Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Filipino Americans and racism

A multiple mediation model of coping

Bibliographic Data

ID8072018
AuthorsAlvin N Alvarez (corresponding author), Linda Juang (0000-0002-0308-6378)
Year2010
Volume57
Issue2
Pages167-178
Publication date2010-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Counseling Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-0167 • E-ISSN: 1939-2168
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1037/a0019091
PMID21133568
OpenAlexW1992472235
LanguageEN
Citations received46
References cited23

Although the literature on Asian Americans and racism has been emerging, few studies have examined how coping influences one's encounters with racism. To advance the literature, the present study focused on the psychological impact of Filipino Americans' experiences with racism and the role of coping as a mediator using a community-based sample of adults (N = 199). Two multiple mediation models were used to examine the mediating effects of active, avoidance, support-seeking, and forbearance coping on the relationship between perceived racism and psychological distress and self-esteem, respectively. Separate analyses were also conducted for men and women given differences in coping utilization. For men, a bootstrap procedure indicated that active, support-seeking, and avoidance coping were mediators of the relationship between perceived racism and psychological distress. Active coping was negatively associated with psychological distress, whereas both support seeking and avoidance were positively associated with psychological distress. A second bootstrap procedure for men indicated that active and avoidance coping mediated the relationship between perceived racism and self-esteem such that active coping was positively associated with self-esteem, and avoidance was negatively associated with self-esteem. For women, only avoidance coping had a significant mediating effect that was associated with elevations in psychological distress and decreases in self-esteem. The results highlight the importance of examining the efficacy of specific coping responses to racism and the need to differentiate between the experiences of men and women

Avoidance coping · Coping (psychology · Distress · Mental health · Psychological distress · Psychotherapist · Racism · Self-esteem · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development · Migration, Health and Trauma · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Clinical Psychology

  • Development and validation of a Coping with Discrimination Scale

    Meifen Wei, Alvin N Alvarez et al.•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2010

  • “I'm sick of being called a hero – I want to get paid like one”

    Open Access•Cindy Sangalang•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • How principal leadership facilitates teacher learning through teacher leadership

    Open Access•Hui-Ling Wendy Pan, Wen-Yan Chen•Educational Management…•2021

  • A Literature Review of the Measurement of Coping with Stigmatization and Discrimination

    Sara Partow, Roger Cook et al.•Basic and Applied Social Psychology•2021

  • Sleep Facilitates Coping

    Open Access•Yijie Wang, Pierre Cambon et al.•Child Development•2020

  • Revisiting and Extending the Role of Religious Coping in the Racism-Mental Health Relation among Christian, Asian American Students

    Open Access•Paul Y Kim•Journal of Psychology and Theology•2017

  • Differential Associations of Religious Involvement with the Mental Health of Asian-American Subgroups

    Open Access•Amy L Ai, Hoa B Appel et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2016

  • Perceived Discrimination and Dropout Intentions of Underrepresented Minority Students in Engineering Degrees

    Open Access•Rosó Baltà‐Salvador, Noelia Olmedo Torre et al.•IEEE Transactions on Education•2022

  • Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and psychological outcomes among adult international adoptees in Finland

    Maarit Koskinen, Marko Elovainio et al.•American Journal of Orthopsychiatry•2015

  • Racial discrimination stress, coping, and depressive symptoms among Asian Americans

    Meifen Wei, P Paul Heppner et al.•Asian American Journal of…•2010

  • Family, school, and neighborhood

    Linda Juang, Alvin N Alvarez•Asian American Journal of…•2011

  • Annual review of Asian American psychology, 2010

    Sumie Okazaki, Ahmed M Kassem et al.•Asian American Journal of…•2011

  • Discrimination in In-Patient Geriatric Care

    Open Access•Nazan Ulusoy, Anja Schablon•International Journal of…•2020

  • Experiences of Stress and Help-Seeking Behaviors in Filipino Americans

    Open Access•Stacey Diane Arañez Litam, Christian D Chan et al.•International Journal for the…•2022

  • Coping with Stigma

    Open Access•Pankaj Bharti, K Verma et al.•Psychological Studies•2024

  • The Relationship Between Critical Ethnic Awareness and Racial Discrimination

    Open Access•Isok Kim•Journal of the Society for Social…•2013

  • Unpacking children’s picturebooks about Filipino American culture

    Su-Jeong Wee, Ya‐Fen Lo et al.•Diaspora Indigenous and Minority…•2025

  • A Comparative Study of Coping Strategies and Optimism among Korean, Korean-American, and Caucasian American Older Men

    HeeSoon Lee, Derek Mason•Journal of Ethnic & Cultural…•2015

  • Individual and collective coping with racial discrimination

    Open Access•Weiting Tao, Jo-Yun Li et al.•New Media & Society•2022

  • Rumination partially mediates the associations between perceived ethnic discrimination, emotional distress, and aggression

    Ashley Borders, Christopher T H Liang•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2011

  • Excluded and avoided

    Sara Houshmand, Lisa B Spanierman et al.•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2014

  • Racialization, Othering, and Coping Among Adult International Adoptees in Finland

    Maarit Koskinen, Maarit G Koskinen•Adoption Quarterly•2014

  • The Mental Health Toll of Covid-19

    Open Access•Soyoung Kwon, Shannon Shen•Social Indicators Research•2025

  • Coping with Discrimination from Peers and Adults

    Open Access•Jessica P Montoro, Jessica E Kilday et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2021

  • Intimate racism from one's partner in young intercultural couples

    Open Access•Maya A Yampolsky, Alessandra Rossini et al.•Journal of Social Issues•2023

  • Asian American and Pacific Islander Students

    Open Access•Valerie Ooka Pang, Peggy P Han et al.•Educational Researcher•2011

  • Racial Discrimination and Experience of New Possibilities Among Chinese International Students

    Open Access•Pei‐Chun Tsai, Pei-Chun Tsai et al.•The Counseling Psychologist•2018

  • Coping, Racial Discrimination, and Psychological Distress Among Asian American Parents

    Open Access•Annie Fanta, Kailee Kodama Muscente et al.•The Counseling Psychologist•2023

  • Perception of Subtle Racism

    Open Access•Hsin-Ya Liao, Ying-Yi Hong et al.•The Counseling Psychologist•2016

  • The DRUID study

    Open Access•Yin Paradies, Yin C Paradies et al.•BMC Public Health•2012

  • Development and validation of the Enculturation Scale for Filipino Americans

    Alicia M Del Prado, A Timothy Church•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2010

  • Associations of ethnic/racial discrimination with internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors among juvenile justice ‐ involved youth of color

    Open Access•Aerika Brittian Loyd, Anna Hotton et al.•Journal of Adolescence•2019

  • What Mediates the Relationship Between Ethnic Discrimination and Stress? Coping Strategies and Perceived Social Support of Russian Immigrants in Germany

    Open Access•Andreas Goreis, Frank Asbrock et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2020

  • Colonial Mentality and Mental Health Help‐Seeking of Filipino Americans

    Open Access•Victor E Tuazon, Edith Gonzalez et al.•Journal of Counseling & Development•2019

  • Role of identity integration on the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and psychological adjustment of multiracial people

    Kelly F Jackson, Hyung Chol Yoo et al.•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2012

  • Relationship between perceived discrimination and loneliness among transgender

    Open Access•Shahida Sadiq, Aneeza Bashir•International Journal of Research…•2014

  • Perceived Discrimination, Coping Strategies, and Mexican Origin Adolescents' Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors

    Aerika S Brittian, Aerika Brittian Loyd et al.•Applied Developmental Science•2013

  • The effects of perceived racism on psychological distress mediated by venting and disengagement coping in Native Hawaiians

    Open Access•Joseph Keawe‘aimoku Kaholokula, Mapuana Ck Antonio et al.•BMC Psychology•2017

  • The DRUID study

    Open Access•Yin Paradies, Yin C Paradies et al.•Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric…•2010

  • What support

    Open Access•Sherry Wang, Sherry C Wang et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • Unpacking the linkages between beliefs and behavioural intention for curriculum reform

    Open Access•Hui-Ling Wendy Pan, Wen-Yan Chen•Educational Management…•2025

  • What motivates teachers to lead? Examining the effects of perceived role expectations and role identities on teacher leadership behaviour

    Open Access•Wen-Yan Chen•Educational Management…•2025

  • Acculturation, Enculturation, Perceived Racism, and Psychological Symptoms Among Asian American College Students

    Open Access•Saul G Alamilla, Bryan S K Kim et al.•Journal of Multicultural…•2017

  • Racial Microaggressions and the Filipino American Experience

    Open Access•Kevin L Nadal, Kara Mia Vigilia Escobar et al.•Journal of Multicultural…•2012

  • Do Religious Struggles Mediate the Association between Day-to-Day Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms

    Open Access•T D Hill, Terrence Hill et al.•Religions•2017

  • Coping While Black

    Open Access•Jonathan M Cox, Anaïs Toussaint et al.•Journal of Racial and Ethnic…•2024

  • Cultural diversity and mental health

    Open Access•Jame, Susan James et al.•Clinical Psychology Review•2002

  • Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models

    Open Access•Kristopher J Preacher, Andrew F Hayes•Behavior Research Methods•2008

  • Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Health

    David R Williams, Harold W Neighbors et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2003

  • The role of coping in the relationship between perceived racism and racism-related stress for Asian Americans

    Christopher T H Liang, Alvin N Alvarez et al.•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2007

  • Trajectories of perceived adult and peer discrimination among Black, Latino, and Asian American adolescents

    Melissa L Greene, Niobe Way et al.•Developmental Psychology•2006

  • Do ethnic identity and other-group orientation protect against discrimination for Asian Americans

    Raymond M Lee•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2003

  • Ethnic Identity and Approach-Type Coping as Moderators of the Racial Discrimination/Well-Being Relation in Asian Americans

    Hyung Chol Yoo, Raymond M Lee•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2005

  • Strangers still? The experience of discrimination among Chinese Americans

    Open Access•Sharon G Goto, Gilbert Gee et al.•Journal of Community Psychology•2002

  • A Daily Diary Study of Mental Health and Community Involvement Outcomes for Three Chinese American Social Identities

    Tiffany Yip, W E Cro•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2004

  • Moderating effects of three coping strategies and self-esteem on perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms

    Meifen Wei, Tsun‐Yao Ku et al.•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2008

  • Social Support as a Buffer for Perceived Unfair Treatment Among Filipino Americans

    Gilbert Gee, Gilbert C Gee et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2006

  • The Colonial Mentality Scale (CMS) for Filipino Americans

    E J R David, Sumie Okazaki•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2006

  • On both sides of the hyphen

    Ma Teresa G Tuason, Ma Teresa Tuason et al.•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2007

  • Asian Americans and racism

    Alvin N Alvarez, Linda Juang et al.•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2006

  • Perceived Discrimination and Depression

    Samuel Noh, Violet Kaspar•American Journal of Public Health•2003

  • A Nationwide Study of Discrimination and Chronic Health Conditions Among Asian Americans

    Gilbert Gee, Gilbert C Gee et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2007

  • The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research

    Reuben M Baron, D A Kenny•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986

  • A multidimensional conceptualization of racism-related stress

    Shelly P Harrell•American Journal of Orthopsychiatry•2000

  • The association between self-reported racial discrimination and 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders among Asian Americans nationwide

    Open Access•Gilbert Gee, Gilbert C Gee et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2007

  • Perceived Racial Discrimination, Depression, and Coping

    Samuel Noh, Morton Beiser et al.•Journal of Health and Social…•1999

  • Coping with Perceived Discrimination

    Krysia N Mossakowski•Journal of Health and Social…•2003

  • Coping with racial discrimination

    Wen H Kuo•Ethnic and Racial Studies•1995

Unique citing works46
Citations per year2,88
Citation span2010 - 2025 (16)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 46

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae