Development and validation of the Internalized Racial Oppression Scale for Black individuals
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 8095857 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Tamba-Kuii M Bailey (0000-0001-6651-5996, corresponding author), Y Barry Chung, Wendi S Williams, Anneliese A Singh (0000-0001-5606-962X), Heather K Terrell |
| Year | 2011 |
| Volume | 58 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 481-493 |
| Publication date | 2011-07-05 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Counseling Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-0167 • E-ISSN: 1939-2168 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1037/a0023585 |
| PMID | 21728412 |
| OpenAlex | W2149987885 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 40 |
| References cited | 13 |
This article describes the development and validation of the Internalized Racial Oppression Scale (IROS) for Black individuals in 2 studies using a total sample of 468 Black college students. The IROS is intended to measure the degree to which racial oppression is internalized and replicated by Black individuals in the United States. An exploratory factor analysis suggested a five-factor solution: Belief in the Biased Representation of History (BRH), Devaluation of the African Worldview and Motifs (DAW), Alteration of Physical Appearance (APA), Internalization of Negative Stereotypes (INS), and Hair Change (HC). Confirmatory factory analysis supported an adequate model fit of a four-factor model: BRH, APA, INS, and HC. All factors of the IROS were positively correlated with the Pre-Encounter subscale of the Racial Identity Attitude Scale (RIAS-B; J. E. Helms & T. A. Parham, 1996), and 4 of the factors were negatively correlated with the Immersion/Emersion subscale of the RIAS-B. Four factors of the IROS were negatively correlated with all subscales and total scores of the African Self-Consciousness Scale (J. A. Baldwin & Y. R. Bell, 1985). These results provide some support of the validity of the IROS
Confirmatory factor analysis · Developmental psychology · Exploratory factor analysis · Oppression · Psychometrics · Scale (ratio · Structural equation modeling · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development · Higher Education Research Studies · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 40 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,64 |
| Citation span | 2015 - 2026 (12) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 40 |