The Passive-Aggressive Voter
The Calculus of Casting an Invalid Vote in European Democracies
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6340893 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Mert Moral (0000-0001-6674-3198, Binghamton University, NY, USA, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2016 |
| Volume | 69 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 732-745 |
| Publication date | 2016-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Political Research Quarterly (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1065-9129 • E-ISSN: 1938-274X |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/1065912916662356 |
| OpenAlex | W2539256951 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 33 |
| References cited | 58 |
Invalid votes are often considered as simple failure to cast a valid vote. In fact, they might be a rational expression of discontent with party policy offerings. By employing individual and party system-level data on eighteen European party systems, this article focuses on voter discontent and voter apathy as two major determinants of casting an invalid vote and seeks to answer why some voters intentionally waste their votes despite paying the costs of voting. I find that higher distinct policy offerings decrease the probability of casting an invalid vote. However, voting behaviors of politically sophisticated and unsophisticated voters vary conditionally on the diversity of policy offerings and the cost of information. On one hand, when a party system offers a larger set of policy offerings, politically sophisticated voters become less likely to cast an invalid vote and more likely to support niche parties. On the other hand, sophisticated voters cannot deal with increasing cost of information, and are more likely to cast an invalid vote, especially in party systems with compulsory voting where the cost of nonvoting is higher
Bullet voting · Business · Contingent vote · Disapproval voting · Diversity (politics · Economics · Group voting ticket · Law and economics · Political science · Politics · Public economics · Spoilt vote · Voting · Electoral Systems and Political Participation · Gender Politics and Representation · Law · Political Influence and Corporate Strategies
What Affects Invalid Voting? A Review and Meta-Analysis
The blank ballot crisis
The protest voting behaviour among local voters in the 2020 Surakarta mayoral election
Casting an invalid vote at the 2017 French presidential election
Turning out but not voting
Party system polarization in developing democracies
Ballot spoilage as a response to limitations on choice and influence
Are Canadian Voting System Reform “Trade-Offs” Really Trade-Offs? Operationalizing Voting System Values and Assessing the Evidence
Policing perception
Party System Polarization, Citizenship, and Immigrant Party Allegiances in Western Europe
Do people make their votes count? An experimental study on voter errors and electoral systems
Lost votes, divided cities
An Empirical Analysis of Invalid Voting in Municipal Elections
Institutions or the Societal Setting? Explaining Invalid Voting in Local Elections in Sweden
Technology and protest
When Clientelism Backfires
Invalid Votes as Protest
Protesting via the Null Ballot
On the relationship between party polarization and citizen polarization
Protest at the ballot box
The politics of voter presence
Public policy and elections in authoritarian regimes
Who Counts, Counts
Where is the class bias attenuation? The consequences of adopting compulsory voting in Austria-Hungary in 1907
Who would vote Nota? Explaining a ‘none of the above’ choice in eight countries
More Options, but Less Willing to Cast a Valid Vote
A Taxonomy of Protest Voting
Ballot design and invalid votes
Protesting with the ballot
A dynamic model of the invalid vote
What Motivates People to Vote? The Role of Selfishness, Duty, and Social Motives When Voting
I Would Prefer Not To
Football activism as political contention
The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion
Making Votes Count
Party Competition between Unequals
The Silent Revolution
Mapping Policy Preferences
Contemporary Democracies
Losers' Consent
Explaining voter turnout
Forum
Associated with the Past
The impact of closeness on electoral participation exploiting the Italian double ballot system
Political Parties
Economic Theories of Voter Turnout
Cross-National Variation in the Political Sophistication of Individuals
Are Niche Parties Fundamentally Different from Mainstream Parties? The Causes and the Electoral Consequences of Western European Parties' Policy Shifts, 1976–1998
Throwing out the Bums
Changing Values among Western Publics from 1970 to 2006
The Voting Decision
Black Candidates and Black Voters
Voided Ballots in the 1996 Presidential Election
Political Institutions and Protest
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Roll-off Vote in New York State, 1948-1974
Compulsory Voting and the Turnout Decision Calculus
Who Overvotes, Who Undervotes, Using Punchcards? Evidence from Los Angeles County
Ignorance or Opposition? Blank and Spoiled Votes in Low-Information, Highly Politicized Environments
The Calculus of Voting in Compulsory Voting Systems
Electoral Rules and the Calculus of Mobilization
Where Do Distrusting Voters Turn if There is No Viable Exit or Voice Option? The Impact of Political Trust on Electoral Behaviour in the Belgian Regional Elections of June 2009
How Party System Fragmentation has Altered Political Opposition in Established Democracies
Research Note
The decline of citizen participation in electoral politics in post-authoritarian Chile
Effective” Number of Parties
How Context Matters? Mobilization, Political Opportunity Structures, and Nonelectoral Political Participation in Old and New Democracies
Incompetence, Alienation, or Calculation
Protest or Error? Informal Voting and Compulsory Voting
The Strategic Sources of Foreign Policy Substitution
Rational Choice and Turnout
When Politics and Models Collide
Measuring Political Knowledge
The Individual–Institutional Nexus of Protest Behaviour
Learning to Lose
Electoral Engineering and Cross-National Turnout Differences
Expressive Voting
Explaining Voter Turnout in Latin America, 1980 to 2000
Explaining political sophistication
Compulsory voting, party stability and electoral advantage in Australia
Determinants of invalid voting in Latin America
Rational Choice Theory and the Paradox of Not Voting
The Significance of Void Ballots in West German Elections
Social Pressure and Voter Turnout
Beyond SES
Strategic and Protest Voting for Third Parties
Political Institutions and Satisfaction with Democracy
A Theory of the Calculus of Voting
Unequal Participation
Competition Between Unequals
| Unique citing works | 33 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,67 |
| Citation span | 2017 - 2026 (10) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 33 |