stabilization in Adolescence

    Open Access•Werner Greve, Tamara Thomsen•International Journal of…•2013

  • The Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Risk-Taking Behaviors in Emerging Adults

    Open Access•Xiaoting Liu, Xiaoli Wang et al.•Emerging Adulthood•2022

  • Emotional resilience and event centrality mediate posttraumatic growth following adverse childhood experiences

    Heidi Tranter, Matthew Brooks et al.•Psychological Trauma Theory…•2020

  • Multiple trauma exposure and psychosocial functioning in Singaporean children in out-of-home care

    Denise Liu, Chi Meng Chu et al.•Psychological Trauma Theory…•2015

  • Cumulative burden of lifetime adversities

    Open Access•Hector F Myers, Gail E Wyatt et al.•Psychological Trauma Theory…•2015

  • Cumulative effects of the Gulf oil spill and other disasters on mental health among reproductive-aged women

    Open Access•Emily W Harville, Arti Shankar et al.•Psychological Trauma Theory…•2017

  • Fortitude in the Face of Adversity

    Open Access•Ashton E Munoz, Michelle E Pence•Journal of Child & Adolescent…•2016

  • Symptomatology of Children Exposed to Domestic Violence

    Open Access•Jeffrey N Wherry, Elizabeth A Medford et al.•Journal of Child & Adolescent…•2015

  • Influence de l’estime de soi, des qualités relationnelles parents-enfants, du soutien social et de l’agression sexuelle sur la résilience auprès d’adolescents autochtones et caucasiens

    François Muckle, Jeanne Dion et al.•First Peoples Child & Family…•2020

  • Associations between adverse childhood experiences and medical students’ interest in careers

    Open Access•Phillip C Yang, Barbara Robles-Ramamurthy et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2025

  • Examining the Complex (Curvilinear and Contingent) Associations between Social Distancing Compliance and Subjective Health during a Global Health Crisis

    Open Access•J H Jung, Kyung Won Choi et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Development and Validation of the Weighted Index for Childhood Adverse Conditions (Wicac)

    Open Access•Sofie Abildgaard Jacobsen, Bo Martin Bibby et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Past adversity protects against the numeracy bias in compassion

    Daniel Lim, David Desteno•Emotion•2019

  • Suffering and compassion

    Daniel Lim, David Desteno•Emotion•2016

  • Affective enhancement of working memory is maintained in depression

    Open Access•Susanne Schweizer, Lauren Navrady et al.•Emotion•2017

  • What time to adapt? The role of discretionary time in sustaining the climate change value–action gap

    Open Access•Andreas Chai, Graham L Bradley et al.•Ecological Economics•2015

  • The development of subjective well-being across the life span

    Open Access•Susanne Buecker, Maike Luhmann et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2023

  • In defense of commitment

    Open Access•Sandra L Murray, Veronica M Lamarche et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2017

  • Influence of indirect information on interpersonal trust despite direct information

    Pareezad Zarolia, Max Weisbuch et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2016

  • Hard-earned wisdom

    Nic M Weststrate, Judith Glück•Developmental Psychology•2017

  • Effects of cumulative trauma load on long-term trajectories of life satisfaction and health in a population-based study

    Open Access•Livia Sacchi, Mariia Merzhvynska et al.•BMC Public Health•2020

  • Perceived Discrimination, Coping Strategies, and Mexican Origin Adolescents' Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors

    Aerika S Brittian, Aerika Brittian Loyd et al.•Applied Developmental Science•2013

  • The Impact of Invalidating Emotional Experiences in Childhood on Forgiveness in Close Relationships

    Open Access•Paige A Leggett, Veronica M Lamarche et al.•Psychological Reports•2026

  • Personality Strengths

    Open Access•Laura A King, Jason Trent•Handbook of Psychology, Second…•2012

  • “Shift-and-Persist” Strategies

    Open Access•Edith Chen, Gale E Miller et al.•Perspectives on Psychological…•2012

  • A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience

    Open Access•Raffael Kalisch, Marianne B Müller et al.•Behavioral and Brain Sciences•2015

  • Understanding the Dual Nature of Ambivalence

    Naomi B Rothman, Michael G Pratt et al.•Academy of Management Annals•2017

  • Psychological Resilience

    Open Access•Allison S Troy, Emily C Willroth et al.•Annual Review of Psychology•2023

  • Post–traumatic Growth as Positive Personality Change

    Open Access•Eranda Jayawickreme, Laura E R Blackie•European Journal of Personality•2014

  • Challenge or threat? Cardiovascular indexes of resilience and vulnerability to potential stress in humans

    Open Access•Mark D Seery•Neuroscience & Biobehavioral…•2011

  • Media’s role in broadcasting acute stress following the Boston Marathon bombings

    Open Access•E Alison Holman, Dana Rose Garfin et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2014

  • Psychological Resilience

    Dawn Fletcher, David Fletcher et al.•European Psychologist•2013

  • More than a feeling

    Open Access•Elissa S Epel, Alexandra D Crosswell et al.•Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology•2018

  • Resilience in the Context of Chronic Stress and Health in Adults

    Open Access•Christine Dunkel Schetter, Christyn Dolbier et al.•Social and Personality Psychology…•2011

  • Child Development in the Context of Disaster, War, and Terrorism

    Ann S Masten, Angela J Narayan•Annual Review of Psychology•2012

  • Media exposure to mass violence events can fuel a cycle of distress

    Open Access•Rebecca R Thompson, Nickolas M Jones et al.•Science Advances•2019

  • A New Look at Social Support

    Open Access•Brooke C Feeney, Nancy L Collins•Personality and Social Psychology…•2015

  • Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Stress and Mental Health in College Students

    Open Access•Canan Karatekin•Stress and Health•2018

  • Resilience training in the workplace from 2003 to 2014

    Open Access•Ivan T Robertson, Cary L Cooper et al.•Journal of Occupational and…•2015

  • The role of climate change risk perception, response efficacy, and psychological adaptation in pro-environmental behavior

    Open Access•Graham L Bradley, Zakaria Babutsidze et al.•Journal of Environmental Psychology•2020

  • From catastrophe to culture

    Open Access•Meng Liu, Jun Wang et al.•Journal of Development Economics•2027

  • Tobit Transformed

    Helen Efthimiadis-Keith•Journal for Semitics•2017

  • Childhood Misfortune and Handgrip Strength Among Black, White, and Hispanic Americans

    Open Access•Natalie Smith, Natalie R Smith et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2016

  • Steeling or Sensitizing? A Longitudinal Examination of How Ongoing Accumulation of Negative Life Events Affects Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults

    Open Access•Almar A L Kok, J W R Twisk et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2021

  • Life Course Stressors and Functional Limitations in Later Life Among White, Black, and Hispanic Adults

    Open Access•Madison R Sauerteig-Rolston, Madison R Sauerteig et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2021

  • The Effect of Lifetime Cumulative Adversity and Depressive Symptoms on Functional Status

    Amit Shrira, Howard Litwin•The Journals of Gerontology…•2014

  • Lifetime Adversity in the Context of Monthly Adversity and Psychological Well-Being in Midlife

    Open Access•Frank J Infurna, Suniya S Luthar et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2021

  • Psychological and behavioral characteristics of overweight and obese Chinese college students with high stress

    Open Access•Jingyu Sun, Rongji Zhao et al.•BMC Psychology•2025

  • Effects Of Early Trauma and Recent Stressors on Depression, Anxiety, and Anger

    Open Access•Bum Joon Seok, Sehyun Jeon et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2020

  • Physical, mental and behavioral health indicators in relation to academic performance in European boys and girls

    Open Access•Q Lin, Monica Hunsberger et al.•BMC Public Health•2025

  • Heterogeneity of resilience and the curvilinear relationship between childhood trauma and resilience among people with schizophrenia

    Open Access•Weiliang Wang, Jun Zhang et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2023

  • Are Sexual Assaults Related to Functional Somatic Disorders? A Cross-Sectional Study

    Open Access•Sofie Abildgaard Jacobsen, Lisbeth Frostholm et al.•International Journal of…•2023

  • Examining the Complex Trauma Definition Using Children’s Self-Reports

    Open Access•Rachel Wamser‐Nanney•Journal of Child & Adolescent…•2016

  • Growing Resilience through Interaction with Nature

    Open Access•Melissa Marselle, Sara Warber et al.•International Journal of…•2019

  • The Impact of Newly Diagnosed Early Breast Cancer on Psychological Resilience, Distress Levels, and the Perception of Health

    Open Access•Anuška Budisavljević, Natalija Dedić Plavetić et al.•International Journal of…•2024

  • Psychosocial Adjustment in Ugandan Children

    Open Access•Robert Tuke, Alla Sikorskii et al.•New Directions for Child and…•2020

  • Does Cyberostracism Reduce Prosocial Behaviors? The Protective Role of Psychological Resilience

    Open Access•Linyu Shi, Hao Li et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Examining Grit as a Protective Factor Against the Cognitive and Emotional Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences

    Open Access•Shayla Nagle, Jessica I Fleck et al.•Journal of Child & Adolescent…•2026

  • The Role of Victim’s Resilience and Self-Esteem in Experiencing Internet Hate

    Open Access•Wiktoria Jdryczka, Wiktoria Jędryczka et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Does Adversity Make Us Wiser Than Before? Addressing a Foundational Question Through Interdisciplinary Engagement

    Open Access•Eranda Jayawickreme, Stephen R Grimm et al.•The Journal of Value Inquiry•2019

  • Antifragility and Growth Through Adversity

    Open Access•Nick Holton, Manuelle Cottin et al.•Psychological Reports•2026

  • Associations Between Parental Psychological Control and Covid-19 Pandemic-Related Negative Emotions

    Open Access•Xiaole Ma, Xingchao Wang et al.•Emerging Adulthood•2023

  • Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the 10-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-Risc) among adolescent mothers in Peru

    Open Access•Elizabeth J Levey, Marta B Rondon et al.•Journal of Child & Adolescent…•2019

  • Associations Between Complex Trauma Exposure in Childhood/Adolescence and Psychopathology in Older Age

    Open Access•Viviane Pfluger, Shauna L Rohner et al.•Journal of Child & Adolescent…•2021

  • Brief resilience scale (BRS) in a sample of Indian college students

    Open Access•SB Saha, Shagnik Saha et al.•BMC Psychology•2025

  • Modelling the Relationship Between Resilience to Depression and Recent Stressful Life Events in University Students

    Open Access•Maria Semkovska, Ciara Joyce et al.•Psychological Reports•2022

  • Severity of Adversity Predicts Lower Costly Helping

    Open Access•Virginia Tasulis, Daniel R Berry•Psychological Reports•2025

  • The impact of early adversity on later life health, lifestyle, and cognition

    Open Access•Morgane Künzi, Delia A Gheorghe et al.•BMC Public Health•2024

  • New norm values of the brief resilience scale (BRS) from the German general population with new post-Covid-19 data

    Open Access•Christoph Rösner, E Brähler et al.•BMC Psychology•2024

  • Childhood Trauma and Pregnancy Psychosocial Experiences of Women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

    D Fanfan, Alessia M Rosa et al.•Journal of Aggression,…•2026

  • Vulnerability in Health Trajectories

    Open Access•Stéphane Cullati, Claudine Burton-Jeangros et al.•Swiss Journal of Sociology•2018

  • Resiliencia

    Open Access•Renato D Alarcon•Mente y Cultura•2025

  • From pressure to proactivity

    Open Access•Jingyun Song, Qi Yue et al.•Frontiers in Education•2026

  • Increasing Stress Resilience in Difficult Times

    Open Access•Patrick R Steffen, Derek Bartlett•Policy Insights from the…•2022

  • Can countries shape the association between cumulative adversity and old-age health

    Open Access•Michal Levinsky•Frontiers in Public Health•2024

  • Effects of general and corona-specific stressors on mental burden during the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic in Germany

    Open Access•Lara Hubenschmid, Isabella Helmreich et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • Too much to learn, too little to move? The impact of course load on university students’ physical wellbeing

    Open Access•Hanwei Wu, Huarong Wu et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2026

  • Substantial increase in perceived benefits over harms of Covid-19 outbreak but persistent socioeconomic disparities

    Open Access•Hiu Tin Leung, Wei Jie Gong et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • Positive Cognitive Reappraisal in Stress Resilience, Mental Health, and Well-Being

    Open Access•Antje Riepenhausen, Carolin Wackerhagen et al.•Emotion Review•2022

  • Advancing the Study of Resilience to Daily Stressors

    Open Access•Anthony D Ong, Kate A Leger•Perspectives on Psychological…•2022

  • Clergy Resilience

    Open Access•Margaret Allison Clarke, Keith Walker et al.•Journal of Pastoral Care &…•2022

  • Fostering resilience and commitment among volunteers

    Open Access•Susan Schwarz, Gary Schwarz et al.•Public Management Review•2026

  • The role of early adverse experience and empathy in the prediction of pathological concern

    Open Access•Katherine J Siegler, Andrew F Luchner•Current Psychology•2024

  • Roaring with risk

    Open Access•Laura Seidel, Elizabeth Irene Cawley et al.•Current Psychology•2026

  • Challenge-hindrance stressors and cyberloafing

    Open Access•Bingping Zhou, Ye Li et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • The role of perceived negative childhood experiences in the context of recent stress

    Open Access•Milica Lazić, Veljko Jovanović et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • Measurement invariance of the CD-Risc-10 across gender, age, and education

    Open Access•Tina Kavčič, Gaja Zager Kocjan et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • "Covid-19 spreads round the planet, and so do paranoid thoughts". A qualitative investigation into personal experiences of psychosis during the Covid-19 pandemic

    Open Access•M Lyons, Ellen Bootes et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • Experiences of adult siblings of those with developmental coordination disorder (DCD)

    Open Access•Brendan Morris, Jane Ogden et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • A philosophical approach to improving empirical research on posttraumatic growth

    Open Access•Michael S Brady, Michael Brady et al.•Philosophical Psychology•2025

  • Exploring Heterogeneous Effects of Victimization on Changes in Fear of Crime

    Open Access•Florian Kaiser, Dietrich Oberwittler et al.•Justice Quarterly•2025

  • Keeping STEM in the game

    Open Access•Daniela Datzer, Stefan Razinskas et al.•Studies in Higher Education•2025

  • Association of early adversity, neuroticism, and depression with perceived severity ratings of stressful life event vignettes

    Elli Cole, Darha Ponder et al.•Cognition & Emotion•2025

  • A CEO’s Childhood Family Decline and Corporate Social Responsibility

    Open Access•Mengyu Cai, Nan Zhou•Journal of Business Ethics•2025

  • Does religiosity/spirituality promote positive well-being for middle-aged adults in the context of monthly adversity

    Open Access•Nutifafa Eugene Yaw Dey, Frank J Infurna et al.•International Journal of…•2025

  • Nursing Students' Grit and Psychological Capital After Crises

    David Terry, Daniel Terry et al.•Journal of Nursing Education•2025

  • The development and validation of the family coping expectations scale

    Payton Olivia Weinzapfel, P Schrodt•Communication Quarterly•2022

  • Biased Beliefs About White Releasees’ Sensitivity to Social Pain

    Open Access•Samantha R Pejic, Jason C Deska•Personality and Social Psychology…•2025

  • Overcoming the Odds

    Emmy E Werner, Emmy Ε Werner et al.•Overcoming the Odds•1992

  • Stress Burden and the Lifetime Incidence of Psychiatric Disorder inYoung Adults

    Open Access•R Jay Turner, Donald A Lloyd•Archives of General Psychiatry•2004

  • Relationship Between Multiple Forms of Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Mental Health in Community Respondents

    Valerie J Edwards, George W Holden et al.•American Journal of Psychiatry•2003

  • Resilience, competence, and coping

    Open Access•Michael Rutter•Child Abuse & Neglect•2007

  • Health complaints, stress, and distress

    David Watson, James W Pennebaker•Psychological Review•1989

  • Positive change following trauma and adversity

    Open Access•P Alex Linley, Stephen Joseph•Journal of Traumatic Stress•2004

  • The Effects of Stressful Life Events on Depression

    R C Kessler•Annual Review of Psychology•1997

  • Unemployment Alters the Set Point for Life Satisfaction

    Open Access•Richard E Lucas, Andrew E Clark et al.•Psychological Science•2004

  • Arousal and physiological toughness

    Richard A Dienstbier•Psychological Review•1989

  • The myths of coping with loss.

    Camille B Wortman, Roxane Cohen Silver•Journal of Consulting and…•1989

  • National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule

    Lee N Robins•Archives of General Psychiatry•1981

  • The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction

    Open Access•Maxia Dong, Robert F Anda et al.•Child Abuse & Neglect•2004

  • Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Community

    Naomi Breslau, R C Kessler et al.•Archives of General Psychiatry•1998

  • Implications of Resilience Concepts for Scientific Understanding

    Open Access•Michael Rutter•Annals of the New York Academy of…•2006

  • Stress, Positive Emotion, and Coping

    Open Access•Susan Folkman, Judith T Moskowitz•Current Directions in Psychological…•2000

  • Resilience in the Face of Adversity

    Open Access•Michael Rutter•The British Journal of Psychiatry•1985

  • Childhood Adversities and Adult Psychiatric Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication I

    Jennifer Green, Jennifer Greif Green et al.•Archives of General Psychiatry•2010

  • Nationwide Longitudinal Study of Psychological Responses to September 11

    Roxane Cohen Silver•JAMA•2002

  • Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults

    Open Access•Vincent J Felitti, Robert F Anda et al.•American Journal of Preventive…•1998

  • The Development of Coping Resources in Adulthood

    Open Access•Carolyn M Aldwin, Karen Sutton et al.•Journal of Personality•1996

  • Construing Benefits from Adversity

    Open Access•Glenn Affleck, Howard Tennen•Journal of Personality•1996

  • Impact of sexual abuse on children

    Kathleen Kendall–Tackett, Kathleen A Kendall-Tackett et al.•Psychological Bulletin•1993

  • Intimate Partner Violence as a Risk Factor for Mental Disorders

    Open Access•Jacqueline M Golding•Journal of Family Violence•1999

  • A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains

    Open Access•Samuel D Gosling, Peter J Rentfrow et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•2003

  • Resilience and Thriving

    Open Access•Charles S Carver•Journal of Social Issues•1998

  • Socioeconomic Status, Resources, Psychological Experiences, and Emotional Responses

    Linda Gallo, Laura M Bogart et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2005

  • Cumulative Adversity and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

    Donald A Lloyd, R Jay Turner•American Journal of Orthopsychiatry•2003

  • Child abuse and neglect

    Leroy H Pelton•American Journal of Orthopsychiatry•1978

  • Clarifying and Extending the Construct of Adult Resilience

    George A Bonanno•American Psychologist•2005

  • A contemporary learning theory perspective on the etiology of anxiety disorders

    Susan Mineka, Richard E Zinbarg et al.•American Psychologist•2006

  • Inventorying stressful life events as risk factors for psychopathology

    B P Dohrenwend•Psychological Bulletin•2006

  • Does repressive coping promote resilience? Affective-autonomic response discrepancy during bereavement

    Karin G Coifman, George A Bonanno et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2007

  • Long-term disability is associated with lasting changes in subjective well-being

    Richard E Lucas•Journal of Personality and Social…•2007

  • Resilience to Loss in Bereaved Spouses, Bereaved Parents, and Bereaved Gay Men

    George A Bonanno, Judith T Moskowitz et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2005

  • Does it really feel the same? Changes in life satisfaction following repeated life events

    Maike Luhmann, Michael Eid•Journal of Personality and Social…•2009

  • The impact of cumulative childhood adversity on young adult mental health

    Open Access•Elizabeth A Schilling, Robert H Aseltine et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2008

  • The development of anxiety

    Bruce F Chorpita, David H Barlow•Psychological Bulletin•1998

  • Lifetime Traumas and Mental Health

    R Jay Turner, Donald A Lloyd•Journal of Health and Social…•1995

Unique citing works208
Citations per year13,87
Citation span2011 - 2027 (17)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 186

Tools

Open DOISci-HubOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae