The evolution of intergroup bias
Perceptions and attitudes in rhesus macaques
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6200788 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Neha Mahajan (Yale University), Margaret A Martinez (0000-0002-6201-1974), M Anais Martinez (0000-0002-4529-1513, Yale University), Natashya L Gutierrez (Yale University), Gil Diesendruck (0000-0002-1352-7173, Bar-Ilan University), Mahzarin R Banaji (0000-0002-5941-7455, Harvard University), Laurie R Santos (0000-0003-4188-444X, Yale University) |
| Year | 2011 |
| Volume | 100 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 387-405 |
| Publication date | 2011-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/a0022459 |
| PMID | 21280966 |
| OpenAlex | W2123554657 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 20 |
| References cited | 61 |
Social psychologists have learned a great deal about the nature of intergroup conflict and the attitudinal and cognitive processes that enable it. Less is known about where these processes come from in the first place. In particular, do our strategies for dealing with other groups emerge in the absence of human-specific experiences? One profitable way to answer this question has involved administering tests that are conceptual equivalents of those used with adult humans in other species, thereby exploring the continuity or discontinuity of psychological processes. We examined intergroup preferences in a nonhuman species, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). We found the first evidence that a nonhuman species automatically distinguishes the faces of members of its own social group from those in other groups and displays greater vigilance toward outgroup members (Experiments 1-3). In addition, we observed that macaques spontaneously associate novel objects with specific social groups and display greater vigilance to objects associated with outgroup members (Experiments 4-5). Finally, we developed a looking time procedure-the Looking Time Implicit Association Test, which resembles the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald & Banaji, 1995)-and we discovered that macaques, like humans, automatically evaluate ingroup members positively and outgroup members negatively (Experiments 6-7). These field studies represent the first controlled experiments to examine the presence of intergroup attitudes in a nonhuman species. As such, these studies suggest that the architecture of the mind that enables the formation of these biases may be rooted in phylogenetically ancient mechanisms
Association (psychology) · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Developmental psychology · Implicit-association test · In-group favoritism · Ingroups and outgroups · Macaque · Outgroup · Perception · Social cognition · Social group · Social identity theory · Social perception · Cultural Differences and Values · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 20 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,33 |
| Citation span | 2011 - 2022 (12) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 16 |