Risk taking by individuals and groups
An assessment of research employing choice dilemmas
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6201866 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Dorwin Cartwright (Institute for Social Research, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1971 |
| Volume | 20 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 361-378 |
| Publication date | 1971-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/h0031912 |
| OpenAlex | W2157447632 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 93 |
| References cited | 44 |
Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence · Psychology · Public Relations and Crisis Communication · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Models of coalition behavior
Risk propensity differences between entrepreneurs and managers
Collective Risk Taking in Adolescents and Young Adults
Meta-Analysis and Science
Group Discussion and Judgment
From Individuals to Group Members
Choice shift and group polarization
Attitude polarization
The group polarization phenomenon
Risk taking through the adult life span
Risky and cautious decision shifts in small groups
Group Choices in a Simulated Management Game
The Effects of Group Size and Discussion Time on the Risky Shift
A Computer Simulation of Group Risky Shift for Teaching Undergraduate Research Methods
The Effects of Experimentally Induced Illusions of Invulnerability and Vulnerability on Decisional Risk Taking in Triads
Two types of role playing
On the Use of Alternative Interpretations in Contemporary Social Psychology
"Crowd Behavior as "Risky Shift
Blackjack and the Risky Shift
An Evaluation of the Choice Dilemma Questionnaire as a Measure of Risk-Taking Propensity
Dichotomous Choices on Life-Dilemma Problems, Subjective Expected Utility, and the Group Shift Effect
The Effects of Group Decisions and Group-Shifts on Use of the Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic
Effects of Type of Payoff and Instructions on Individual Risk-Taking Behavior
Enhancement of Dominant Risk Tendencies in Group Discussion
An Exploratory Analysis of Effect of Sex on Shift in Choices
Decisions about Drug Use
Effects of Skewness of Initial Choices on the Risky Shift
Risk in Decision Making across College Students' Major Fields
Paradigms, labels, and historical analysis
Conservatism in Judgment
Majority Influence Process in Group Judgment
Executive Team Demography and Retention
Testing persuasive argument theory's predictor model
A comparison of normative and interactional explanations of group decision‐making
A nonsexist look at the shift to risk
Relevance of the Rationalist/Constructivist/Relativist Controversy for the "Validation" of Scientific Knowledge-Claims
Is risk propensity unique from the big five factors of personality? A meta-analytic investigation
The effect of normative models on individual and group choice
Judgements of values and group polarization
Group polarization and choice‐dilemmas
Two studies on polarization
Experimentation in social psychology
Polarization as a function of meaning and consequences
The effects of proportion, strength and value orientation of arguments on decision‐making
Intragroup effects on intergroup negotiation
Individual risk taking for self and others
Novel argumentation and attitude change
The vicissitudes of attitudes and similar representational constructs in twentieth century psychology
The risky shift in policy decision making
Social decision schemes under risk
The generosity shift
The mandate phenomenon
The group risky-shift effect as a function of emotional bonds, actual consequences, and extent of responsibility
Effects of group discussion on category width judgments
Another Look at the Conformity Explanation of Group-Induced Shifts in Choice
Sequence effects on choice shifts involving risk
Group caution at the race track
Blackjack and the risky shift, II
What a person thinks upon learning he has chosen differently from others
Group discussion and prediscussion assessment of preferences in the risky shift
What do differences between own, admired, and attributed choices have to do with group induced shifts in choice
Group shift to caution at the race track
Risky Shift and Cautious Shift
The Nixon Group 1
Smoking as a subjectively rational choice
Effects of partially shared persuasive arguments on group-induced shifts
Towards a theory of collective phenomena
Factors limiting the generality of the risky‐shift phenomenon
Psychological Reductionism, Methodological Individualism, and Large-Scale Problems
Interpersonal comparison versus persuasive argumentation
A decision-making analysis of persuasive argumentation and the choice-shift effect
Studies in group decision I
Groupthink
Effect of pretesting on measures of individual risk preferences
Group position as a function of member attitudes
Theoretical Foundations for Centrality Measures
Realism and Risk Taking
Group decision and social interaction
A pluralistic explanation of choice shifts on the risk dimension
Testing two classes of theories about group induced shifts in individual choice
Studies in group decision II
Conformity and Norm Formation in Small Groups
An Empirical Investigation of the Groupthink Phenomenon
Framing the National Interest
Bargaining Processes and Coalition Outcomes
Pulling Closer and Moving Apart
Choice Shift and Group Polarization
Decision-Making Perspectives from Psychology
The Process of Political Decision-Making in Groups
Microanalytic Approaches to Political Decision-Making
Peer Group Influence
Collective Behavior as Group-Induced Shift
The intellectual adolescence of organizational justice
Discussion Effects on Racial Attitudes
A formal theory of social power.
Why do Groups Make Riskier Decisions Than Individuals
Group composition effects on risk taking 1
Effects of Group Membership on Risk-Taking Behavior
Risky shifts, cautious shifts, and group polarization
Level of Risk Selected by Individuals and Groups When Deciding for Self and for Others
Group Risk Taking in Professional Decisions
The Role of Social Norms and Leadership in Risk-Taking
Cohesiveness and social responsibility as determinants of group risk taking
Will an observer advise higher risk taking after hearing a discussion of the decision problem
Risk-as-value hypothesis
Effects of familiarization and group discussion upon risk taking
Effect of the pretest in the risky-shift paradigm
Distribution of initial risk levels and group decisions involving risk
Expression of "Walter Mitty-ness" in actual behavior
Effects of Norm-oriented Group Discussion on Individual Verbal Risk Taking and Conservatism
Group risk-taking in a two-choice situation
Familiarization, group discussion, and risk taking
Individual and group risk-taking in a two-choice situation
Risky and cautious shifts in group decisions
The roles of information, discussion, and consensus in group risk taking
Components of group risk taking
Risky-shift phenomenon in small decision-making groups
Leadership and group decisions involving risk
Publicity of initial decisions and the risky shift phenomenon
A reexamination of the familiarization hypothesis in group risk taking
The risky shift in group betting
Risk and conservatism in group decision-making
Effects of group discussion on estimates of culturally appropriate risk levels
Information versus conformity in the effects of group discussion on risk taking
An analysis of the familiarization explanation of the risky-shift
Pessimism-optimism and risk taking in individual and group contexts
Intergroup relations and polarization of individual and collective judgments
Effects of familiarization and knowledge of others' odds choices on shifts to risk and caution
Risky shift is eminently rational
The group as a polarizer of attitudes
Cognitive and affective processes influencing risk taking in groups
Group decision making under risk of aversive consequences
Is risk a value
A social comparison of abilities interpretation of risk-taking behavior
Interpersonal decision making
Group induced shift toward risk
Group influence on individual risk taking
| Unique citing works | 93 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,72 |
| Citation span | 1972 - 2026 (55) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 92 |