Social Norms and Self-Presentation
Children's Implicit and Explicit Intergroup Attitudes
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 19601592 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Adam Rutland (0000-0002-4512-0976, University of Kent, corresponding author), Lindsey Cameron (0000-0003-1388-1970, University of Kent), Alan B Milne (University of Aberdeen), Alan Milne (University of Aberdeen), Peter McGeorge (0000-0003-3562-5003, University of Aberdeen) |
| Year | 2005 |
| Volume | 76 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 451-466 |
| Publication date | 2005-03-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Child Development (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0009-3920 • E-ISSN: 1467-8624 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00856.x |
| PMID | 15784093 |
| OpenAlex | W2162787889 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 120 |
| References cited | 76 |
Two studies examined whether social norms and children's concern for self-presentation affect their intergroup attitudes. Study 1 examined racial intergroup attitudes and normative beliefs among children aged 6 to 16 years (n=155). Accountability (i.e., public self-focus) was experimentally manipulated, and intergroup attitudes were assessed using explicit and implicit measures. Study 2 (n = 134) replicated Study 1, focusing on national intergroup attitudes. Both studies showed that children below 10 years old were externally motivated to inhibit their in-group bias under high public self-focus. Older children were internally motivated to suppress their bias as they showed implicit but not explicit bias. Study 1, in contrast to Study 2, showed that children with low norm internalization suppressed their out-group prejudice under high public self-focus
Developmental psychology · Norm (philosophy) · Normative · Prejudice (legal term) · Cultural Differences and Values · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Understanding medical trainees’ anti-fat dislike
Harmony and Discord
Using the IAT
Do Adolescents Intervene in Intergroup Bias‐based Bullying? Bystander Judgments and Responses to Intergroup Bias‐based Bullying of Refugees
Fighting stigma‐based bullying in primary school children
Navigating diversity
Contribuições da abordagem sócio-normativa para o estudo do preconceito racial na infância
Differential developmental courses of implicit and explicit biases for different other-race classes
Perceptual individuation training (but not mere exposure) reduces implicit racial bias in preschool children
Empathy trumps prejudice
Children’s helping behavior in an ethnic intergroup context
Evaluations of and reasoning about normative and deviant ingroup and outgroup members
Social identities and intergroup bias in immigrant and nonimmigrant children
Older but wilier
The loyal member effect
Group norms, intergroup resource allocation, and social reasoning among children and adolescents
Callous–unemotional traits moderate the association between children’s early moral understanding and aggression
Attributions of intentions and fairness judgments regarding interracial peer encounters
Learning (not) to talk about race
Test–retest reliability and predictive validity of the Implicit Association Test in children
Synthesizing a Special Issue on Parenting Adolescents in an Increasingly Diverse World
Evaluations of interracial peer encounters by majority and minority US children and adolescents
Automaticity in social-cognitive processes
A Stereotype Threat Account of Boys' Academic Underachievement
Multicultural Education and Inter-Ethnic Attitudes
Math–Gender Stereotypes in Elementary School Children
Direct and Extended Friendship Effects on Minority and Majority Children’s Interethnic Attitudes
What will the others think? In‐group norms as a mediator of the effects of intergroup contact
The development of implicit intergroup cognition
The greatest magic of H arry P otter
Differing Levels of Gender Salience in Preschool Classrooms
The Diversity Paradox
When Societal Norms and Social Identity Collide
Educational innovations for an inclusive learning environment
German Pre-service Teachers' Evaluations of and Reactions to Interethnic Social Exclusion Scenarios
Design principles for teacher collaboration fostering educational innovations and inclusion
When virtual makeovers become “real”
Evaluación del impacto de un programa de mujeres y ciencia en el alumnado de Educación Infantil
Effects of intergroup contact norms and school climate on youth self-reported outgroup prosocial behaviour in school
Do immigrants ever oppose immigration
Children's judgments on the acceptability of prejudice
Self-Reported Moral Emotions and Physical and Relational Aggression in Early Childhood
The development of cooperation and cooperative norm enforcement in children and adolescents
The developmental trajectories of racial categorization and explicit racial biases in Singapore
Fair-Weather or Foul-Weather Friends? Group Identification and Children’s Responses to Bullying
The Vicious Cycle of Economic Inequality
Effects of Conflict in Tween Sitcoms on US Students' Moral Reasoning About Social Exclusion
Preventing Prejudice Emerging from Misleading News among Adolescents
Childhood Experiences and Intergroup Biases among Children
A Developmental Science Approach to Reducing Prejudice and Social Exclusion
Explicit and implicit attitudes of Scottish and Maltese children to national identity
Reducing implicit prejudice towards migrants in fifth grade pupils
The classroom social environment in mixed secondary school classes
Changing students’ explicit and implicit attitudes toward peers with disabilities
How do others think about my group? Adolescents’ meta-stereotypes about Turkish- and German-origin students’ subject-related German and general school competence
The imaginary friends of my friends
Improving implicit and explicit intergroup attitudes using imagined contact
Social Identity on a National Scale
The rich—love them or hate them? Divergent implicit and explicit attitudes toward the wealthy
When and why does extended contact work
Using implicit measures to explore children’s intergroup attitudes
Young children's moral evaluations of inclusion and exclusion in play in ethnic and aggressive stereotypic peer contexts
When to intervene and take a stand
It's Just a Lot of Work”
Unraveling the Source of African American Children's Positively Biased Perceptions of Peer Acceptance
Effects of Group Norms on Children's Intentions to Bully
Intergroup Evaluations and Norms about Learning Ability
The power of the lens
Locals don't have accents
Accent the positive
Social-Developmental Perspective on Intergroup Attitudes towards Immigrants and Refugees in Childhood and Adolescence
Balancing the Fair Treatment of Others while Preserving Group Identity and Autonomy
Elementary school students’ motivations for responding without prejudice
Promoting intergroup inclusion through literary discussions in fourth and fifth grades
Automatic prejudice in childhood and early adolescence
The evolution of intergroup bias
A New Social-Cognitive Developmental Perspective on Prejudice
Meritocracy, Self-Concerns, and Whites' Denial of Racial Inequity
Children and social groups
Cross-ethnic friendships
Religious Discrimination in Childhood and Adolescence
Consequences of “Minimal” Group Affiliations in Children
Changing Children's Intergroup Attitudes Toward Refugees
Priming as a way of understanding children’s mental representations of the social world
Development of prejudice against immigrants and ethnic minorities in adolescence
A systematic review of modern measures for capturing children’s ethnic and racial attitudes, stereotypes, and discrimination
Young White children’s allocation and punishment behaviors toward White and Black peers
Acculturation, well-being and classroom behaviour among white British and British Asian primary-school children in the south–east of England
Unresolved problems with the “I”, the “A”, and the “T”
Children’s meta-perceptions about the out-group and their association with intergroup attitudes
How group diversity shapes sustainable tourist behavior
The visual analogue scale as a child-friendly measure of the unhealthy = tasty intuition
Reliving self-presentational concerns in rural tourism
In-group favouritism and out-group derogation towards national groups
Why should I?”
Ingroup norms, intergroup contact and intergroup anxiety as predictors of the outgroup attitudes of majority and minority youth
Threat mediates the effect of perceived anti-prejudice social norms on adolescents’ preferences for immigrants’ acculturation
Multiculturalism in the classroom
Social group norms, school norms, and children's aggressive intentions
Group membership, group norms, empathy, and young children's intentions to aggress
The psychology of social norms.
Conceptions of Personal Issues
The Effect of Social Norm Activation on the Expression of Opinions Concerning Gay Men and Blacks
Preschool Children's Conceptions of Moral and Social Rules
Taking a Look Underground
Children's developmental understanding of ethnicity and race
Social Identity and the Development of Children's Group Attitudes
Children's Lay Theories About Ingroups and Outgroups
A children's social desirability questionnaire.
Social identity processes and children’s ethnic prejudice
Social Categorization and the Formation of Intergroup Attitudes in Children
Studies of independence and conformity
Public and private self-consciousness
Preschool Racial Attitude Measure II
Implicit Attitude Measures
Children's Social Reasoning about Inclusion and Exclusion in Gender and Race Peer Group Contexts
Positive–Negative Asymmetry in Social Discrimination
Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults
Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults
Voluntary Controllability of the Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Self-Consciousness and Social Identity
Strength of identification and intergroup differentiation
The Use of Multicultural Curricula and Materials to Counter Racism in Children
Television and Prejudice Reduction
Variability in automatic activation as an unobstrusive measure of racial attitudes
Young children's evaluations of exclusion in gender-stereotypic peer contexts
Perceptual concommitants of racial attitudes in urban grade-school children
The relationship between racial attitudes and social-cognitive development in children
Gender, ethnic, and body type biases
Children's subjective identification with the group and in-group favoritism
The development of Israeli children's images of Jews and Arabs and their expression in human figure drawings
Opinion change and performance facilitation as a result of objective self-awareness
Ethnic identity and preferences among Asian immigrant children in Glasgow
A model of ethnic perspective-taking ability applied to Mexican-American children and youth
Role of Perspective-Taking Abilities and Ethnic Socialization in Development of Adolescent Ethnic Identity
Self-regulation of prejudiced responses
Personality and sociocultural factors in intergroup attitudes
Prejudice
Compliance, identification, and internalization three processes of attitude change
Social norms and the expression and suppression of prejudice
Self-directed versus other-directed affect as a consequence of prejudice-related discrepancies
Saying no to unwanted thoughts
Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice
Intergroup Bias
The Psychology of Prejudice
In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation
Developmental Patterns in the Flexibility of Children's Ethnic Attitudes
| Unique citing works | 120 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 6 |
| Citation span | 2006 - 2026 (21) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 100 |