Learned helplessness in children
A longitudinal study of depression, achievement, and explanatory style
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6206418 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan Nolen–hoeksema (Stanford University), Joan S Girgus, Martin E P Seligman (0000-0002-2028-0009), Martin E Seligman |
| Year | 1986 |
| Volume | 51 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 435-442 |
| Publication date | 1986-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037//0022-3514.51.2.435 |
| PMID | 3746624 |
| OpenAlex | W2120003717 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 120 |
| References cited | 2 |
In this longitudinal study, the depressive symptoms, life events, and explanatory styles of 168 school children were measured five times during the course of 1 year. Measures of school achievement were obtained once during the year. Depressive symptoms and explanatory styles were found to be quite stable over the year. As predicted by the reformulated learned helplessness theory, explanatory style both correlated with concurrent levels of depression and school achievement and predicted later changes in depression during the year. Depression also predicted later explanatory styles. The implications of these results for intervention with children with depressive symptoms or school achievement problems are discussed.
Academic achievement · Attribution · Cognition · Depression (economics · Depressive symptoms · Developmental psychology · Explanatory model · Intervention (counseling · Learned helplessness · Longitudinal study · Need for achievement · Psychiatry · Style (visual arts) · Behavioral and Psychological Studies · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development · Clinical Psychology · Early Childhood Education and Development · Medicine · Psychology · Resilience and Mental Health · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 78 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,08 |
| Citation span | 1987 - 2026 (40) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 111 |