Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

A Secure Base

Responsive Support of Goal Strivings and Exploration in Adult Intimate Relationships

Bibliographic Data

ID6205913
AuthorsBrooke C Feeney (0000-0001-6195-6338, Carnegie Mellon University, corresponding author)
Year2004
Volume87
Issue5
Pages631-648
Publication date2004-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.631
PMID15535776
OpenAlexW2087429902
LanguageEN
Citations received113
References cited40

A theoretical framework is proposed for examining the interpersonal processes involved in the support of a relationship partner's goal strivings, personal growth, and exploratory behavior, and for examining consequences of receiving either responsive or unresponsive support in this domain. These processes were examined using both observational and experimental methods. In Phase 1, couples were videotaped as they discussed personal goals for the future. In Phase 2, support behavior was experimentally manipulated to examine immediate effects on the recipient. Results indicated that responsive (nonintrusive) support of a relationship partner's goal strivings and explorations have important implications for the recipient's happiness, self-esteem, and perceived likelihood of achieving specific goals. The importance of research examining this type of support is discussed

Developmental psychology · Happiness · Interpersonal communication · Interpersonal relationship · Social support · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics · Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior · Psychology · Social Psychology · Work-Family Balance Challenges

  • Emotional suppression during personal goal pursuit impedes goal strivings and achievement

    Rachel S T Low, Nickola C Overall et al.•Emotion•2016

  • Partner Support and Goal Outcomes

    Open Access•Laura M Vowels, Katherine B Carnelley•European Journal of Social…•2022

  • Here one time, gone the next

    Open Access•Jami Eller, Yuthika U Girme et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2022

  • Lightening the load

    Mariko L Visserman, Amy Muise et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2021

  • Perceptions of romantic partners’ responsiveness during a period of stressful uncertainty

    Michael Dooley, Michael K Dooley et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2018

  • Intimate Partner Violence

    Open Access•Izhar Harani, Anat Ben‐porat•Journal of Marriage and the Family•2026

  • Close Relationships

    Open Access•Margaret S Clark, Nancy K Grote•Handbook of Psychology, Second…•2012

  • Close Relationships

    Open Access•Margaret S Clark, Edward P Lemay•Handbook of Social Psychology•2010

  • Social Relationships in Adulthood

    Open Access•Margaret S Clark, Oriana R Aragón et al.•International Encyclopedia of the…•2015

  • Relational regulation theory

    Brian Lakey, Edward Orehek•Psychological Review•2011

  • Transactive goal dynamics.

    Open Access•Gráinne M Fitzsimons, E J Finkel et al.•Psychological Review•2015

  • Parental Attachment and Peer Relationships in Adolescence

    Open Access•Elena Delgado, Cristina Serna et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Helping Each Other Grow

    Open Access•Nickola C Overall, Garth J O Fletcher et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2010

  • Attachment, loss, and complicated grief

    Open Access•Katherine Shear, Harry Shair et al.•Developmental Psychobiology•2005

  • The Suffocation of Marriage

    E J Finkel, Chin Ming Hui et al.•Psychological Inquiry•2014

  • Adult Attachment Orientations, Stress, and Romantic Relationships

    Jeffry A Simpson, W Steven Rholes•Advances in experimental social…•2012

  • Communal Coping and Adjustment to Chronic Illness

    Open Access•Vicki S Helgeson, Brett K Jakubiak et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2018

  • Good News! Capitalizing on Positive Events in an Interpersonal Context

    Shelly L Gable, H T Reis•Advances in Experimental Social…•2010

  • A New Look at Social Support

    Open Access•Brooke C Feeney, Nancy L Collins•Personality and Social Psychology…•2015

  • Revising Working Models Across Time

    Open Access•Ximena B Arriaga, Madoka Kumashiro et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2018

  • Partner Contributions to Goal Pursuit

    Open Access•Elizabeth Zambrano, Elizabeth Zambrano Garza et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2021

  • Late-Midlife and Older Couples' Shared Possible Selves and Psychological Well-being During Times of Illness

    Ines Schindler, Cynthia A Berg et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2010

  • Couples’ perceptions of interpersonal emotion regulation receipt and provision predict well-being across adulthood

    Open Access•Claire M Growney, Tabea Springstein et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2025

  • Do Relationship Styles Moderate Influences of Perceived Maternal Support on Early Adolescents’ Well-Being

    Open Access•Meenakshi Menon•Psychological Studies•2012

  • The Psychology of Workplace Mentoring Relationships

    Lillian T Eby, Melissa M Robertson•Annual Review of Organizational…•2019

  • The relationship between social support and interpersonal self-efficacy among higher vocational college students

    Open Access•Chen Chun-mei, Chunmei Chen et al.•BMC Psychology•2025

  • Réflexions sur la relation d’attachement chez l’aidant

    Solène Guyomard•Le Journal des psychologues•2025

  • Theory of Motivated Cue-Integration and Covid-19

    Open Access•Idit Shalev•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2021

  • Mind the Gap

    Open Access•Tekisha M Rice, Madoka Kumashiro et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • Can Generative AI Chatbots Emulate Human Connection? A Relationship Science Perspective

    Open Access•Molly G Smith, Thomas N Bradbury et al.•Perspectives on Psychological…•2025

  • Interparental Positivity Spillover Theory

    Open Access•Brian P Don, Jeffry A Simpson et al.•Perspectives on Psychological…•2025

  • Using attachment theory to conceptualize and measure the experiences in human-AI relationships

    Open Access•Fan Yang, Atsushi Oshio•Current Psychology•2025

  • The impact of non-harmonious goals on partner support and taking on opportunities

    Open Access•Laura M Vowels, Katherine B Carnelley et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • Mechanisms Linking Attachment Orientation to Sleep Quality in Married Couples

    Open Access•Yuxi Xie, Brian N Chin et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2024

  • Thank You for Changing

    Open Access•Natalie M Sisson, Y Park et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2025

  • With or Without You? People Feel Less Autonomous During Social Interactions, Except With Close Others

    Open Access•Elaine Hoan, Geoff Macdonald et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2025

  • Social support as a source of vitality among college students

    Open Access•Abraham Carmeli, Ann C Peng et al.•Psychology in the Schools•2021

  • Losing the Wind Beneath Your Wings

    Open Access•Sarah Gomillion, Sandra L Murray et al.•Social Psychological and…•2015

  • For Better or for Worse? Outsourcing Self-Regulation and Goal Pursuit

    Open Access•Julia L Briskin, Catalina Kopetz et al.•Social Psychological and…•2019

  • The Dyadic Nature of Self-Evaluations

    Open Access•Shanuki D Jayamaha, Nickola C Overall•Social Psychological and…•2019

  • Just Tell Me What to Do

    Open Access•Sook Ning Chua•Social Psychological and…•2015

  • The Merits of Goal Support as a Self-Control Strategy

    Open Access•Kristian Steensen Nielsen, Jan M Bauer•Social Psychological and…•2019

  • A Machine Learning Approach to Predicting Perceived Partner Support From Relational and Individual Variables

    Open Access•Laura M Vowels, Matthew J Vowels et al.•Social Psychological and…•2023

  • Filling the Void

    Open Access•Ximena B Arriaga, Madoka Kumashiro et al.•Social Psychological and…•2014

  • Effects of Cost and Benefit of Prosocial Behavior on Reputation

    Open Access•Yuta Kawamura, Yohsuke Ohtsubo et al.•Social Psychological and…•2021

  • Skilled Support Within Intimate Relationships

    Open Access•Eshkol Rafaeli, Marci E J Gleason•Journal of Family Theory & Review•2009

  • Beyond Satisfaction

    Open Access•Emre Selcuk, Vivian Zayas et al.•Journal of Family Theory & Review•2010

  • The world looks better together

    Open Access•Erica J Boothby, Leigh K Smith et al.•Personal Relationships•2017

  • Emotional Education Governance Based on School-Family Collaboration

    Open Access•Demei Zhang•Chinese Education & Society•2023

  • Effect of Romantic Relationship on Implicit Regional Prejudice

    Open Access•Zheng Jin, Jeffrey W Sherman•Journal of Community & Applied…•2014

  • The longitudinal influence of supportive messages on stress reactivity and general well-being for LGBTQ+ recipients of hate speech

    J P Crowley, A Denes et al.•Communication Monographs•2023

  • Adaptação ao divórcio e relações coparentais

    Open Access•Diogo Lamela, Bárbara Figueiredo et al.•Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica•2010

  • Will you be there for me when things go right? Supportive responses to positive event disclosures

    Shelly L Gable, Gian C Gonzaga et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2006

  • The generalization of attachment representations to new social situations

    Brooke C Feeney, Jude Cassidy et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2008

  • Close relationships and self-regulation

    Wilhelm Hofmann, E J Finkel et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2015

  • Creating good relationships

    Amy Canevello, Jennifer Crocker•Journal of Personality and Social…•2010

  • Loving freedom

    Chin Ming Hui, Daniel C Molden et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2013

  • Daily goal progress is facilitated by spousal support and promotes psychological, physical, and relational well-being throughout adulthood

    Open Access•Brett K Jakubiak, Brooke C Feeney•Journal of Personality and Social…•2016

  • Experimental findings on God as an attachment figure

    Pehr Granqvist, Mario Mikulincer et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2012

  • When “together” means “too close

    Birk Hagemeyer, Felix Schönbrodt et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2015

  • When power shapes interpersonal behavior

    Nickola C Overall, Matthew D Hammond et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2016

  • Projection of responsiveness to needs and the construction of satisfying communal relationships

    Edward P Lemay, Margaret S Clark et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2007

  • Relationship influences on exploration in adulthood

    Brooke C Feeney, Roxanne L Thrush•Journal of Personality and Social…•2010

  • Who am I in it for? Interpersonal Goals and Secure Base Support

    Benjamin W Hadden, C Raymond Knee•Self and Identity•2015

  • Adult attachment

    Hanyu Liang, Han-Yu Liang et al.•Journal of Psychology in Africa•2021

  • A Pilot Randomized Trial of Intervention Components Addressing Drug Use in Couples HIV Testing and Counseling (CHTC) with Male Couples

    Open Access•Tyrel J Starks, Trey V Dellucci et al.•AIDS and Behavior•2019

  • The effect of daily leader secure‐base support on employees' daily performance

    Open Access•Niannian Dong, Lu Xing et al.•Applied Psychology•2024

  • A pilot study exploring compassion in narratives of individuals with psychosis

    Andrew Gumley, Angus Macbeth•Mental Health Religion & Culture•2014

  • The Role of Maternal Attachment in the Experience of Labor Pain

    José Manuel Costa-Martins, Marco Pereira et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2014

  • When Curiosity Breeds Intimacy

    Open Access•Todd B Kashdan, Patrick E Mcknight et al.•Journal of Personality•2011

  • Regulatory Focus and the Interpersonal Dynamics of Romantic Partners’ Personal Goal Discussions

    Open Access•Heike A Winterheld, Jeffry A Simpson•Journal of Personality•2016

  • Attachment and Displacement

    Open Access•Raghubir Singh Pirta, Nitin Chandel et al.•Psychological Studies•2013

  • A little acceptance is good for your health

    Open Access•Christine Logel, Danu Anthony Stinson et al.•Personal Relationships•2014

  • Affiliation with new peer acquaintances during two initial social support interactions

    Open Access•Brooke C Feeney, Jude Cassidy et al.•Personal Relationships•2009

  • Relationship quality promotes the desire for closeness among distressed avoidantly attached individuals

    Open Access•Erica B Slotter, Laura B Luchies•Personal Relationships•2014

  • Goal conflict in retirement

    Open Access•Julia S Yarrington, Jennifer M Tomlinson et al.•Personal Relationships•2022

  • Responsive behaviors in good times and in bad

    Open Access•Natalya C Maisel, Shelly L Gable et al.•Personal Relationships•2008

  • The dependency paradox in close relationships

    Brooke C Feeney•Journal of Personality and Social…•2007

  • What makes early adults feel loved? Cultural consensus of felt love experiences in early adulthood

    Olivia Ellis, Saeideh Heshmati et al.•Applied Developmental Science•2024

  • Attachment theory at work

    Open Access•Jeffrey Yip, Kyle Ehrhardt et al.•Journal of Organizational Behavior•2018

  • Social Resources as Cognitive Structures

    Open Access•D S Lee, Jonathan L Stahl et al.•Social Psychology Quarterly•2020

  • Pets as safe havens and secure bases

    Open Access•Sigal Zilcha‐Mano, Sigal Zilcha-Mano et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•2012

  • Attachment, perceptions of care and caregiving to romantic partners and friends

    Open Access•Fay S Julal, Katherine B Carnelley•European Journal of Social…•2012

  • Partner support and goal outcomes during Covid‐19

    Open Access•Laura M Vowels, Katherine B Carnelley et al.•European Journal of Social…•2021

  • Attachment to groups

    Open Access•Tina C DeMarco, Anna‐kaisa Newheiser et al.•European Journal of Social…•2019

  • With or without you

    Open Access•Anthony E Coy, Jeffrey D Green et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2011

  • Mere presence is not enough

    Open Access•Heidi S Kane, Cade Mccall et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2011

  • What Can Counseling Psychology Contribute to the Study of Optimal Human Functioning

    Open Access•Patricia A Frazier, Raymond M Lee et al.•The Counseling Psychologist•2006

  • Perceived responses to capitalization attempts are influenced by self‐esteem and relationship threat

    Open Access•Shannon M Smith, H T Reis•Personal Relationships•2011

  • Interpersonal touch as a resource to facilitate positive personal and relational outcomes during stress discussions

    Open Access•Brett K Jakubiak, Brooke C Feeney•Journal of Social and Personal…•2018

  • Psychological, physiological, and behavioral responses to a partner in need

    Open Access•Nancy L Collins, Heidi S Kane et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2014

  • The Role of World Beliefs in Loneliness

    Open Access•Edward P Lemay, Jennifer Cutri et al.•Journal of Personality•2025

  • Preemptive Buffering

    Open Access•Vivian Zayas, Steve Strycharz et al.•European Journal of Social…•2025

  • Intergenerational Caregiving

    Diana Maria Da Costa Bizarro Morais, Carla Maria Gomes Marques Faria et al.•Journal of Intergenerational…•2019

  • My Tears Have Been My Food, Both Day and Night

    Open Access•Daniel Lee Hill, Sierra Wickline et al.•Religions•2025

  • Responsive social support serves important functions in clinical communication

    Open Access•Laura A Dwyer, Ronald M Epstein et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2022

  • Dyadic conflict in goal-relevant activities affects well-being and psychological functioning in employed parents

    Open Access•Christiane A Hoppmann, Ulrich Poetter et al.•Time & Society•2013

  • Social Support is a Balancing Act

    Open Access•Brett K Jakubiak, Julian D Fuentes et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2023

  • Decolonizing methods

    Open Access•G Adams•Journal of Social and Personal…•2014

  • Security enhancement, self-esteem threat, and mental depletion affect provision of a safe haven and secure base to a romantic partner

    Open Access•Mario Mikulincer, P R Shaver et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2014

  • Handbook of Personal Relationships

    Steve Duck•Handbook of Personal Relationships•1996

  • Attachment and loss

    John Bowlby•Attachment and loss•1981

  • Society and the Adolescent Self-Image

    Morris Rosenberg•Society and the Adolescent…•1965

  • Continuity of Adaptation in the Second Year

    Leah Matas, Richard Arend et al.•Child Development•1978

  • A Secure Base from Which to Explore Close Relationships

    Open Access•Everett Waters, E Mark Cummings•Child Development•2000

  • Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients.

    Kenneth O Mcgraw, Senya Wong et al.•Psychological Methods•1996

  • The Circle of Security project

    Robert S Marvin, Robert Marvin et al.•Attachment & Human Development•2002

  • Working Models of Attachment, Support Giving, and Support Seeking in a Stressful Situation

    Open Access•Jeffry A Simpson, W Steven Rholes et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2002

  • Motivations for Caregiving in Adult Intimate Relationships

    Open Access•Brooke C Feeney, Nancy L Collins•Personality and Social Psychology…•2003

  • Stress and Social Support—in Search of Optimal Matching

    Carolyn E Cutrona•Journal of Social and Clinical…•1990

  • A Leap of Faith? Positive Illusions in Romantic Relationships

    Open Access•Sandra L Murray, Susan Murray et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•1997

  • Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment

    GEORGE W REVER•Psychosomatic Medicine•1972

  • Infant-Mother Attachment

    Byron Egeland, Ellen A Farber•Child Development•1984

  • Handbook of Social Support and the Family

    Open Access•Gregory R Pierce, Barbara R Sarason et al.•Handbook of Social Support and…•1996

  • The Insecure/Ambivalent Pattern of Attachment

    Jude Cassidy, Lisa J Berlin•Child Development•1994

  • Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being

    Richard M Ryan, Edward L Deci•American Psychologist•2000

  • Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being

    Richard M Ryan, Edward L Deci•American Psychologist•2000

  • The Self-Efficacy Scale

    Open Access•Mark Sherer, James E Maddux et al.•Psychological Reports•1982

  • Internal working models of caregiving and security of attachment at age six

    Open Access•Carol George, Judith Solomon•Infant Mental Health Journal•1989

  • Handbook of attachment

    Open Access•Amy B Dickson•Infant Mental Health Journal•2004

  • Within-person variation in security of attachment

    Jennifer G La Guardia, Richard M Ryan et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2000

  • Support seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety-provoking situation

    Jeffry A Simpson, W Steven Rholes et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1992

  • Close partner as sculptor of the ideal self

    Stephen M Drigotas, Caryl E Rusbult et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1999

  • Assessing secure base behavior in adulthood

    Judith A Crowell, Dominique Treboux et al.•Developmental Psychology•2002

  • The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits

    Edward L Deci, Richard M Ryan•Psychological Inquiry•2000

  • Close relationships as including other in the self

    Arthur Aron, Elaine N Aron et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1991

  • A safe haven

    Nancy L Collins, Brooke C Feeney•Journal of Personality and Social…•2000

  • Personal goals and interpersonal support and hindrance as factors in psychological distress and well-being

    Linda S Ruehlman, Sharlene A Wolchik•Journal of Personality and Social…•1988

  • Personal goals and social support in close relationships

    Joachim C Brunstein, Gabriele Dangelmayer et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1996

  • Impact of causal attributions on affective reactions to success and failure

    Cathy Mcfarland, M G Ro et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1982

  • Predictors of caregiving in adult intimate relationships

    Brooke C Feeney, Nancy L Collins•Journal of Personality and Social…•2001

  • Victims' perceptions of social support

    Gayle A Dakof, Shelley E Taylor•Journal of Personality and Social…•1990

  • Attachment and exploration in adulthood

    Andrew J Elliot, H T Reis•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003

  • Love and work

    Cindy Hazan, P R Shaver•Journal of Personality and Social…•1990

  • Recipients' Perceptions of Support Attempts and Attributions for Support Attempts that Fail

    Open Access•Darrin R Lehman, Kenneth J Hemphill•Journal of Social and Personal…•1990

Unique citing works113
Citations per year5,38
Citation span2005 - 2026 (22)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 107

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae