Using high‐preference and low‐preference music in a synchronous reinforcement treadmill preparation

A further extension

Bibliographic Data

ID9956574
AuthorsJohn T Rapp (0000-0001-5894-6809, Department of Psychological Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA, corresponding author), Rasha R Baruni (0000-0002-0626-0845, Department of Psychology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada), Emma Walker (0000-0002-6654-9835, Department of Child and Family Studies University of South Florida), Jennifer Cook (0000-0003-4916-8667, University of Manitoba), Jennifer L Cook (0000-0002-7723-0475, Department of Psychology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada), Jonathan W Pinkston (Department of Psychology University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA), Raymond G Miltenberger (0000-0002-6331-298X, Department of Child and Family Studies University of South Florida), Shreeya Deshmukh (Department of Child and Family Studies University of South Florida), Shreeya S Deshmukh (0009-0001-8541-3829, University of South Florida), Sharayah Tai (Department of Child and Family Studies University of South Florida), Daniel J Sheridan (0000-0003-2019-7843, Department of Psychological Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA)
Year2025
Volume124
Issue1
Pagese70026-e70026
Publication date2025-07-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-5002 • E-ISSN: 1938-3711
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1002/jeab.70026
PMID40588463
OpenAlexW4411794350
LanguageEN
References cited45

We conducted a series of studies on the effects of synchronous reinforcement. Study 1 presented 30 participants with their high‐preference (HP) music, identified via a conjugate assessment, for walking on a treadmill during three synchronous reinforcement (SYNC) components. The results indicated that HP music produced schedule control of walking speed for 20 participants (66.7%). In addition, 80% of the participants who displayed schedule control also displayed variable walking speeds when music was withheld. Study 2 extended Study 1 by providing 30 new participants with their low‐preference (LP) music, again using the same conjugate assessment, for walking on a treadmill during the same three SYNC components. The results indicated that LP music produced schedule control of walking to (a) avoid music for 13 participants (43.33%) and (b) access music for two participants (6.67%). Study 3 compared group results across components for HP and LP participants from Studies 1 and 2, respectively. The results indicated that that the HP group walked significantly faster than the LP group during three components; however, heart rates did not differ statistically between the two groups for any component. The results across the studies indicate that both positive and negative synchronous reinforcement with music increased the walking speeds and heart rates of participants

Audiology · Physical therapy · Preference · Reinforcement · Schedule · Statistics · Treadmill · Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder · Behavioral and Psychological Studies · Computer Science · Mathematics · Medicine · Psychology · Social Psychology

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