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Predicting ethnic and racial discrimination

A meta-analysis of IAT criterion studies

Bibliographic Data

ID6203084
AuthorsFrederick L Oswald (0000-0002-7275-5408), Gregory Mitchell (0000-0003-0877-1371), Hart Blanton (0000-0002-2428-797X), James Jaccard (0000-0002-2254-1487), Philip E Tetlock (0000-0002-6535-530X)
Year2013
Volume105
Issue2
Pages171-192
Publication date2013-08-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1037/a0032734
PMID23773046
LanguageEN
Citations received196
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    Open Access•Erik M Lund, Saul L Miller•Evolution and Human Behavior•2014

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    Open Access•Rima Basu•Philosophical Studies•2019

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    Open Access•Michela Carlana•The Quarterly Journal of Economics•2019

  • The Implicit Association Test

    Open Access•Ulrich Schimmack•Perspectives on Psychological…•2021

  • Prejudice Reduction

    Elizabeth Levy Paluck, Roni Porat et al.•Annual Review of Psychology•2021

  • Implicit measures of teachers' attitudes and stereotypes, and their effects on teacher practice and student outcomes

    Open Access•Eddie Denessen, Lisette Hornstra et al.•Learning and Instruction•2022

  • Historical roots of implicit bias in slavery

    Open Access•B Keith Payne, Heidi A Vuletich et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2019

  • Attitudes, Habits, and Behavior Change

    Bas Verplanken, Sheina Orbell•Annual Review of Psychology•2022

  • Implicit Social Cognition

    Anthony G Greenwald, Calvin K Lai•Annual Review of Psychology•2020

  • Six Lessons for a Cogent Science of Implicit Bias and Its Criticism

    Open Access•Bertram Gawronski•Perspectives on Psychological…•2019

  • Implicit and Explicit Racial Attitudes Changed During Black Lives Matter

    Open Access•Jeremy Sawyer, Anup Gampa•Personality and Social Psychology…•2018

  • The Relationship Between Racial Prejudice and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk at the State and County Level

    Open Access•C A Zestcott, John M Ruiz et al.•Annals of Behavioral Medicine•2021

  • Examining gender-STEM bias among STEM and non-STEM students using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (Irap)

    Open Access•Lynn Farrell, Louise Mchugh•Journal of Contextual Behavioral…•2017

  • Does Implicit Color Bias Reduce Giving? Learnings from Fundraising Survey Using Implicit Association Test (IAT)

    Open Access•Abhishek Bhati•Voluntas Revista Internacional de…•2020

  • The Attitudinal Entropy (AE) Framework

    Open Access•Jonas Dalege, Denny Borsboom et al.•Psychological Inquiry•2018

  • The Nonconscious at Work

    Michael G Pratt, Eliana Crosina•Annual Review of Organizational…•2016

  • Evaluating Implicit Emotions of Chinese University Students With Different Levels of Social Adjustment

    Open Access•Ying Ge, Jun-Yu Huo et al.•Psychological Reports•2018

  • Informal Training Experiences and Explicit Bias against African Americans among Medical Students

    Open Access•Sara E Burke, John F Dovidio et al.•Social Psychology Quarterly•2016

  • Development of the Semi-Implicit Self-Report to assess Attitudes Toward Immigration (Sisrati)

    Open Access•David Herrero‐Fernández, Carla Álvarez-Ferradas et al.•International Journal of…•2026

  • Relative Exposure to Negative Economic Shocks, Racial Animus, and Voting

    Open Access•Daniel B Jones, Erica Owens et al.•International Organization•2026

  • Racism, Discrimination, and Prejudice

    Open Access•Jillian Fish, Moin Syed•The Encyclopedia of Child and…•2020

  • How to Promote Diversity and Inclusion in Educational Settings

    Open Access•Gil Moreu, Naomi Isenberg et al.•Frontiers in Education•2021

  • Conceptual Inflation and Explanatory Entitlement

    Open Access•Åke Elden•Philosophies•2026

  • The Problem with Apu

    Bastiaan Vanacker•Journal of Media Ethics•2023

  • Reorienting Implicit Bias Education in Organizations

    Open Access•Benedek Kurdi•Policy Insights from the…•2026

  • Moving Beyond Implicit Bias Training

    Open Access•Ivuoma N Onyeador, Sa‐kiera Tiarra Jolynn Hudson et al.•Policy Insights from the…•2021

  • Implicit Bias and Antidiscrimination Policy

    Open Access•Bertram Gawronski, Alison Ledgerwood et al.•Policy Insights from the…•2020

  • Systemic Problems Require Systemic Solutions

    Open Access•Heidi A Vuletich, Maximilian A Primbs et al.•Policy Insights from the…•2026

  • Black Students in Special Education

    Open Access•Lenwood Gibson, Starr E Keyes et al.•Education Sciences•2026

  • Navigating the Aftermath

    Open Access•Sabrina M Hegner, Leoni Schilling et al.•SAGE Open•2025

  • Do evaluation and self-identification relate to self-reported and actual social media use

    Open Access•Femke Cathelyn, Pieter Van Dessel et al.•Journal of Behavioral Addictions•2022

  • Implicit Bias and Epistemic Oppression in Confronting Racism

    Open Access•Jules Holroyd, Katherine Puddifoot•Journal of the American…•2022

  • Racial Attitudes, Accumulation Mechanisms, and Disparities

    Open Access•Ron Mallon•Review of Philosophy and Psychology•2021

  • Testimonial Injustice

    Open Access•Migdalia Arcila-Valenzuela, Andrés Páez•Review of Philosophy and Psychology•2024

  • Can the Implicit Association Test Measure Automatic Judgment? The Validation Continues

    Open Access•Mino Vianello, Yoav Bar-Anan•Perspectives on Psychological…•2021

  • The Bias of Individuals (in Crowds)

    Open Access•Paul Connor, Ellen R K Evers•Perspectives on Psychological…•2020

  • Incorporating Social-Marketing Insights Into Prejudice Research

    Open Access•M R Campbell, Markus Brauer•Perspectives on Psychological…•2020

  • Can the Implicit Association Test Serve as a Valid Measure of Automatic Cognition? A Response to Schimmack (2021)

    Open Access•Benedek Kurdi, Kate A Ratliff et al.•Perspectives on Psychological…•2021

  • Rethinking Anonymous Grading

    Open Access•Libby Southgate•Ethical Theory and Moral Practice•2024

  • CRT(ish) ‘indoctrination’ in schools

    Open Access•Christopher J Ferguson, Chris Ferguson•Current Psychology•2025

  • Why and when is implicit racial bias linked to abusive supervision? The impact of manager racial microaggressions and individualized consideration

    Open Access•Carin Bergh, Jenny M Hoobler•Current Psychology•2023

  • Visual examination of own- and other-race face identities and implicit racial bias

    Open Access•Gizelle Anzures, Melissa Mildort et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • The philosophical debate on linguistic bias

    Open Access•Uwe Peters•Philosophical Psychology•2024

  • Understanding Implicit Bias

    Open Access•Michael Brownstein, Alex Madva et al.•Pacific philosophical quarterly•2020

  • How Not to Deal with the Tragic Dilemma

    Joshua Mugg•Social Epistemology•2020

  • Betting on Scams

    Open Access•N Levy•Social Epistemology•2025

  • Entitativity and implicit measures of social cognition

    Open Access•Bruce Phillips•Mind & Language•2022

  • The Tyranny of Political Correctness? A Game‐Theoretic Model of Social Norms and Implicit Bias

    Open Access•Katharina Berndt Rasmussen, Nicolas Olsson Yaouzis•Journal of Applied Philosophy•2024

  • Perceptions of and Behavior toward University Students with Autism

    Joshua Lipson, Caitlin Taylor et al.•Basic and Applied Social Psychology•2020

  • That’s Racist

    Adam Lueke•Basic and Applied Social Psychology•2023

  • The Radical Behavioral Challenge and Wide-Scope Obligations in Business

    Open Access•Hasko von Kriegstein•Journal of Business Ethics•2022

  • Minimizing Unconscious Bias in Nursing School Admission

    Joanne Noone, Rana Halabi Najjar et al.•Journal of Nursing Education•2021

  • Cross-Cultural Comparisons in Implicit and Explicit Age Bias

    Open Access•Lindsay S Ackerman, W J Chopik•Personality and Social Psychology…•2021

  • A Diffusion Model Approach for Understanding the Impact of 17 Interventions on the Race Implicit Association Test

    Open Access•Jessica Röhner, Calvin K Lai•Personality and Social Psychology…•2021

  • Estimating the Reliability and Stability of Cognitive Processes Contributing to Responses on the Implicit Association Test

    Open Access•Jacob Elder, Liz Wilson et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2024

  • Implicit Transgender Attitudes Independently Predict Beliefs About Gender and Transgender People

    Open Access•Jordan Axt, Morgan Conway et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2021

  • Are questionable research practices considered a successful career strategy? A novel implementation of the implicit association test

    Open Access•Antonia Velicu, F Winter et al.•Scientometrics•2025

  • Discretionary Prosecutorial Decision-Making

    Open Access•Jennifer Cox, Jane C Daquin et al.•Criminal Justice and Behavior•2022

  • The challenge to race eliminativism from implicit bias research

    Open Access•Timothy Fuller•Journal of Social Philosophy•2022

  • When more is not better

    Open Access•Vesa Peltokorpi, Markus Pudelko•Journal of International Business…•2021

  • Toward an understanding of trait competition, cooperation and explicit intergroup prejudice

    Reza Deiss Ghafur, Claudia C Tate et al.•The Journal of Social Psychology•2021

  • Implicit-explicit discrepancies regarding racial attitudes among U.S. Whites

    Frank J Gonzalez, Miguel Ángel Villacorta Hernández•The Journal of Social Psychology•2024

  • Implicit Bias Within Public Reporting

    Open Access•Jennifer Varriale Carson, Hailey Politte•Crime & Delinquency•2021

  • Language patterns of outgroup prejudice

    Open Access•Ying Li, Thomas T Hills•Cognition•2021

  • Linear correlation is insufficient as the sole measure of associations

    Open Access•J M Twenge, Jessica L Hamilton•Acta Psychologica•2022

  • ‘Interesting’ or ‘boring’

    Open Access•Stjepan Sambol, Kara Dadswell et al.•Acta Psychologica•2024

  • Gender issues in fundamental physics

    Open Access•Alessandro Strumia•Quantitative Science Studies•2021

  • Tracking Prejudice

    Open Access•David E Melnikoff, Thomas C Mann et al.•Social Psychological and…•2021

  • Convergent Validity of Two Implicit Racial Bias Measures for Individuals and Contexts

    Open Access•Heidi A Vuletich, B Keith Payne•Social Psychological and…•2026

  • Racial Bias Increases False Identification of Black Suspects in Simultaneous Lineups

    Open Access•Joseph A Vitriol, Jacob Appleby et al.•Social Psychological and…•2019

  • The Relation Between Updated Implicit Evaluations and the Trust Game

    Open Access•Xi Shen, Anthony J Maiolatesi et al.•Social Psychological and…•2023

  • Using Environmental Features to Maximize Prediction of Regional Intergroup Bias

    Open Access•Eric Hehman, Eugene K Ofosu et al.•Social Psychological and…•2021

  • Judging Guilt

    Open Access•Arın Korkmaz, Thomas C Mann et al.•Social Psychological and…•2024

  • Profit Versus Prejudice

    Open Access•Michael N Stagnaro, Yarrow Dunham et al.•Social Psychological and…•2018

  • Mixed Evidence for Interactive Effects of Outgroup Proportions and Intergroup Contact on Racial Bias in the United States

    Open Access•James R Rae, Allison L Skinner et al.•Social Psychological and…•2022

  • Perception and Evaluation in Human–Robot Interaction

    Open Access•Nicolas Spatola, Barbara Kühnlenz et al.•International Journal of Social…•2021

  • Support for the Confederate battle flag in the Southern United States

    Open Access•Joshua D Wright, Victoria M Esses•Journal of Social and Political…•2017

  • The effects of implicit biases on real-life client discrimination among public officials

    Open Access•Jonas Larsson Taghizadeh•Research & Politics•2022

  • Childhood Experiences and Intergroup Biases among Children

    Open Access•Allison L Skinner, Andrew N Meltzoff•Social Issues and Policy Review•2018

  • Elegant Science Narratives and Unintended Influences

    Open Access•Hart Blanton, Elif G Ikizer•Social Issues and Policy Review•2018

  • Why Divide Migrants by Their Types

    Open Access•Yujin Woo•Journal of East Asian Studies•2021

  • Graphic Violence as Moral Motivator

    Mary Grizzard, Jialing Huang et al.•Mass Communication & Society•2017

  • Who Says “Muslims Are Not Terrorists”? News Differentiation, Muslim versus Non-Muslim Sources, and Attitudes toward Muslims

    Open Access•Ruta Kaskeleviciute, Helena Knupfer et al.•Mass Communication & Society•2023

  • Looking within

    Danielle R Eugene, J Crutchfield et al.•European Journal of Intercultural…•2022

  • Adolescents’ implicit attitudes towards people with immigrant background

    Open Access•Sabrina König, Justine Stang et al.•Social Psychology of Education•2022

  • Implicit stereotyping against people with disability

    Open Access•Odile Rohmer, Eva Louvet•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2016

  • Direct and indirect dimensional compensation

    Open Access•Mathias Schmitz, Vincent Yzerbyt•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2020

  • White parents’ racial socialization and young adults’ racial attitudes

    Open Access•Erin Pahlke, Meagan M Patterson et al.•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2020

  • Effects of minimal grouping on implicit prejudice, infrahumanization, and neural processing despite orthogonal social categorizations

    Open Access•Jeremy C Simon, Jennifer N Gutsell•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2019

  • The rich—love them or hate them? Divergent implicit and explicit attitudes toward the wealthy

    Open Access•Suzanne R Horwitz, John F Dovidio•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2015

  • Assessing Implicit and Explicit Attitudes about Classism

    Rachel Shor, Lauren Bennett Cattaneo et al.•Journal of Poverty•2019

  • Anti‐bias training and perceived force climate

    Open Access•Nicole Legate, Norman Weinstein et al.•Journal of Community & Applied…•2023

  • Isms and schisms

    Open Access•Kristen P Jones, Isaac Sabat et al.•Journal of Organizational Behavior•2017

  • Risk a Lot to Save a Lot

    Open Access•Roscoe C Scarborough•Sociological Forum•2017

  • Gender Biases in (Inter) Action

    Open Access•Ioana M Latu, Marianne Schmid Mast et al.•Psychology of Women Quarterly•2015

  • Career Identities and Gender-STEM Stereotypes

    Open Access•Sarah Dunlap, Joan M Barth•Sex Roles•2023

  • Two Traditions of Research on Gender Identity

    Open Access•Wendy Wood, Alice H Eagly•Sex Roles•2015

Unique citing works196
Citations per year16,33
Citation span2014 - 2026 (13)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 195

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