The Long-run Effect of 9/11
Terrorism, Backlash, and the Assimilation of Muslim Immigrants in the West
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 9708855 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Eric D Gould (0000-0001-6564-2168, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, IZA and CEPR), Esteban F Klor (0000-0002-6756-0825, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and CEPR) |
| Year | 2016 |
| Volume | 126 |
| Issue | 597 |
| Pages | 2064-2114 |
| Publication date | 2016-11-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | The Economic Journal (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0013-0133 • E-ISSN: 1468-0297 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1111/ecoj.12219 |
| OpenAlex | W3123781938 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 34 |
| References cited | 52 |
This article investigates whether the 9/11 attacks affected the assimilation rate of Muslims in the US. Terror attacks by Islamic groups are likely to induce a backlash against Muslims, thereby raising their costs of assimilation. We find that Muslim immigrants living in states with the sharpest increase in hate crimes also exhibit: greater chances of marrying within their own ethnic group; higher fertility; lower female labour force participation; and lower English proficiency. These findings shed light on the increasing use of terror and concurrent rise in social tensions surrounding Muslim immigrants in the West
Assimilation (phonology · Backlash · Demographic economics · Economics · Ethnic group · Geography · Immigration · Islam · Political science · Terrorism · Culture, Economy, and Development Studies · Law · Religion and Society Interactions · Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Backlash
Belonging or estrangement—The European Refugee Crisis and its effects on immigrant identity
Refugees welcome? Understanding the regional heterogeneity of anti-refugee hate crime
Inter-Ethnic Dynamics in the Wake of Terrorist Attacks
Contagious Animosity in the Field
Punishing or rallying ‘round the flag? Heterogeneous effects of terrorism in South Tyrol
Immigration Status Uncertainty and Mental Health—Evidence from Brexit
Changing Boundaries of Whiteness? Demographic and Social Determinants of Middle Eastern and North African Marriage Trends in the United States
Exposure to Islamophobia
Challenges and Social Vulnerabilities for Romanian Seasonal Workers in Germany During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Contagion effect of migration fear in pre and European refugee’s crisis period
Hate crime in a traditionally homogeneous society
Not All Terror Is Alike
Terrorism and the integration of Muslim immigrants
Public sentiment in times of terror
The Day After the Bomb
Austerity, welfare cuts and hate crime
Security policy preferences of EU citizens
Party leaders and voter responses to political terrorism
Will you still trust me tomorrow? The causal effect of terrorism on social trust
Salience Shifts and Managerial Discretion
Institutional discrimination and assimilation
Anti-refugee Violence and Social Marginalization of Refugees
Not Black-Alone
Harmful or helpful? Trust in the police after a shock
Stigmatization and racial selection after September 11, 2001
Perception of Western governments’ hostility to Islam among European Muslims before and after Isis
Identity and Provocation
Terrorism and Political Tolerance toward “Fellow Travelers
Discrimination, Inclusion, and Anti‐System Attitudes among Muslims in Germany
Terrorist Attacks, Cultural Incidents, and the Vote for Radical Parties
How Do Immigrants Respond to Discrimination? The Case of Germans in the US During World War I
Political Secularism and Muslim Integration in the West
From Isolation to Radicalization
Institutions and Norms in Economic Development
Does Terrorism Work?
Hate Crime in the Wake of Terror Attacks
Estimating the Impact of the Hajj
Judicial Ingroup Bias in the Shadow of Terrorism
Religion, terrorism and public goods
Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Backlash 9/11
Terrorism and the world economy
Immigration and Conflict in Europe
Voting after the Bombings
Are Muslim Immigrants Different in Terms of Cultural Integration
Rethinking Terrorism and Counterterrorism Since 9/11
Changes in the earnings of Arab men in the US between 2000 and 2002
The social assimilation of immigrants
Shifts in attitudes and labor market discrimination
Islam in Urban America
The Strategies of Terrorism
Blood and ink! The common-interest-game between terrorists and the media
Islamistic Terror and the Labour Market Prospects of Arab Men in England
Rebel Tactics
Religious Intermarriage and Socialization in the United States
Should the Personal Computer Be Considered a Technological Revolution? Evidence from U.S. Metropolitan Areas
Immigrants’ Identity, Economic Outcomes and the Transmission of Identity across Generations
Culture Clash or Culture Club? National Identity in Britain
The Electoral Cost of War
Al-Qaeda as an Adversary do We Understand Our Enemy
Economic Conditions and the Quality of Suicide Terrorism
On Terrorism and Electoral Outcomes
Too Much of a Good Thing
Terrorists versus the Government
Can Militants Use Violence to Win Public Support? Evidence from the Second Intifada
Sabotaging the Peace
Conciliation, Counterterrorism, and Patterns of Terrorist Violence
The Propaganda of the Deed
Beyond the Melting Pot
Human Capital and the Productivity of Suicide Bombers
Are Voters Sensitive to Terrorism? Direct Evidence from the Israeli Electorate
Patterns, Determinants, and Implications of Intermarriage Among Arab Americans
The Post-9/11 Hijab as Icon
| Unique citing works | 34 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,83 |
| Citation span | 2014 - 2026 (13) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 34 |