Bias in the Air
A Nationwide Exploration of Teachers’ Implicit Racial Attitudes, Aggregate Bias, and Student Outcomes
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 9733947 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Mark Chin (0000-0002-0136-2068, Harvard Graduate School of Education, corresponding author), David M Quinn (0000-0003-3367-1452, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA), Tasminda K Dhaliwal (0000-0003-0361-1686, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA), Virginia S Lovison (Harvard Graduate School of Education) |
| Year | 2020 |
| Volume | 49 |
| Issue | 8 |
| Pages | 566-578 |
| Publication date | 2020-11-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Educational Researcher (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0013-189X • E-ISSN: 1935-102X |
| Publisher | American Educational Research Association (AERA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.3102/0013189x20937240 |
| OpenAlex | W3008962510 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 93 |
| References cited | 38 |
Theory suggests that teachers’ implicit racial attitudes affect their students, but large-scale evidence on U.S. teachers’ implicit biases and their correlates is lacking. Using nationwide data from Project Implicit, we found that teachers’ implicit White/Black biases (as measured by the implicit association test) vary by teacher gender and race. Teachers’ adjusted bias levels are lower in counties with larger shares of Black students. In the aggregate, counties in which teachers hold higher levels of implicit and explicit racial bias have larger adjusted White/Black test score inequalities and White/Black suspension disparities
Aggregate (composite · Implicit bias · Mathematics education · Race (biology · Racial bias · Sociology · Student engagement · Critical Race Theory in Education · Education Discipline and Inequality · Gender Studies · Psychology · Social Psychology · Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
Sexual harassment and implicit gender-career biases negatively impact women’s life expectancy in the US
Identity Politics
Help! My teacher is racist
Engaging peers to promote well‐being and inclusion of newcomer students
Overcoming Disaster Through Critical Consciousness and Ideological Change
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Critical Consciousness Training Program for Teachers
Facilitators and barriers along the pathways from secondary school to medical programmes- results from a national longitudinal study in Aotearoa New Zealand
Teachers’ immigration attitudes and students’ performance
How principals communicate expectations for raising academic performance and closing the achievement gap
From Individual to Institutional
Beyond Static Markers in Disproportionality Research
Assessing Instructional Explanations for Mathematical Procedures at Scale Using Animated Teaching Simulations
Gender stereotypes in dance education
Stratification economics and racial disparities in U.S. K−12 education
Mitigating Inequities for Black Students in School Discipline and Special Education
Affirmative Action Bans, Individual Bias, and Systematic Inequality
Systemic Problems Require Systemic Solutions
Restorative Justice and the School-to-Prison Pipeline
Right Mindfulness in Teacher Education
Teachers and Their Served Communities
Bias, Fairness, and Validity in Graduate-School Admissions
Racial and Language Microaggressions in the School Ecology
Letters of Recommendation by High School Counselors in Selective College Admissions
Suspensions in QLD state schools, 2016–2020
Does the salience of race mitigate gaps in disciplinary outcomes? Evidence from school fights
“Let’s Create the Table”
Representation Is Not Enough
Same Idea, Shifting Standards
Local Legislation is Associated With Regional Transgender Attitudes
Does Mindfulness Improve Intergroup Bias, Internalized Bias, and Anti-Bias Outcomes
Equity in Secondary Career and Technical Education in the United States
What Can Institutional Analysis Tell Us About School Improvement Reforms
Contextual factors contributing to variability within middle school teachers' observed classroom management and student engagement
Universal Behavior Screening and Early Warning System Indicators in Middle Schools
Effects of Implicit Bias Training on Educator Beliefs and Attitudes Related to Racial Bias
Predictors of Assumed “Bad” Behavior
National patterns of vulnerable decision points in school discipline
Examining differential effects of an equity-focused schoolwide positive behavioral interventions and supports approach on teachers' equity in school discipline
Dependability of individualized Direct Behavior Rating Multi-Item Scales (DBR-MIS) for academic enablers
Evaluating diversity training in schools
A roadmap to equitable school mental health screening
No “Top of the triangle kids”
Challenges in experimentally demonstrating racial bias in school discipline
Student and School Characteristics Associated With Covid ‐19‐Related Learning Decline Among Middle and High School Students in K‐12 Schools
Effects of Diagnostic Labels for Students With Learning Problems on Teachers’ Stereotypes and Performance Expectations
How can white parents raise anti‐racist children? Introducing the routes to effective anti‐racist parenting (Reap) model
Toward a Theory of Racialized Institutional Logics in Education
Children and adolescents rectify unequal allocations of leadership duties in the classroom
The Great Migration and Implicit Bias in the Northern United States
Convergent Validity of Two Implicit Racial Bias Measures for Individuals and Contexts
The relationship between classroom racial/ethnic composition and teacher perceptions of work conditions
Fostering creativity, equity, and inclusion through social justice praxis
More conflict and less closeness
Racial bias toward children in the early childhood education setting
The U.S. public disapproves of corporal punishment in schools for some kids more than others
The Role of Moral Disengagement, Self-Efficacy and Social-Anxiety in Secondary School Teachers’ Prejudice
Exploring the relation between early childhood education and historical and contemporary racism and bias for Black children
Teacher Beliefs and Student Learning
Comparing teacher and external assessments
Teachers’ interactive cognitions in noticed classroom management events
Racial Disparities and Black Parents’ School Preferences
Racial Homophily in Context
Collective Racial Bias and the Black-White Test Score Gap
The limited promise of interracial friendship
Cross-cultural disparities in teachers’ reports of ADHD symptoms and behavior
Introduction to the Special Issue
The Effects of Student–Teacher Ethnoracial Matching on Chronic Absenteeism
Interventions supporting positive psychosocial functioning of Black adolescent girls
Turning Away from Anti‐Blackness
The Unbearable Unaccountability of Academia
Imagining Students
Up the down escalator? Examining a decade of school discipline reforms
Creating Black Girl Space in St. Louis
Does teachers’ ethnic bias stress them out? The role of teachers’ implicit attitudes toward and expectations of ethnic minority students in teachers’ burnout
JUE Insight
Assessing Instructor-AI Cooperation for Grading Essay-Type Questions in an Introductory Sociology Course
The Laying on of Hands
Taking Note of Our Biases
Abolishing, Renarrativizing, and Revaluing
Potential Racial Threat on Student In-School Suspensions in Segregated U.S. Neighborhoods
Advancing a Framework of Racialized Administrative Burdens in Higher Education Policy
Context Matters as Racialization Evolves
Restorative for All? Racial Disproportionality and School Discipline Under Restorative Justice
From Interest to Entry
Are We Moving the Needle on Racial Disproportionality? Measurement Challenges in Evaluating School Discipline Reform
Can Free Community College Close Racial Disparities in Postsecondary Attainment? How Tulsa Achieves Affects Racially Minoritized Student Outcomes
Leveling Up
The Sankofa of School Discipline
Gaps in Achievement or Opportunity? How Achievement Gap Discourse Affects Teachers’ Beliefs and Priorities
Teacher's social desirability bias and Migrant students
Non-compliant Managers, Judging Citizens
A latent measure of cultural racism and its association with US mortality and life expectancy
Who Really Represents Me? The Case of Afro-Latinx Bureaucratic Representation in New York City Public Schools
Bad Boys
Are Achievement Gaps Related to Discipline Gaps? Evidence From National Data
Race and Economic Opportunity in the United States
Implicit Stereotypes
Do Suspensions Affect Student Outcomes?
Racial disparities in school-based disciplinary actions are associated with county-level rates of racial bias
Teachers' explicit expectations and implicit prejudiced attitudes to educational achievement
Implicit Bias
Disproportionate Use of Lethal Force in Policing Is Associated With Regional Racial Biases of Residents
The Bias of Crowds
The Development and Consequences of Stereotype Consciousness in Middle Childhood
The Color of Discipline
Teachers' Perceptions and Expectations and the Black-White Test Score Gap
Examining Racial Bias in Education
Racial Attitudes of PreK–12 and Postsecondary Educators
The Achievement Gap and the Discipline Gap
Teachers Are People Too
A lesson in bias
The Implicit Prejudiced Attitudes of Teachers
Are teachers' expectations different for racial minority than for European American students? A meta-analysis
Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test
The Trump Effect
Predicting ethnic and racial discrimination
Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans
Implicit and explicit prejudice and interracial interaction
Stereotypes and prejudice
Relations among the Implicit Association Test, Discriminatory Behavior, and Explicit Measures of Racial Attitudes
Racial bias is associated with ingroup death rate for Blacks and Whites
Moving beyond the individual
The Geography of Racial/Ethnic Test Score Gaps
| Unique citing works | 93 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 18,6 |
| Citation span | 2021 - 2026 (6) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 93 |