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Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy Practices and Human Caring Science

Toward a Care-Informed Model of Treatment

Bibliographic Data

ID9057893
AuthorsAndrew D Penn (0000-0001-5552-7078, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, corresponding author), Janis Phelps (California Institute of Integral Studies), William E Rosa (0000-0002-0680-8911, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA), Jean Watson (0000-0003-1777-7636, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA)
Year2024
Volume64
Issue4
Pages592-617
Publication date2024-07-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Humanistic Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-1678 • E-ISSN: 1552-650X
PublisherSAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/00221678211011013
OpenAlexW3159796563
LanguageEN
Citations received6
References cited41

Psychedelic therapies intentionally combine a caring/healing environment, psychotherapy, and psychedelic medicine as a powerful means of treating intractable conditions of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. This article utilizes the nursing theory of human caring science, as articulated by Jean Watson, to describe the essential and fundamental human caring qualities in psychedelic therapy. By mapping these qualities onto the traits of a psychedelic therapist, articulated by Janis Phelps and illustrating them with qualitative, exemplar data from a psilocybin assisted therapy study, we have created a nursing-informed philosophical theoretical framework with which to begin to examine questions related to trust enhancement between patient and therapist, therapeutic communication of openness to patient experiences, mutual learning between therapist and patient, the influence spiritual or psychedelic practices of the therapist on outcomes, optimizing therapeutic healing environments, and care of the physical body during psychedelic therapy sessions. This article is intended to identify themes and generate hypotheses for future nursing-informed psychedelic psychotherapy research

Alternative medicine · Hallucinogen · Openness to experience · Psilocybin · Psychiatry · Psychotherapist · Therapeutic touch · Watson · Chemical synthesis and alkaloids · Diverse academic research themes · Medicine · Psychedelics and Drug Studies · Psychology · Social Psychology

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    Open Access•Achille Bonito Oliva, M Earleywine et al.•Journal of Psychedelic Studies•2024

  • Co-design of Guidance for Patient and Public Involvement in Psychedelic Research

    Open Access•James B Close, Julia Bornemann et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2021

  • Evaluation of a facilitator training program in a randomized controlled trial of psilocybin treatment for depression

    Open Access•Nikita Sanati Morel, Dea Siggaard Stenbæk et al.•BMC Medical Education•2026

  • Expectancies for Subjective and Antidepressant Effects in Psilocybin Users

    Open Access•M Earleywine, Maha N Mian et al.•Journal of Humanistic Psychology•2023

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    Open Access•Michael James Winkelman•Journal of Psychedelic Studies•2025

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  • Human hallucinogen research

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  • Emotional breakthrough and psychedelics

    Open Access•Leor Roseman, Eline Haijen et al.•Journal of Psychopharmacology•2019

  • Pilot Study of Psilocybin Treatment for Anxiety in Patients With Advanced-Stage Cancer

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    Open Access•Stephen Ro, Stephen Ross et al.•Journal of Psychopharmacology•2016

  • Psychedelic therapy for smoking cessation

    Open Access•T Noorani, Albert Garcia-Romeu et al.•Journal of Psychopharmacology•2018

  • LSD-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with a life-threatening disease

    Open Access•Peter Gasser, Katharina Kirchner et al.•Journal of Psychopharmacology•2015

  • Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression

    Open Access•Robin L Carhart-Harris, Mark Bolstridge et al.•The Lancet Psychiatry•2016

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  • The use of the psychological flexibility model to support psychedelic assisted therapy

    Open Access•Rosalind Watts, Jason B Luoma•Journal of Contextual Behavioral…•2019

  • A Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Trials of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy

    Jason B Luoma, Christina Chwyl et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2020

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  • Perceived Benefits of MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy beyond Symptom Reduction

    William P Barone, William Barone et al.•Journal of Psychoactive Drugs•2019

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    Open Access•Rosalind Watts, Camilla Day et al.•Journal of Humanistic Psychology•2017

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    Open Access•Janis Phelps•Journal of Humanistic Psychology•2017

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  • Cancer at the Dinner Table

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  • Awe, the small self, and prosocial behavior

    Paul K Piff, Pia Dietze et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2015

Unique citing works6
Citations per year1,2
Citation span2021 - 2026 (6)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 5

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