Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Attachment style and the mental representation of the self

Bibliographic Data

ID6202763
AuthorsMario Mikulincer (0000-0003-3639-0146, Bar-Ilan University, corresponding author)
Year1995
Volume69
Issue6
Pages1203-1215
Publication date1995-12-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1037/0022-3514.69.6.1203
OpenAlexW2072547429
LanguageEN
Citations received101
References cited26

Six studies examined the association between attachment style and several aspects of the mental representation of the self in adolescents. Studies 1 and 2 focused on the hedonic tone of the self-structure, Studies 3 and 4 focused on its complexity, and Studies 5 and 6 focused on discrepancies between domains and standpoints of the self. Results indicated that secure and avoidant persons had a more positive view of themselves than anxious-ambivalent persons. In addition, secure persons were found to have a more balanced, complex, and coherent self-structure than insecure persons, either avoidant or anxious-ambivalent. The discussion emphasizes the connection between the in-ternalization of attachment experiences and the construction of the self. Research on adult attachment uses Bowlby's (1973) con-struct of working models—mental representations of attach-ment figures and the self—to explain how past interactions with significant others influence social and emotional develop-ment. Initial studies of adult attachment focused on the way people think about and behave in their relationships (e.g., Ha-zan & Shaver, 1987). The present series of studies focuses on a neglected aspect of attachment working models: the mental representation of the self

Attachment theory · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Mental representation · Politics · Representation (politics) · Style (visual arts) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development · Family Dynamics and Relationships · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Changes in the sexual self-schema of women with a history of childhood sexual abuse following expressive writing treatment

    Open Access•Carey S Pulverman, Ryan L Boyd et al.•Psychological Trauma Theory…•2016

  • Sexual Self-Concept Differentiation

    Open Access•Alexandru Mateizer, Andra Cătălina Roșca et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Coach–Athlete Attachment and the Subjective Well-Being of Athletes

    Open Access•Jiaxi Peng, Jiaxi Zhang et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Maternal caregiving, prosocial behavior, and self‐esteem in middle childhood

    Open Access•Brianne R Coulombe, Tuppett M Yates•Social Development•2021

  • Infidelity and Attachment

    Open Access•M L Parker, Kelly Campbell•Contemporary Family Therapy•2017

  • Auto-conceito e representações da vinculação no período pré-escolar

    Open Access•Joana Maia, Bruno Ferreira et al.•Análise Psicológica•2012

  • Probing the relationship between selfobject needs and adult attachment orientations

    Frederick G Lopez, Kevin J Siffert et al.•Psychoanalytic Psychology•2013

  • The renunciation of love

    Mary E Connors•Psychoanalytic Psychology•1997

  • Cultural norm fulfillment, interpersonal belonging, or getting ahead? A large-scale cross-cultural test of three perspectives on the function of self-esteem

    Jochen E Gebauer, Constantine Sedikides et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2015

  • Integrating Implicit Leadership Theories, Leader–Member Exchange, Self-Efficacy, and Attachment Theory to Predict Job Performance

    Open Access•Alireza Khorakian, Mohammad Sadegh Sharifirad•Psychological Reports•2018

  • Parent–Youth Attachment Insecurity and Informant Discrepancies of Intrafamilial Aggression

    Open Access•Emily M Thornton, Sebastian P Dys et al.•Child Psychiatry & Human…•2024

  • A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience

    Open Access•Raffael Kalisch, Marianne B Müller et al.•Behavioral and Brain Sciences•2015

  • Working Models of Attachment and Attribution Processes in Intimate Relationships

    Open Access•Nancy L Collins, Máire B Ford et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2006

  • Attachment and Autonomy During Adolescence

    Open Access•Kathleen Boykin McElhaney, Joseph P Allen et al.•Handbook of Adolescent Psychology•2009

  • The Internal Working Models Concept

    Open Access•Paula R Pietromonaco, Lisa Feldman Barrett•Review of General Psychology•2000

  • Boosting Attachment Security to Promote Mental Health, Prosocial Values, and Inter-Group Tolerance

    Mario Mikulincer, P R Shaver•Psychological Inquiry•2007

  • Contingencies of self-worth.

    Jennifer Crocker, Connie T Wolfe et al.•Psychological Review•2001

  • Working Models of Attachment, Support Giving, and Support Seeking in a Stressful Situation

    Open Access•Jeffry A Simpson, W Steven Rholes et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2002

  • Attachment Theory and Affect Regulation

    Open Access•Mario Mikulincer, P R Shaver et al.•Motivation and Emotion•2003

  • Dynamic processes underlying adult attachment organization

    Frederick G Lopez, Kelly A Brennan•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2000

  • The relational self

    Susan M Andersen, Serena Chen•Psychological Review•2002

  • The Attachment Behavioral System In Adulthood

    Mario Mikulincer, P R Shaver•Advances in Experimental Social…•2003

  • Attachment and Individuation of Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing and Hearing Young Adults

    A Weisel•The Journal of Deaf Studies and…•2005

  • Does It Run in the Family? How Family Background Affects Attachment Styles for Students in Higher Education

    Open Access•Bent Egberg Mikkelsen, Annette Quinto Romani et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Meaning Through Attachment

    Open Access•Laura Dewitte, Pehr Granqvist et al.•Psychological Reports•2018

  • Attachment style and post-bariatric surgery health behaviours

    Open Access•Johanna Eveliina Pyykkö, Chris Hinnen et al.•BMC Psychology•2023

  • The Child in the Family of a Drug-Using Father

    Ricky Finzi-Dottan, Orna Cohen et al.•Journal of Social Work Practice…•2006

  • Could an evaluative conditioning intervention ameliorate paranoid beliefs? Self-reported and neurophysiological evidence from a brief intervention focused on improving self-esteem

    Open Access•Almudena Trucharte, Valiente Carmen et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2024

  • Trauma and Coping Strategies in Police Officers

    Open Access•Cristina Civilotti, Giulia Di Fini et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Attachment and family functioning across three generations

    Open Access•Helena Smrtnik Vitulić, David Gosar et al.•Family Process•2023

  • Navigating Maternal Technoference

    Open Access•Maria Saeed, Rabia Ali•The Family Journal•2025

  • Factors associated with psychological distress following romantic relationship dissolutions and the role of attachment

    Open Access•Alberta S J Van Der Watt, M Kidd et al.•Current Psychology•2025

  • Cherishing

    Open Access•Pratishtha Bhattacharyya, Rabindra Kumar Pradhan•Current Psychology•2023

  • Unhappy us, unhappy me, unhappy life

    Open Access•William W Chen, Wei-Wen Chen et al.•Current Psychology•2022

  • Attachment style and prolonged singlehood in the ultra-Orthodox community in Israel

    Open Access•Avraham Yacovson, Eran Shadach et al.•Current Psychology•2022

  • Age‐varying associations of parent‐adolescent relationship and school connectedness with adolescent self‐compassion

    Open Access•Yujia Peng, Mengya Xia et al.•Journal of Adolescence•2024

  • The association between attachment orientations and empathy

    Open Access•Ayşe I Kural, Monika Kovács•Acta Psychologica•2022

  • Uncovering the link between attachment and interpersonal objectification

    Open Access•Emrullah Ecer, Giuseppe Raguso et al.•Acta Psychologica•2026

  • Youth exposure to security threats in Israel

    Yifat Ben-David, Shlomo Romi•Israel Affairs•2018

  • The impact of initial experience and user attachment on application downloads

    Open Access•Jungmin Son•Internet Research•2017

  • Integrating attachment style, vigor at work, and extra‐role performance

    Open Access•Laura M Little, Debra L Nelson et al.•Journal of Organizational Behavior•2010

  • Secure attachment

    Open Access•Bret L Simmons, Janaki Gooty et al.•Journal of Organizational Behavior•2009

  • Death, love, and evolution

    Matteo Zuccala, Maree J Abbott et al.•Death Studies•2025

  • The Impact of Premature Birth on Fear of Personal Death and Attachment Styles in Adolescence

    Ofra Lubetzky, Itzhak Gilat•Death Studies•2002

  • Family Relationships as Moderators of the Association between Romantic Relationships and Adjustment in Early Adolescence

    Open Access•Anna Beth Doyle, Mara Brendgen et al.•The Journal of Early Adolescence•2003

  • Self-hate

    Francesco Gazzillo, David Kealy•International Forum of…•2025

  • Toward an Etiology of Dissociative Identity Disorder

    Open Access•Kelly A Forrest, Kelly Forrest•Consciousness and Cognition•2001

  • Looking perfect

    Ali Al-Kandari, Ali A Al-Kandari et al.•Journal of International and…•2017

  • Terror management and adults' attachment to their parents

    Cathy R Cox, Jamie Arndt et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2008

  • When accuracy hurts

    Jeffry A Simpson, William Ickes et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1999

  • Airport separations

    R Chris Fraley, P R Shaver•Journal of Personality and Social…•1998

  • Attachment working models and cognitive openness in close relationships

    Mario Mikulincer, Daphna Arad•Journal of Personality and Social…•1999

  • Friends with benefits

    Allen R Mcconnell, Christina M Brown et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2011

  • What’s inside the minds of securely and insecurely attached people? The secure-base script and its associations with attachment-style dimensions

    Mario Mikulincer, P R Shaver et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2009

  • Attachment, Working Models of Self and Others, and God Concept in Kindergarten

    Open Access•Simone A De Roo, S A de Roos et al.•Journal for the Scientific Study…•2001

  • Attachment working models and the sense of trust

    Mario Mikulincer•Journal of Personality and Social…•1998

  • Storied across time

    Alexander E Wong, Shrija Dirghangi et al.•Self and Identity•2020

  • Social connection and social networking

    Julie Longua Peterson, Beth Giguere et al.•Self and Identity•2016

  • Are the Traits we Prefer in Potential Mates the Traits they Value in Themselves? An Analysis of Sex Differences in the Self-concept

    L Campbell, Christopher J Wilbur•Self and Identity•2009

  • Attachment theory and the relational self

    Omri Gillath, Niva Manchanda et al.•Self and Identity•2025

  • Continuing Bonds in Marriage, Death and Divorce

    Open Access•Simon Shimshon Rubin, Alexander Manevich et al.•OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying•2024

  • Adult Attachment and Transgender Identity in the Italian Context

    Anna Lisa Amodeo, Roberto Vitelli et al.•International Journal of…•2015

  • Building life satisfaction through attachment to mother and beliefs about the world

    Miranda Chi Kuan Mak, Yvonne M Y Han et al.•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2011

  • Adolescents in Divorced Families

    Idit Finkelstein, Tsfira Grebelsky-Lichtman•Journal of Divorce & Remarriage•2022

  • "Selfobject" Needs in Kohut's Self Psychology

    Erez Banai, Mario Mikulincer et al.•Psychoanalytic Psychology•2005

  • Emotional Responses to a Romantic Partner's Imaginary Rejection

    Open Access•Avi Besser, Beatriz Priel•Journal of Personality•2009

  • Mood and Recall of Autobiographical Memory

    Open Access•Michiko Sakaki•Journal of Personality•2007

  • Emotion Regulation and Coping Strategies in Pedagogical Students with Different Attachment Styles

    Open Access•Simona Prosen, Helena Smrtnik Vitulić•Japanese Psychological Research•2016

  • Gender, attachment, and relationship duration on cardiovascular reactivity to stress in a laboratory study of dating couples

    Open Access•Youngmee Kim•Personal Relationships•2006

  • Explicit thoughts of security activate implicit self‐doubt in anxiously attached participants

    Open Access•Julie Longua Peterson•Personal Relationships•2014

  • Enhancing relationship perceptions by reducing felt inferiority

    Open Access•Jaye L Derrick, Sandra L Murray et al.•Personal Relationships•2007

  • How self-evaluations relate to being liked by others

    Sanjay Srivastava, Jennifer S Beer•Journal of Personality and Social…•2005

  • Sources of Social Support and Attachment Styles among Israeli Arab Students

    Open Access•Adital Ben‐ari, Adital Ben-Ari•International Social Work•2004

  • Relational selves as self-affirmational resources

    Open Access•Serena Chen, Helen C Boucher•Journal of Research in Personality•2008

  • Adult attachment and feedback‐seeking patterns in relationships and work

    Open Access•Erica G Hepper, Katherine B Carnelley•European Journal of Social…•2010

  • The effects of psychological security and insecurity on political attitudes and leadership preferences

    Open Access•Omri Gillath, Joshua Hart•European Journal of Social…•2010

  • Attachment anxiety, intra‐group (dis)respect, actual efforts, and group donation

    Open Access•Ayelet Erez, Ed Sleebos et al.•European Journal of Social…•2009

  • Preschool personality antecedents of narcissism in adolescence and young adulthood

    Open Access•Kevin S Carlson, Per F Gjerde•Journal of Research in Personality•2009

  • Sexual Self-Schemas of Gay Men

    Open Access•William B Elder, Susan L Morrow et al.•The Counseling Psychologist•2015

  • Racism, Attachment Styles, and Mental Health among Asian American Adolescents

    Open Access•Lydia Harim Ahn, Annabelle L Atkin•The Counseling Psychologist•2024

  • Adult attachment, emotion dysregulation, and symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder

    Anna Marganska, Michelle Gallagher et al.•American Journal of Orthopsychiatry•2013

  • The role of attachment in responses to victims of life crises

    J Lee Westmaas, Roxane Cohen Silver•Journal of Personality and Social…•2001

  • Meeting the expectations of your heritage culture

    Open Access•Nelli Ferenczi, Tara C Marshall•Journal of Social and Personal…•2016

  • Making Sense of ‘Us

    Open Access•Erica B Slotter, Lydia F Emery et al.•European Journal of Social…•2025

  • Adult attachment and the transition to parenthood

    W Steven Rholes, Jeffry A Simpson et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2001

  • What's in a name

    Sander L Koole, Ap Dijksterhui et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2001

  • Adult attachment, the transition to parenthood, and depressive symptoms

    Jeffry A Simpson, W Steven Rholes et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003

  • Attachment theory and group processes

    Eldad Rom, Mario Mikulincer•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003

  • Attachment-Related Strategies During Thought Suppression

    Mario Mikulincer, Tamar Dolev et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2004

  • The impact of past relationships on interpersonal behavior

    Michele S Berk, Susan M Andersen•Journal of Personality and Social…•2000

  • Defensive pride and consensus

    Ian Mcgregor, Paul R Nail et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2005

  • Invisible overtures

    Jacquie D Vorauer, Jessica J Cameron et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003

  • Beyond symptoms

    Open Access•Johanna M Lynch, Johanna Lynch et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2012

  • The relational self revealed

    Serena Chen, Helen C Boucher et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2006

  • Attachment, Minority Stress, and Health Outcomes Among Conservatively Religious Sexual Minorities

    Samuel J Skidmore, Sydney A Sorrell et al.•Journal of Homosexuality•2023

  • The interplay and effectiveness of implicit and explicit avoidant defenses

    Open Access•Michael J Marks, Amanda M Vicary•Journal of Social and Personal…•2016

  • The Interplay between Attachment and Affiliation Systems in Adolescents' Same-Sex Friendships

    Open Access•Mario Mikulincer, Michal Selinger•Journal of Social and Personal…•2001

  • Attachment Security with Mother and Father

    Open Access•Jennifer Ducharme, Anna Beth Doyle et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2002

  • Relationship-induced self-concept change and the malleability of attachment security

    Open Access•Kevin P Mcintyre, Brent A Mattingly et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2025

  • Attachment Style and Willingness to Compromise When Choosing a Mate

    Open Access•Rami Tolmacz•Journal of Social and Personal…•2004

  • Attachment and loss

    John Bowlby•Attachment and loss•1981

  • Statistical principles in experimental design.

    B J Winer•1962

  • Self-Concept Discrepancy Theory

    E Tory Higgins, Ruth Klein et al.•Social Cognition•1985

  • The Dynamic Self-Concept

    Hazel Rose Markus, H Markus et al.•Annual Review of Psychology•1987

  • Dimensions of Adult Attachment, Affect Regulation, and Romantic Relationship Functioning

    Open Access•Kelly A Brennan, P R Shaver•Personality and Social Psychology…•1995

  • Self-Complexity and Affective Extremity

    Patricia W Linville•Social Cognition•1985

  • Self-discrepancy

    E Tory Higgins•Psychological Review•1987

  • Personality, Cognition and Social Interaction

    Nancy Cantor, John F Kihlstrom•Personality, Cognition and Social…•2017

  • Depressed and nondepressed content self-reference in mild depressives

    Open Access•Nicholas A Kuiper, Paul A Derry•Journal of Personality•1982

  • Gender and working models of attachment

    Open Access•Paula R Pietromonaco, Katherine B Carnelley•Personal Relationships•1994

  • Attachment styles and fear of personal death

    Mario Mikulincer, Victor Florian et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1990

  • Memory for personally relevant information

    Tamara J Ferguson, Brendan Gail Rule et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1983

  • Accountability and complexity of thought

    Philip E Tetlock•Journal of Personality and Social…•1983

  • Models of the self and other

    Dale W Griffin, Kim Bartholomew•Journal of Personality and Social…•1994

  • Support seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety-provoking situation

    Jeffry A Simpson, W Steven Rholes et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1992

  • Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples

    Nancy L Collins, Stephen J Read et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1990

  • Self-related problems beyond the self-concept

    Elizabeth Van Hook, E Tory Higgins•Journal of Personality and Social…•1988

  • Likableness ratings of 555 personality-trait words

    Norman H Anderson•Journal of Personality and Social…•1968

  • Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships

    Jeffry A Simpson•Journal of Personality and Social…•1990

  • Self-schemata and processing information about the self

    Hazel Rose Markus, Hazel Markus•Journal of Personality and Social…•1977

  • The use of differentiation and integration processes

    Barbara A Woike•Journal of Personality and Social…•1994

  • Self-discrepancies and emotional vulnerability

    E Tory Higgins, Ronald N Bond et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986

  • Flattering and unflattering personality portraits of integratively simple and complex managers

    Philip E Tetlock, Randall S Peterson et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1993

  • Attachment style as a predictor of adult romantic relationships

    Judith A Feeney, Patricia Noller•Journal of Personality and Social…•1990

  • Appraisal of the self-schema construct in cognitive models of depression

    Zindel V Segal•Psychological Bulletin•1988

Unique citing works101
Citations per year3,48
Citation span1997 - 2026 (30)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 92

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae