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Measures and models of perceived group variability

Bibliographic Data

ID7887296
AuthorsB Park (0000-0003-3316-619X, University of Colorado System), Charles M Judd (0000-0001-6035-5602)
Year1990
Volume59
Issue2
Pages173-191
Publication date1990-08-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1037//0022-3514.59.2.173
OpenAlexW4244611266
LanguageEN
Citations received262
References cited16

Cognitive psychology · Group (periodic table · Group dynamic · Group structure · Perception · Psychotherapist · Social perception · Psychology · Social Psychology · Team Dynamics and Performance

  • Social stereotypes affect imprecision resolution across different tasks

    Open Access•Andrea Beltrama, Florian Schwarz•Semantics and Pragmatics•2024

  • Perceived Group Variability in Intergroup Relations

    Bertjan Doosje, Russell Spears et al.•European Review of Social…•1999

  • Social Categorization and the Representation of Variability Information

    B Park, Charles M Judd et al.•European Review of Social…•1991

  • Asymmetries in Judgements of Ingroup and Outgroup Variability

    Ton Devos, Thierry Devos et al.•European Review of Social…•1996

  • Group Identification, Intergroup Perceptions and Collective Action

    Caroline Kelly•European Review of Social…•1993

  • Changing people’s views of outgroups through individual-to-group generalisation

    Kylie Mcintyre, Stefania Paolini et al.•European Review of Social…•2016

  • Group Status and Perceptions of Homogeneity

    Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi•European Review of Social…•1998

  • The Primacy of the Ingroup

    Vincent Yzerbyt, Emanuele Castano et al.•European Review of Social…•2000

  • The ‘Black Sheep Effect’

    José M Marques, Dario Páez•European Review of Social…•1994

  • Revision and Change of Stereotypic Beliefs

    Miles Hewstone•European Review of Social…•1994

  • Perceived Group Variability and the Salience of Personal and Social Identity

    Alberto Voci•European Review of Social…•2000

  • The Group as a Basis for Emergent Stereotype Consensus

    Alexander Haslam, John Turner et al.•European Review of Social…•1997

  • Category-based vs. Person-based Perception in Intergroup Contexts

    Marilynn B Brewer•European Review of Social…•1998

  • Are vegans the same as vegetarians? The effect of diet on perceptions of masculinity

    Open Access•Margaret A Thomas•Appetite•2016

  • The effects of prejudice level and social influence strategy on powerful people's responding to racial out‐group members

    Open Access•Theresa K Vescio, Sarah J Gervai et al.•European Journal of Social…•2006

  • Ingroup bias and the ‘black sheep’ effect

    Open Access•José M Marques, Elisabete M Robalo et al.•European Journal of Social…•1992

  • Homogeneity perception as a reaction to identity threat

    Open Access•Minoru Karasawa, Kaori Karasawa et al.•European Journal of Social…•2004

  • On being more than just a part of the whole

    Open Access•Bernd Simon, Claudia Kulla et al.•European Journal of Social…•1995

  • Dealing with deviants

    Open Access•Esther Van Leeuwen, Marieke van den Bosch et al.•European Journal of Social…•2010

  • Majority — minority status and perceived ingroup variability revisited

    Open Access•Robert A Bartsch, Charles M Judd•European Journal of Social…•1993

  • On the asymmetry in the cognitive construal of ingroup and outgroup

    Open Access•Bernd Simon•European Journal of Social…•1993

  • Stereotyping and contact with social groups

    Open Access•Monica Biernat, Christian S Crandall•European Journal of Social…•1994

  • Stretching the boundaries

    Open Access•M Rubin, Miles Hewstone et al.•European Journal of Social…•2001

  • Attributions of intergroup bias and outgroup homogeneity to ingroup and outgroup others

    Open Access•Charles M Judd, B Park et al.•European Journal of Social…•2005

  • Intragroup differentiation in terms of ingroup and outgroup attributes

    Open Access•Bernd Simon•European Journal of Social…•1992

  • Contextual determinants of strategic choice

    Open Access•Diederik A Stapel, Stephen Reicher et al.•European Journal of Social…•1995

  • Group entitativity and similarity

    Open Access•Sara A Crump, David L Hamilton et al.•European Journal of Social…•2010

  • Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups

    Thomas M Ostrom, Constantine Sedikides•Psychological Bulletin•1992

  • Seeing Media as Group Members

    Open Access•Natalie Jomini Stroud, Ashley Muddiman et al.•Journal of Communication•2014

  • Processing attitude statements from in-group and out-group members

    Roos Vonk, Ad Van Knippenberg•Journal of Personality and Social…•1995

  • Improving Public Opinion Surveys

    John H Aldrich, Kathleen M Mcgraw•Improving Public Opinion Surveys•2011

  • Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

    Open Access•Blake M Riek, Eric W Mania et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2006

  • Intergroup Relations

    Open Access•Vincent Yzerbyt, Stéphanie Demoulin•Handbook of Social Psychology•2010

  • Heuristics and Biases

    Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin et al.•Heuristics and biases•2012

  • Frenemies

    Jaime E Settle•Frenemies•2018

  • The weighing of evidence and the determinants of confidence

    Open Access•Dale W Griffin, Dale Griffin et al.•Cognitive Psychology•1992

  • Bad Is Stronger Than Good for Stigmatized, but Not Admired Outgroups

    Open Access•Стефаниа Паолини, Kylie Mcintyre•Personality and Social Psychology…•2019

  • The association between psychological distance and construal level

    Yoav Bar-Anan, Nira Liberman et al.•Journal of Experimental…•2006

  • Perceiving persons and groups.

    David L Hamilton, Steven J Sherman•Psychological Review•1996

  • Intergroup relations

    Diane M Mackie, Eliot R Smith•Psychological Review•1998

  • Individual differences in reasoning

    Open Access•Keith E Stanovich, Richard F West•Behavioral and Brain Sciences•2000

  • Definition and assessment of accuracy in social stereotypes.

    Charles M Judd, B Park•Psychological Review•1993

  • Representativeness Revisited

    Open Access•Daniel Kahneman, Shane Frederick•Heuristics and biases•2002

  • Clinical Versus Actuarial Judgment

    Open Access•Robyn M Dawes, David Faust et al.•Science•1989

  • Rethinking the Link Between Categorization and Prejudice Within the Social Cognition Perspective

    Open Access•B Park, Charles M Judd•Personality and Social Psychology…•2005

  • The Psychology of Transcending the Here and Now

    Open Access•Nira Liberman, Yaacov Trope•Science•2008

  • Support theory

    Amos Tversky, Derek J Koehler•Psychological Review•1994

  • Multiple Social Categorization

    Richard J Crisp, Richard Crisp et al.•Advances in Experimental Social…•2007

  • Temporal construal.

    Yaacov Trope, Nira Liberman•Psychological Review•2003

  • Mass Polarization Across Time and Space

    Isaac D Mehlhaff•Mass Polarization Across Time and…•2025

  • Effects of group membership and identification on categorization and subtyping in memory

    Open Access•Mariette Van Twuyver, Ad Van Knippenberg•European Journal of Social…•1998

  • Perceptions of attitudinal similarity in ethnic groups in the U.S

    Open Access•Suzanne C Thompson, JEFFREY C KOHLES et al.•European Journal of Social…•1997

  • The effects of group membership and social context on information organization

    Open Access•Heather Young, Ad Van Knippenberg et al.•European Journal of Social…•1997

  • Creating stereotypes and capturing their content

    Open Access•Monica Biernat, Christian S Crandall•European Journal of Social…•1996

  • Influence of student exchange on national stereotypes, attitudes and perceived group variability

    Open Access•Charles Stangor, Klaus Jonas et al.•European Journal of Social…•1996

  • Perceptions of Gender Group Variability in Majority and Minority Contexts

    Miles Hewstone, Richard J Crisp et al.•Social Psychology•2011

  • Effects of Framing Counter-Stereotypes as Surprising on Rethinking Prior Opinions About Outgroups

    Open Access•Renana Atia, Meital Balmas et al.•Media Psychology•2026

  • Structure learning principles of stereotype change

    Open Access•Samuel J Gershman, Mina Cikara•Psychonomic Bulletin & Review•2023

  • Perceived Variability as a Video-Media Prejudice Reduction Intervention

    Wing Hsieh, Nicholas Faulkner et al.•Basic and Applied Social Psychology•2022

  • Inconceivable Middle-Class Black Space

    Open Access•Caitlyn Yantis, Courtney M Bonam•Personality and Social Psychology…•2021

  • Vegan stereotypes and person perception in a job application situation – differences depending on the type of job and the gender of the candidate

    Open Access•Dominika Adamczyk, Dominika Maison•The Journal of Social Psychology•2023

  • Stereotypes and self-fulfilling prophecies in the Bayesian brain

    Open Access•Daniel Villiger•Inquiry•2025

  • Folk Beliefs About Human Genetic Variation Predict Discrete Versus Continuous Racial Categorization and Evaluative Bias

    Open Access•Jason E Plaks, Lori Wu Malahy et al.•Social Psychological and…•2012

  • Vicarious Shame and Guilt

    Open Access•Brian Lickel, Toni Schmader et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2005

  • Tokens in the Tower

    Open Access•Miles Hewstone, Richard J Crisp et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2006

  • Intergroup Contact

    Open Access•Christopher Wolsko, B Park et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2003

  • The Asymmetrical Perception of Men and Women

    Open Access•Heather Young, Ad Van Knippenberg et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•1999

  • The Impact of a Passing Reference to Race on Perceptions of Out-Group Differentiation

    Open Access•Eaaron I Henderson-King, Eaaron Henderson‐King•Group Processes & Intergroup…•1999

  • Separating Status from Power as an Antecedent of Intergroup Perception

    Open Access•Jennifer G Boldry, Lowell Gaertner•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2006

  • Effects of Stereotypes and Outcome Dependency on the Processing of Information about Group Members

    Open Access•Laura M Bogart, Carey S Ryan et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•1999

  • Intergroup Perceptual Accuracy Predicts Real-Life Intergroup Interactions

    Open Access•Qiong Li, Ying-Yi Hong•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2001

  • Measuring the Measures

    Open Access•Jennifer G Boldry, Lowell Gaertner et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2007

  • Invisible middle-class Black space

    Open Access•Courtney M Bonam, Courtney Bonam et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2018

  • Stereotypes as Shared Beliefs

    Open Access•Minoru Karasawa, Nobuko Asai et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2007

  • Being in the Outgroup Territory Increases Stereotypic Perceptions of Outgroups

    Open Access•Ana Guinote, Susan T Fiske•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2003

  • When Do We Communicate Stereotypes? Influence of the Social Context on the Linguistic Expectancy Bias

    Open Access•Daniël Wigboldus, Daniël H J Wigboldus et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2005

  • Category Boundaries Can Be Accentuated Without Increasing Intergroup Bias

    Open Access•David M Deffenbacher, B Park et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2009

  • Contextual Variation in Stereotype Content

    Open Access•Mark Bennett, Mark K Bennett et al.•Social Development•2006

  • Developmental differences in baserate estimates of social behaviors and attitudes

    Open Access•Janis E Jacobs, Jessica P Greenwald et al.•Social Development•1995

  • Gender Stereotypes Influence How People Explain Gender Disparities in the Workplace

    Open Access•Jessica L Cundiff, Theresa K Vescio•Sex Roles•2016

  • Gender Differences in Social Dominance Orientation

    Open Access•Rob Foels, Landon D Reid•Sex Roles•2010

  • The Stereotypical Computer Scientist

    Open Access•Sapna Cheryan, Victoria C Plaut et al.•Sex Roles•2013

  • Ambiguity and Self-Evaluation

    Open Access•David Dunning, Judith A Meyerowitz et al.•Heuristics and biases•2002

  • The Affect Heuristic

    Open Access•Paul Slovic, Melissa L Finucane et al.•Heuristics and biases•2002

  • Optimal Distinctiveness Theory

    Geoffrey J Leonardelli, Cynthia L Pickett et al.•Advances In Experimental Social…•2010

  • A sociolinguistic approach to implicit language attitudes towards historically white English accents among young L1 South African indigenous language speakers

    Pedro Álvarez-Mosquera, Alejandro Marín-Gutiérrez•International Journal of the…•2019

  • Peer group cultures and social identity

    Open Access•Nigel Sherriff•British Educational Research…•2007

  • Cross-National Outgroup Homogeneity

    Open Access•Robert A Bartsch, Charles M Judd et al.•South African Journal of Psychology•1997

  • How alike is it versus how likely is it

    Maya Bar-Hillel, Maya Bar‐Hillel et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1993

  • Creeping dispositionism

    Shiri Nussbaum, Yaacov Trope et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003

  • Stereotypes and social judgment

    Alan J Lambert•Journal of Personality and Social…•1995

  • When subjective experiences matter

    Mario Weick, Ana Guinote•Journal of Personality and Social…•2008

  • Perceived covariation among the features of ingroup and outgroup members

    Patricia W Linville, Gregory W Fischer et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1996

  • Unique individual or interchangeable group member? The accentuation of intragroup differences versus similarities as an indicator of the individual self versus the collective self

    Bernd Simon, Giuseppe Pantaleo et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1995

  • Perceiving groups

    L Taylor Phillips, Michael L Slepian et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2018

  • Structural properties of stereotypic knowledge and their influences on the construal of social situations

    Bernd Wittenbrink, Pamela L Gist et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1997

  • Evidence for egocentric comparison in social judgment

    David Dunning, Andrew F Hayes•Journal of Personality and Social…•1996

  • Ambiguity and self-evaluation

    David Dunning, Judith A Meyerowitz et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1989

  • Differential processing of in-group and out-group information

    Thomas M Ostrom, Sandra Carpenter et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1993

  • Development and representation of personality impressions

    Jeffrey W Sherman, Stanley B Klein•Journal of Personality and Social…•1994

  • Social identity and intergroup relations

    Henri Tajfel•Social identity and intergroup…•1982

  • Perceived Variability of Personal Characteristics in In-Groups and Out-Groups

    Open Access•Edward E Jones, G Christopher Wood et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•1981

  • On the genesis of abstract ideas.

    Michael I Posner, Steven W Keele•Journal of Experimental…•1968

  • Norm theory

    Daniel Kahneman, Dale T Miller•Psychological Review•1986

  • Pattern recognition and categorization

    Open Access•Stephen K Reed•Cognitive Psychology•1972

  • Judgments of frequency and recognition memory in a multiple-trace memory model.

    Douglas L Hintzman•Psychological Review•1988

  • Context theory of classification learning.

    Douglas L Medin, Marguerite M Schaffer•Psychological Review•1978

  • Prejudice, discrimination, and racism

    John F Dovidio, Samuel L Gaertner•Prejudice, discrimination, and…•1986

  • An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict

    Henri Tajfel, John Turner•Organizational identity•2000

  • Perceived intragroup homogeneity in minority-majority contexts

    Bernd Simon, Rupert Brown•Journal of Personality and Social…•1987

  • Perception of variability in category development

    B Park, Reid Hastie•Journal of Personality and Social…•1987

  • Out-group homogeneity

    Charles M Judd, B Park•Journal of Personality and Social…•1988

  • The perception of variability within in-groups and out-groups

    George A Quattrone, Edward E Jones•Journal of Personality and Social…•1980

  • Perception of out-group homogeneity and levels of social categorization

    B Park, Myron Rothbart•Journal of Personality and Social…•1982

  • Perceived distributions of the characteristics of in-group and out-group members

    Patricia W Linville, Gregory W Fischer et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1989

  • Polarized appraisals of out-group members

    Patricia W Linville, Edward E Jones•Journal of Personality and Social…•1980

Unique citing works162
Citations per year7,08
Citation span1989 - 2026 (38)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 233

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