Refining the vulnerability model of low self-esteem and depression
Disentangling the effects of genuine self-esteem and narcissism
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6206945 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Uli Orth (0000-0002-4795-515X, University of Bern), Richard W Robins (0000-0002-5088-3484, University of California, Davis), Laurenz L Meier (0000-0002-5675-1562, University of Fribourg), Rand D Conger (University of California, Davis) |
| Year | 2016 |
| Volume | 110 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 133-149 |
| Publication date | 2016-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/pspp0000038 |
| PMID | 25915133 |
| OpenAlex | W2326414485 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 69 |
| References cited | 82 |
A growing body of research supports the vulnerability model of low self-esteem and depression, which states that low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression. The goal of the present research was to refine the vulnerability model, by testing whether the self-esteem effect is truly due to a lack of genuine self-esteem or due to a lack of narcissistic self-enhancement. For the analyses, we used data from 6 longitudinal studies consisting of 2,717 individuals. In each study, we tested the prospective effects of self-esteem and narcissism on depression both separately for each construct and mutually controlling the constructs for each other (i.e., a strategy that informs about effects of genuine self-esteem and pure narcissism), and then meta-analytically aggregated the findings. The results indicated that the effect of low self-esteem holds when narcissism is controlled for (uncontrolled effect = -.26, controlled effect = -.27). In contrast, the effect of narcissism was close to zero when self-esteem was controlled for (uncontrolled effect = -.06, controlled effect = .01). Moreover, the analyses suggested that the self-esteem effect is linear across the continuum from low to high self-esteem (i.e., the effect was not weaker at very high levels of self-esteem). Finally, self-esteem and narcissism did not interact in their effect on depression; that is, individuals with high self-esteem have a lower risk for developing depression, regardless of whether or not they are narcissistic. The findings have significant theoretical implications because they strengthen the vulnerability model of low self-esteem and depression
Depression (economics) · Developmental psychology · Narcissism · Self-esteem · Vulnerability (computing) · Clinical Psychology · Emotional Intelligence and Performance · Optimism, Hope, and Well-being · Personality Traits and Psychology · Psychology · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 69 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 6,27 |
| Citation span | 2015 - 2026 (12) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 62 |