Democracy, Power, Genocide, and Mass Murder
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6284630 |
|---|---|
| Authors | R J Rummel (University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1995 |
| Volume | 39 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 3-26 |
| Publication date | 1995-03-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Conflict Resolution (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-0027 • E-ISSN: 1552-8766 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0022002795039001001 |
| OpenAlex | W2154563037 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 141 |
| References cited | 13 |
From 1900 to 1987, state, quasi-state, and stateless groups have killed in democide (genocide, massacres, extrajudicial executions, and the like) nearly 170,000,000 people. Case studies and quantitative analysis show that ethnic, racial, and religious diversity, economic development, levels of education, and cultural differences do not account for this killing. Rather, democide is best explained by the degree to which a regime is empowered along a democratic to totalitarian dimension and, second, the extent to which it is characteristically involved in war or rebellion. Combining these results with those that show that democracies do not make war on each other, the more democratic two nations are the less foreign violence between them, and that the more democratic a regime the less internal violence, strongly suggests that democracy is a general method of nonviolence
Criminology · Democracy · Development economics · Diversity (politics · Economics · Ethnic group · Genocide · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Power (physics · Sociology · State (computer science · Stateless protocol · Law · Political Conflict and Governance · Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence · War, Ethics, and Justification
Will it happen again? On the possibility of forecasting the risk of genocide
R.J. Rummel
At War's End
The Democratic Peace and Territorial Conflict in the Twentieth Century
Individualism and political instability
The state of the field and debates on ethnic cleansing
Population Pressure, Horizontal Inequality and Political Violence
Long Live Democracy
From genocide to permanent security and from identity to politics
Ideology and Mass Killing
The Roots of Ethnic Cleansing in Europe
Major Armed Conflicts, Militarization, and Life Chances
Peace and Development
In Search of Democratic Peace
Civilian Mass Killings Perpetrated by Nonstate Actors
Sudan and South Sudan
Effects of the Deployment and Departure of UN Peacekeeping Operations on Foreign Direct Investment
Nationalism, Necessary and Sufficient for Genocide? A Counterfactual Account through a Comparative Case Study of Nazi Germany, Shōwa Japan, and Fascist Italy
Autocratisation and Peacebuilding in Mozambique (2012–2019)
Shaming and Treaty Ratification
Prewar Domestic Conditions and Civilians in War
Democracy, internal war, and state-sponsored mass murder
Human Rights Violations, Weak States, and Civil War
A typology of theoretical approaches to the study of Rwandan Tutsi genocide
Warfare, atrocities, and political participation
Bureaucratic quality and the severity of genocide and politicide
Environmental Degradation and Genocide, 1958–2007
Testing Hagan and Rymond-Richmond’s collective action theory of genocide
The State as Terrorist
Reaching Inside the State
A(nother) Dark Side of the Protection Racket
European Sociopolitical Mentalities
One state-one nation
Corrective justice for the civilian victims of war
State failure, genocide and politicide reconsidered
Democracy and the problem of cultural relativism
Globalization and Conflict
Leader Tenure, Genocide, and Politicide During Civil War
Will the next Indonesian succession be violent
Building the nation in Timor-Leste and its implications for the country's democratic development
The Strength of Perpetrators—The Holocaust in Western Europe, 1940–1944
Contradictory Behavior During Genocides1
External intelligence assistance and the recipient government’s violence against civilians
Means to an end
Risk Factors for Forced Migrant Flight
A Reassessment of Democratic Pacifism at the Monadic Level of Analysis
Political Persecution or Economic Deprivation? A Time-Series Analysis of Haitian Exodus, 1990—2004
Ethnic minorities, ethnic conflict, and confidence in the UN across the world
R. J. Rummel's Understanding Conflict and War
Repressive agent defections
Trauma and stigma
Democracy and civil war
Challenging the State
Gender Equality and State Aggression
Civil War Victory and the Onset of Genocide and Politicide
The Homegrown Threat
Democracies in international crisis
Weapons and war
Desperate Times, Desperate Measures
Peacebuilding and the Limits of Liberal Internationalism
Ethnic Cleansing and Its Alternatives in Wartime
Between Zapata and Che
Strategic Mass Killings
Foreign interests and state repression
Triggers of State-Led Mass Killing
Postcommunist Subversion
Social cleavages, wartime experience, and ethnic cleansing in Europe
From Litigation to Rights
Democracy and the Future of European Peace
Terrorismo de Estado y dictaduras en Argentina y Uruguay
State Strategies in Multi-Ethnic Territories
Are Things Really Getting Better? How To Validate Latent Variable Models of Human Rights
From Warre to Tyranny
The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders
What Makes the World Hang Together? Neo-utilitarianism and the Social Constructivist Challenge
Improving Forecasts of State Failure
Covenants Without the Sword International Law and the Protection of Civilians in Times of War
Bear Any Burden? How Democracies Minimize the Costs of War
Domestic Unrest, Genocide and Politicide
Does Foreign Military Intervention Help Human Rights
Discrimination, Genocide, and Politicide
State-Sponsored Mass Murder
Revolutionary Leaders and Mass Killing
Colorful Community or Ethnic Witches' Brew
Shared Human Rights Norms and Military Conflict
Welcome Guests, or Inescapable Victims
Compliance with International Humanitarian Law
Poverty and Civil War Events
Restraint or Propellant? Democracy and Civilian Fatalities in Interstate Wars
Strategies and Tactics in Armed Conflict
To Kill or to Protect
Colonial War and the Democratic Peace
Democracy, Foreign Policy, and Terrorism
Ruthless Rulers
Individual Mobilization by Victims of Human Rights Abuse
Government-Sponsored Mass Killing and Civil War Reoccurrence
Information, Secrecy, and Civilian Targeting
Punching before the Bell Rings
Costly Concessions, Internally Divided Movements, and Strategic Repression
Shame on You
Power kills
Economic Growth and Social Equity in Developing Countries
Never at War
Grasping the Democratic Peace
Socio-Economic Development and Political Democracy
Democracy and Human Rights in Developing Countries
Modernization and political representation
Libertarian Propositions on Violence within and between Nations
Libertarianism, Violence within States, and the Polarity Principle
Issues in the Comparative Measurement of Political Democracy
Economic Growth and Social Equity in Developing Countries
Powerful Pacifists
| Unique citing works | 141 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,55 |
| Citation span | 1995 - 2026 (32) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 140 |