Varieties of neutrality
Norm revision and decline
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 8911541 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jessica L Beyer (0000-0002-4379-5080, corresponding author), Stephanie C Hofmann (0000-0003-0045-8356) |
| Year | 2011 |
| Volume | 46 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 285-311 |
| Publication date | 2011-09-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Cooperation and Conflict (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0010-8367 • E-ISSN: 1460-3691 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0010836711416956 |
| OpenAlex | W2074734540 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 22 |
| References cited | 90 |
With the end of the Cold War, the neutral countries of Austria, Finland, Ireland and Sweden have grappled with the question of what their neutrality means in relation to membership in the European Union’s (EU) Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) Partnership for Peace (PfP). The concept of neutrality has continued to inform the foreign and security policies of these four neutral EU members to varying degrees, but what explains these ‘varieties of neutrality’ and what does neutrality mean in relation to membership in the EU’s CSDP and NATO’s PfP? In this article, the primary focus is on neutrality as a norm. Understanding neutrality as a norm helps clarify how neutrality becomes embedded in national identity, what it shows about the interactions between domestic belief systems and international security conditions over time, and how the definition of a norm can be revised to allow for desired policy choices. To this end, the article asserts that there are four interrelated factors key to explaining how and why each state modified its interpretation of neutrality vis-à-vis international military institutions such as NATO, and the CSDP: the reason for and timing of institutionalizing neutrality (coerced or voluntary), the form of institutionalization ( de jure or de facto), political elite opinion and public opinion/belief
Credibility · Economics · European union · Foreign policy · International relations · International trade · Law and economics · Neutrality · Norm (philosophy · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Sovereignty · Territorial integrity · Treaty · European Union Policy and Governance · International Relations and Foreign Policy · Law · Peacebuilding and International Security · Public Administration
Between Forbearance and Audacity
The polycrisis and EU security and defence competences
Understandings of neutrality and its origins in young Austrian adults
Defense College(s) based in the European Union and their contributions to the development of the common security and defense policy
Resolving international border disputes
Building integrity
Varieties of international co-operation
Why do secondary states choose to support, follow or challenge
The Philippines in the face of the Ukraine–Russia War
The limits of state-led norm entrepreneurship
Crypto-Atlanticism
Good Neighbourly Relations
The impact of Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine on public perceptions of EU security and defence integration
Reaching a vanishing point? Reflections on the future of neutrality norms in Sweden and Finland
An existential threat in the North
Introduction
Permanent neutrality
Upside down
To what ends? Governmental interests and European Union (non-) intervention in Chad and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Holding the line
(Re-)Setting the World Stage
Values and Identities in Ireland's Peace Policy
The foreign policies of European Union member states
Small States in World Politics
The Supreme Court, 1982 Term
Rationalism v. Constructivism
The culture of national security
The inequality of states
Veto Players
The Purpose of Intervention
Norms in International Relations
Small States in World Markets
After Hegemony
Security Strategy and Transatlantic Relations
Back to the Future
Rules, Norms, and Decisions
Cooperation among Democracies
Handbook of International Relations
Modern Welfare States
Markets and Moral Regulation
Social Theory of International Politics
International Security in Practice
Neutrality and Statebuilding in Sweden
The Discursive Construction of National Identity
The Power of Human Rights
Balancing against threats or bandwagoning with power? Europe and the transatlantic relationship after the Cold War
Rules, Norms, and Decisions. On the Conditions of Practical and Legal Reasoning in International Relations and Domestic Affairs
Western European micro-states and EU autonomous regions
The Stability of a Unipolar World
Back to the Future
Bandwagoning for Profit
Finnish Neutrality
Not such a soft power
The Other Powers
The Power of Small States
Between the Blocs
The Other Powers
Balance of Power
Foreign policies of Northern Europe
The Power of Small States
The committed neutral
Microstates in World Affairs
Between the Blocs
Markets and Moral Regulation
Small States in International Politics
The Power Politics of Peace
Normative Europeanization
Coming Home or Moving Home
Free or Forced Riders
Adjustment Strategy of a Non-Member
Neutrality Norms and the Balance of Power
The interplay of geopolitics and historical lessons in foreign policy
From Nordic neutrals to post-neutral Europeans
The Paradox of Weak State Power
The Nordic States and European Unity
Austria in the international Arena
International Institutions and Socialization in Europe
Weak states in the international system
Theory of international politics
Size and Foreign Policy Behavior
Learning, Realism, and Alliances
The Constructive Turn in International Relations Theory
The Swedish model of security policy
Analytic Eclecticism in the Study of World Politics
Stretching the IR Theoretical Spectrum on Irish Neutrality
Transforming International Regimes
Institutional Assets and Adaptability
International Norm Dynamics and Political Change
Ideas do not float freely
The behavior of the ministates in the United Nations, 1971–1972
The Nuclear Taboo
Reconsidering the Aggregate Relationship between Size, Economic Development, and Some Types of Foreign Policy Behavior
From Nato to ESDP
Irish Political Parties' Attitudes towards Neutrality and the Evolution of the EU's Foreign, Security and Defence Policies
Dynamics of International Norm Change
Norms, culture, and world politics
The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders
How Ideas Spread
The Finnish Dilemma
Weak States in the International System
International Co-operation and Neutrality
| Unique citing works | 22 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,57 |
| Citation span | 2012 - 2026 (15) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 22 |