I Am Us
Negative Stereotypes as Collective Threats
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6205075 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Geoffrey L Cohen (Yale University), Julio Garcia (0000-0002-7126-3284, Yale University) |
| Year | 2005 |
| Volume | 89 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 566-582 |
| Publication date | 2005-10-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.566 |
| PMID | 16287419 |
| OpenAlex | W2103115923 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 132 |
| References cited | 69 |
Collective threat is the fear that an in-group member's behavior might reinforce a negative stereotype of one's group. In a field study, self-reported collective threat was higher in stereotyped minorities than in Whites and was linked to lower self-esteem in both groups. In 3 experimental studies, a potentially poor performance by an in-group member on a stereotype-relevant task proved threatening, as evidenced by lower self-esteem among minority students in 2 experiments and women in a 3rd experiment. The latter study demonstrated the generality of collective threat. Collective threat also undermined academic performance and affected self-stereotyping, stereotype activation, and physical distancing from the in-group member. Results further suggest that group identification plays a role in whether people use an avoidance or challenge strategy in coping with collective threat. Implications for theories of social identity and stigmatization are discussed
Collective identity · Coping (psychology) · Distancing · Generality · Social distance · Social group · Social identity theory · Stereotype (UML) · Stereotype threat · Clinical Psychology · Cultural Differences and Values · Gender Diversity and Inequality · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Exploring the divergent academic outcomes of U.S.-origin and immigrant-origin Black undergraduates
Collective Identity in the anglophone Social Psychology
Do I belong? It depends on when you ask
Dissociative versus Associative Responses to Social Identity Threat
Not in my group
Supplemental Material for Microinclusions
When compliments fail to flatter
Cultural mismatch and the education of Aboriginal youths
When It Is Not So Funny
Media‐Related Fear
Pride, Not Prejudice
Computing whether she belongs
Two brief interventions to mitigate a “chilly climate” transform women’s experience, relationships, and achievement in engineering.
From Stereotype Threat to Stereotype Threats
Twenty Years of Stereotype Threat Research
A Vicious Cycle
Demystifying Values-Affirmation Interventions
Identity, Belonging, and Achievement
Peer Contagion of Aggression and Health Risk Behavior Among Adolescent Males
The Group as a Resource
Coping with racism
Recursive Processes in Self-Affirmation
Of Warrior Chiefs and Indian Princesses
National Identity, Social Preferences, and Foreign Policy Attitudes
Interactive Effects of Discrimination and Racial Identity on Alcohol-Related Thoughts and Use
Cognitive Appraisals of Stereotype Threat
Do Fans Care About the Activist Athlete? A Closer Look at Athlete Activism Effect on Brand Image
Examining Factors Shaping the Consumption of Televised Ladies Professional Golf Association Events
Complicating College-Transition Stories
The Paradox of Belonging
Compensating for the loss of human distinctiveness
The Black-White Recognition Gap in Award Nominations
Daily Coping With Social Identity Threat in Outgroup-Dominated Contexts
Investigating Cortisol in a STEM Classroom
Stereotype Threat at Work
What to Do? Predicting Coping Strategies Following Ingroup Members’ Stereotypical Behaviors in Interracial Interactions
Subjective Identity Concealability and the Consequences of Fearing Identity-Based Judgment
Belonging in science classrooms
Culturally adapting relational savoring
The Task Bind
Negative Exposure
Engineering Exchanges
Do Female and Male Role Models Who Embody STEM Stereotypes Hinder Women’s Anticipated Success in STEM
Religious and Ethnic Discrimination
Who stereotypes female candidates? Identifying individual differences in feminine stereotype reliance
Affirmative Meritocracy
The Social and Educational Consequences of Identity‐Based Rejection
When Athlete Activism Clashes With Group Values
From Loving the Hero to Despising the Villain
The lack of fit framework in school
Envisioning college success
Using an egalitarian social norms message to improve attitudes toward diversity in an academic context
Advances in stereotype threat research on African Americans
Understanding the effects of values affirmation on deaf students in Nepal
Adapting the values affirmation intervention to a multi-stereotype threat framework for female students in STEM
An ally you say? Endorsing White women as allies to encourage perceptions of allyship and organizational identity-safety among Black women
You’re making us all look bad
A threat in the network
The risk of male success and failure
Video-Based Group-Values Affirmation Reduces Defensive Responses to Risk Messages
Exploring Identity-Safety Cues and Allyship Among Black Women Students in STEM Environments
They’re Comparing Me to Her
Interpersonal Sexual Objectification, Jezebel Stereotype Endorsement, and Justification of Intimate Partner Violence Toward Women
Explaining Underrepresentation
Addressing Unintended Consequences of Gender Diversity Interventions on Women’s Sense of Belonging in STEM
A Practical Measure of Student Motivation
Blaming sexual violence victims in the context of internalized sexism and female intragender hostility
Racism and Social Capital
White Fatigue
Immigrant Youth and Discrimination
The Psychology of Self‐defense
Ambient belonging
Language of the Lost
A question of belonging
Identity-based motivation and health
Deflecting the trajectory and changing the narrative
Bridging the partisan divide
From “we” to “me
L'eggo My Ego
Double isolation
Understanding the power dynamics affecting black and minority ethnic females in leadership roles
The Role of Team Identification in Mediating Second-Screening Uses and Gratifications Among Sports Consumers
College Services, Sense of Belonging, and Friendships
The queen bee phenomenon
Black Like Me
Appraising Stigmatization and Discrimination
Multicultural Integration Policy as an Explanatory Factor of Immigrant Social Belonging
The Politicization of Fear
Enemy of My Enemy? An Examination of Potential Religious Group Threat Effects on Racial Attitudes
Identity and Academic Success among Underrepresented Ethnic Minorities
Young Women’s Sexuality in Black and White
Interracial roommate relationships
Theories for Race and Gender Differences in Management of Social Identity-Related Stressors
Sociocultural theories, academic achievement, and African American adolescents in a multicultural context
The Significance of Parenting and Parent–Child Relationships for Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents
Threatened identities and interethnic interactions
Negative Stereotypes Deconstructed and Transformed in the Experience of Native American Academics
Social adjustment and dynamics of segregation in higher education – Scrutinising the role of open-mindedness and empathy
Stress-Related Growth, Coming Out, and Internalized Homonegativity in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth. An Examination of Stress-Related Growth Within the Minority Stress Model
Like Going Through High School All Over Again” – A Social Identity Perspective on Conflict, Exclusion, and Belonging in Online Communities of LGBTQ+ Adults
Advances In Experimental Social Psychology
Stereotype Threat
Making Sense of Self-Esteem
Using Nonconscious Behavioral Mimicry to Create Affiliation and Rapport
The Mentor’s Dilemma
The Wisdom of the Body
Toward a Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model of Social Behavior
Social Identity Theory's Self-Esteem Hypothesis
When We Observe Stigmatized and "Normal" Individuals Interacting
The strategic confirmation of meta‐stereotypes
The Biopsychosocial Model of Arousal Regulation
Self-Efficacy
Ambiguity and Self-Evaluation
The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior
Contending with group image
Racism
Coping with Negative Stereotypes about Intellectual Performance
Stereotype Susceptibility
The underrepresentation of women in science
Measuring Global Self-Esteem
A Collective Self-Esteem Scale
Self-Stereotyping in the Face of Threats to Group Status and Distinctiveness
The Scar of Race
Sensitivity to status-based rejection
Accepting Threatening Information
The ‘Black Sheep Effect’
Resolving Social Conflicts
What Women and Men Should Be, Shouldn't be, are Allowed to be, and don't Have to Be
Racial-Ethnic Self-Schemas
Self-evaluation effects of interpersonal versus intergroup social comparison
The Effects of In-Group versus Out-Group Social Comparison on Self-Esteem in the Context of a Negative Stereotype
Gender Identification Moderates Stereotype Threat Effects on Women's Math Performance
Stereotype Lift
Identity bifurcation in response to stereotype threat
When White Men Can't Do Math
The totalitarian ego
The Influence of Ethnic Discrimination and Ethnic Identification on African American adolescents' School and Socioemotional Adjustment
Behavioral preferences in response to social injustice
Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans
The dynamic time course of stereotype activation
Anti-Black prejudice as a function of exposure to the negative behavior of a single Black person
Stereotype threat effects on Black and White athletic performance
Egocentric definitions of traits and abilities in social judgment
Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity
Sticking together or falling apart
Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans
Activating stereotypes undermines task performance expectations
Guilty by association
Selective self-stereotyping
Development and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem
Ambiguity and self-evaluation
How do individuals expect to be viewed by members of lower status groups? Content and implications of meta-stereotypes
Negotiating social identity when contexts change
An ambivalent alliance
Stereotype Threat and Women's Math Performance
Stereotypes and prejudice
The perils of outperformance
The Denial of Personal Discrimination
| Unique citing works | 132 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 6,6 |
| Citation span | 2006 - 2026 (21) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 124 |