Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Explaining Support for Political Violence

Grievance and Perceived Opportunity

Bibliographic Data

ID6284187
AuthorsKarin Dyrstad (0000-0003-0545-1532, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Dragvoll, Norway, corresponding author), Solveig Hillesund (0000-0002-9370-1417, University of Oslo)
Year2020
Volume64
Issue9
Pages1724-1753
Publication date2020-10-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Conflict Resolution (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-0027 • E-ISSN: 1552-8766
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/0022002720909886
OpenAlexW3010001670
LanguageEN
Citations received40
References cited58

What explains support for violence against the state? The surge in survey-based studies in (former) conflict areas has improved our understanding of the determinants of armed conflict. Yet, the potential interaction between grievances and political opportunity structure has received little attention in microlevel studies. Integrating common arguments from the civil war literature with the political behavior tradition, this article argues that perceived political efficacy, a central component of the political opportunity structure, moderates the association between individual and group grievance and people’s support for political violence. It represents a first individual-level test of the argument that perceived political opportunity structure and grievances combine to explain internal armed conflict. Using original survey data from Guatemala, Nepal, and Northern Ireland (2016), we find robust empirical evidence that support for violence increases with perceived grievance and decreases with political efficacy; and some evidence of an interaction between the two

Argument (complex analysis · Civil Conflict · Criminology · Empirical evidence · Grievance · Poison control · Political economy · Political efficacy · Political repression · Political science · Political violence · Politics · Sociology · Spanish Civil War · Survey data collection · Electoral Systems and Political Participation · Law · Medicine · Political Conflict and Governance · Psychology · Social Psychology · Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence

  • Estranged yet engaged

    Open Access•Carmen Van Alebeek•Journal of European Public Policy•2026

  • Partisan Differences in Support for Political Violence

    Open Access•Chiara Vargiu, Alessandro Nai•Public Opinion Quarterly•2026

  • Why intervention in Afghan media failed to provide support for peace talks

    Open Access•Jake Lynch, Matt Freear•Frontiers in Communication•2023

  • Why are political candidates, who lack trustworthiness, compassion, and experience, viable? Affective appeal, its psychometric characteristics, and preliminary findings

    Open Access•Kyle Killian•Current Psychology•2025

  • An Army for God

    Open Access•Donald P Haider-Markel, Brooklyn Walker et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2026

  • Group-Based Injustice, but Not Group-Based Economic Inequality, Predicts Political Violence Across 18 African Countries

    Open Access•Casper Sakstrup, Henrikas Bartusevičius•Social Psychological and…•2024

  • From rupture to meaning

    Open Access•Kathrin Bachleitner•Cooperation and Conflict•2026

  • What Do We Know about How Armed Conflict Affects Social Cohesion? A Review of the Empirical Literature

    Open Access•Charlotte Fiedler•International Studies Review•2023

  • Politico-ideological violence in Lebanon

    Open Access•Ahmed Ajil•Frontiers in Human Dynamics•2022

  • Correlates of community resilience to violent conflict in north central Nigeria

    Open Access•Oluwole Ojewale•Violence An International Journal•2023

  • Examining real-world legitimization of cross-party violence through two explanatory frameworks

    Open Access•Tal Orian Harel, Eric Shuman et al.•Journal of Social and Political…•2023

  • Linking individual and group motives for violent conflict

    Open Access•Matthew Nanes•Research & Politics•2021

  • Factionalisation from Below

    Moran Stern•Civil Wars•2022

  • Undivine intervention

    Open Access•Peter S Henne, Jason Klocek•Conflict Management and Peace…•2025

  • It’s our turn (not) to learn

    Open Access•Emily Dunlop, Yasmine Bekkouche•International Journal of…•2023

  • How important is culture to understand political protest

    Open Access•Paolo Li Donni, Maria Marino et al.•World Development•2021

  • Defensive national identity relates to support for collective violence, in contrast to secure national identity, in a sample of displaced Syrian diaspora members

    Open Access•Ramzi Abou‐Ismail, Ramzi Abou-Ismail et al.•International Journal of…•2024

  • Conceptualizing and Measuring Support for Collective Violence

    Open Access•Ramzi Abou‐Ismail, Joseph Phillips et al.•Aggressive Behavior•2026

  • Democracy and conflict

    Open Access•Jianwei Feng, Zhang Ping et al.•Public Choice•2026

  • The middle class and the modalities of political protest

    Open Access•Raj M Desai, Anders Olofsgård et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2023

  • Does government response to natural disasters explain violence? The case of the Sendero Luminoso and conflict in Peru

    Open Access•Stephen Mark Mitchell, Elise Pizzi et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2024

  • Self and political efficacy and the justifiability of political violence and the role of state terror

    Open Access•Nabil “Bill” Julkif•Social Science Quarterly•2022

  • The grass is always greener on the other side

    Open Access•Chong Chen, Kyle Beardsley et al.•Journal of Peace Research•2025

  • A Curse or a Blessing? The Associations of Political Knowledge With Partisan Hostility and Condonation of Political Violence

    Open Access•Gabriel Miao Li•International Journal of Public…•2025

  • Populism and Support for Political Violence in the United States

    Open Access•James A Piazza•Political Research Quarterly•2024

  • Increasing Youth Political Engagement with Efficacy Not Obligation

    Open Access•Elizabeth Sperber, O’brien Kaaba et al.•Political Behavior•2022

  • Of Rural Resentment and Storming Capitols

    Open Access•B Kal Munis, Arif Memovic et al.•Political Behavior•2024

  • Who Are Black Lives Matter Activists? Niche Realization in a Multimovement Environment

    Open Access•M T Heaney•Perspectives on Politics•2022

  • The domestic democratic peace

    Open Access•Francesco Veri, Jensen Sa et al.•International Political Science…•2023

  • The Missing Link

    Open Access•Patrick Hunnicutt, Kou Gbaintor-Johnson•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2023

  • Poor Prospects—Not Inequality—Motivate Political Violence

    Open Access•Henrikas Bartusevičius, Florian Van Leeuwen•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2022

  • Past and Present Group Exclusion and Conflict

    Open Access•Jared F Edgerton•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2024

  • Inclusion, Recognition, and Inter-Group Comparisons

    Open Access•Andreas Juon•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2023

  • Resisting Lockdown

    Open Access•Robert Muir Wood, Gina Yannitell Reinhardt et al.•International Studies Quarterly•2022

  • Public Tolerance of Retributive Violence against Insurgencies

    Open Access•Vera Mironova, Sam Whitt•International Studies Quarterly•2021

  • Resilient to violence? One plus four hypotheses on the effect of democracy on domestic conflict

    Open Access•Matthias Basedau•Democratization•2025

  • Why Do People Engage in Unlawful Political Protest? Examining the Role of Authoritarianism in Illegal Protest Behavior

    Open Access•Isabel Inguanzo, Araceli Mateos et al.•American Politics Research•2022

  • Fighting beyond borders

    Open Access•Rahaf Aldoughli•Critical Military Studies•2025

  • Hegemonic masculinities and sexual abuse

    Open Access•Suzanne Newcombe, Sharon Harvey et al.•Religion•2025

  • Bribes and Bombs

    Open Access•Daniel Meierrieks, D Auer•American Political Science Review•2025

  • Scale Development

    Robert F Devellis•Scale Development•2016

  • Summated Rating Scale Construction

    Paul E Spector, Paul Spector•Summated Rating Scale Construction•1992

  • Contemporary Democracies

    Open Access•G Bingham Powell•Contemporary Democracies•1982

  • Framing political opportunity

    Open Access•William A Gamson, D S Meyer•Comparative Perspectives on…•1996

  • Horizontal Inequalities

    Open Access•F Stewart•Wider Perspectives on Global…•2005

  • Inequality, Grievances, and Civil War

    Open Access•Lars-Erik Cederman, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch et al.•Inequality, Grievances, and Civil…•2013

  • Greed and grievance in civil war

    Paul Collier•Oxford Economic Papers•2004

  • Power in Movement

    Open Access•Sidney Tarrow, Sidney G Tarrow•Power in Movement•2011

  • Between Punishment and Impunity

    Open Access•Karin Dyrstad, Helga Malmin Binningsbø•International Journal of…•2018

  • Receptivity to Violence in Ethnically Divided Societies

    Dan Miodownik, Lilach Nir•Studies in Conflict and Terrorism•2015

  • From civilian to combatant

    Db Subedi, D B Subedi•Contemporary South Asia•2013

  • Experienced poverty and local conflict violence

    Open Access•Andreas Forø Tollefsen•Conflict Management and Peace…•2017

  • Socioeconomic Inequalities and Attitudes toward Violence

    Open Access•Siri Aas Rustad•International Interactions•2015

  • Which Grievances Make People Support Violence against the State? Survey Evidence from the Niger Delta

    Cheryl Koos•International Interactions•2017

  • Contemporary Democracies

    Open Access•William J Long•Political Science Quarterly•1984

  • The Dynamic Relationship Between Protest and Repression

    Open Access•Sonia C Carey, Sabine C Carey•Political Research Quarterly•2006

  • Changing Lanes or Stuck in the Middle

    Open Access•Patrick M Regan, Sam R Bell•Political Research Quarterly•2010

  • Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research

    Open Access•Jason Seawright, John Gerring•Political Research Quarterly•2008

  • Nonviolence as a Weapon of the Resourceful

    Peter B White, Dragana Vidović et al.•Mobilization An International…•2015

  • From Insurgency to Democracy

    Open Access•Ganga Bahadur Thapa, Jan Sharma•International Political Science…•2009

  • Redistributive Preferences and Protests in Latin America

    Open Access•Patricia Justino, Bruno Martorano•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2019

  • Why Bad Governance Leads to Repeat Civil War

    Open Access•Barbara F Walter•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2015

  • Governance and Conflict Relapse

    Open Access•Håvard Hegre, Håvard Mokleiv Nygård•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2015

  • Resources and the Information Problem in Rebel Recruitment

    Open Access•Jeremy M Weinstein•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2005

  • Bridging Micro and Macro Approaches on Civil Wars and Political Violence

    Open Access•Laia Bacell I Ventura, Laia Balcells et al.•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2014

  • Anger, Hatred, and the Quest for Peace

    Open Access•Eran Halperin, Alexandra G Russell et al.•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2011

  • A Slippery Slope

    Nils-Christian Bormann, Jesse Hammond•International Studies Quarterly•2016

  • Institutional Inconsistency and Political Instability

    Open Access•Scott Gate, Håvard Hegre et al.•American Journal of Political…•2006

  • Making a Difference

    Open Access•Raanan Sulitzeanu-Kenan, Eran Halperin•British Journal of Political…•2013

  • Discontent and Aggressive Political Participation

    Open Access•Edward N Muller, Thomas O Jukam•British Journal of Political…•1983

  • Coercion in Rebel Recruitment

    Kristine Eck•Security Studies•2014

  • Square Pegs in Round Holes

    Open Access•Halvard Buhaug, Lars-Erik Cederman et al.•International Studies Quarterly•2013

  • Group Entitlement, Anger and Participation in Intergroup Violence

    Open Access•Christopher Claassen•British Journal of Political…•2014

  • Why Do Ethnic Groups Rebel? New Data and Analysis

    Open Access•Lars-Erik Cederman, Andreas Wimmer et al.•World Politics•2009

  • Civilian Cooperation and Non-Cooperation with Non-State Armed Groups

    Ángeles Arjona, Ana Arjona•Small Wars and Insurgencies•2017

  • Droughts, state-citizen relations and support for political violence in Sub-Saharan Africa

    Open Access•Adrien Detges•Political Geography•2017

  • Oil and the Probability of Rebel Participation Among Youths in the Niger Delta of Nigeria

    Open Access•Aderoju Oyefusi•Journal of Peace Research•2008

  • Unpacking nonviolent campaigns

    Open Access•Erica Chenoweth, Orion A Lewis•Journal of Peace Research•2013

  • Polarization, Horizontal Inequalities and Violent Civil Conflict

    Open Access•Gudrun Østby•Journal of Peace Research•2008

  • Gender ideologies and forms of contentious mobilization in the Middle East

    Open Access•Victor Asal, Richard Legault et al.•Journal of Peace Research•2013

  • Understanding strategic choice

    Open Access•Kathleen Gallagher Cunningham•Journal of Peace Research•2013

  • The recruiter's dilemma

    Open Access•Thomas Hegghammer•Journal of Peace Research•2013

  • Geography, poverty and conflict in Nepal

    Open Access•Quy-Toan Do, Lars Iyer et al.•Journal of Peace Research•2010

  • Democracy and armed conflict

    Open Access•Håvard Hegre•Journal of Peace Research•2014

  • A dangerous discrepancy

    Open Access•Solveig Hillesund•Journal of Peace Research•2015

  • Words and deeds

    Open Access•David E Cunningham, David Cunningham et al.•Journal of Peace Research•2017

  • Incentives and opportunities

    Open Access•Corinne Bara•Journal of Peace Research•2014

  • Mass Politics

    Open Access•Edward N Muller•American Behavioral Scientist•1977

  • Black Consciousness and Political Participation

    Open Access•Richard D Shingles, Richard Shingles•American Political Science Review•1981

  • The Conditions of Protest Behavior in American Cities

    Open Access•Peter K Eisinger•American Political Science Review•1973

  • Rational Choice and Rebellious Collective Action

    Open Access•Edward N Muller, K D Opp et al.•American Political Science Review•1986

  • A Test of a Partial Theory of Potential for Political Violence

    Open Access•Edward N Muller•American Political Science Review•1972

  • Personal Influence, Collective Rationality, and Mass Political Action

    Open Access•Steven E Finkel, Edward N Muller et al.•American Political Science Review•1989

  • Isolation, Powerlessness, and Violence

    H Edward Ransford•American Journal of Sociology•1968

Unique citing works40
Citations per year8
Citation span2021 - 2026 (6)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 39

Tools

Open DOISci-HubOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae