Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Implementation Intentions and the Theory of Planned Behavior

Bibliographic Data

ID23375363
AuthorsSheina Orbell (0000-0002-8665-3541, University of Sheffield, corresponding author), Sarah Hodgkins (University of Sheffield), Paschal Sheeran (0000-0001-7449-4590, University of Sheffield)
Year1997
Volume23
Issue9
Pages945-954
Publication date1997-09-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenuePersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0146-1672 • E-ISSN: 1552-7433
PublisherSAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/0146167297239004
PMID29506445
OpenAlexW2064408990
LanguageEN
Citations received94
References cited23

This study concerns the implications of Peter Gollwitzer's concept of implementation intentions for Icek Ajzen's theory of planned behavior. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intentions were assessed before an intervention that required subjects to make implementation intentions concerning when and where they would perform breast self-examination during the next month. Behavior was assessed by self-report 1 month later. Results supported Gollwitzer's contention that goal intentions that have been supplemented by implementation intentions concerning where and when the behavior is to be performed are more likely to be enacted. Evidence suggested that implementation intentions were effective because they provided a mechanism that facilitated the retrieval of intentions in memory. Implementation intentions also reduced the capacity of past behavior to predict future behavior, suggesting that implementation intentions mimic the effect of habit in human action. Implications for applications of models of attitude-behavior relations are outlined.

Action (physics) · Control (management) · Habit · Intervention (counseling) · Norm (philosophy) · Perception · Social norms approach · Theory of planned behavior · Theory of reasoned action · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Cultural Differences and Values · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology

  • The Influence of Attitudes on Behavior

    Icek Ajzen, Martin Fishbein et al.

  • Beyond good intentions

    Open Access•Joana Gonçalves, Joana dos Santos Gonçalves•Architecture and the Built…•2023

  • Personal religious practice, risky behavior, and implementation intentions among adolescents

    Patrick Mcnamara, James P Burns et al.•Psychology of Religion and…•2010

  • Individual differences in reasoning

    Open Access•Keith E Stanovich, Richard F West•Behavioral and Brain Sciences•2000

  • Boosting Language Learning With McIi Strategy

    Open Access•Sonay Caner-Yıldırım•Journal of Nusantara Studies…•2024

  • The common sense model of self-regulation

    Martin S Hagger, Severine Koch et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2017

  • Psychosocial correlates of heterosexual condom use

    Pascal Sheeran, Charles Abraham et al.•Psychological Bulletin•1999

  • Implementation intentions and efficient action initiation

    Veronika Brandstätter, Angelika Lengfelder et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2001

  • Strategic automation of emotion regulation

    Inge Schweiger Gallo, Angeliki Keil et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2009

  • Consider it done! Plan making can eliminate the cognitive effects of unfulfilled goals

    E J Masicampo, Roy F Baumeister•Journal of Personality and Social…•2011

  • Habits as knowledge structures

    Henk Aarts, Ap Dijksterhui et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2000

  • Can social cognitive models contribute to the effectiveness of HIV‐preventive behavioural interventions? A brief review of the literature and a reply to Joffe (1996; 1997) and Fife‐Schaw (1997)

    Open Access•Charles Abraham, Paschal Sheeran et al.•British Journal of Medical…•1998

  • Dual-path persuasion in tourism live-streaming

    Open Access•Ruoyu Gao, Christy Yen Nee Ng et al.•Tourism Recreation Research•2026

  • Why do people fail to turn good intentions into action? The role of executive control processes in the translation of healthy eating intentions into action in young Scottish adults

    Open Access•Julia Allan, Julia L Allan et al.•BMC Public Health•2008

  • Advances in Motivation in Exercise and Physical Activity

    Martin S Hagger, Richard M Ryan•Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation•2019

  • Health Behavior, Psychosocial Theories of

    Open Access•Susan Sutton, Stephen Sutton•International Encyclopedia of the…•2015

  • Motivation

    Open Access•John A Bargh, Peter M Gollwitzer et al.•Handbook of Social Psychology•2010

  • Heuristics and Biases

    Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin et al.•Heuristics and biases•2012

  • Combining motivational and volitional interventions to promote exercise participation

    Open Access•Sarah Milne, Sheina Orbell et al.•British Journal of Health…•2002

  • The automatic component of habit in health behavior

    Sheina Orbell, Bas Verplanken•Health Psychology•2010

  • Using implementation intentions prompts to enhance influenza vaccination rates

    Open Access•Katherine L Milkman, John Beshears et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2011

  • Some problems with social cognition models

    Jane Ogden•Health Psychology•2003

  • Augmenting the Theory of Planned Behavior

    Open Access•Paschal Sheeran, Sheina Orbell•Journal of Applied Social…•1999

  • Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior

    Open Access•Mycah Conner, Mark Conner et al.•Journal of Applied Social…•1998

  • Reflections on Past Behavior

    Open Access•Bas Verplanken, Sheina Orbell•Journal of Applied Social…•2003

  • Residual Effects of Past on Later Behavior

    Open Access•Icek Ajzen•Personality and Social Psychology…•2002

  • Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in Behaviour Change Interventions

    Wendy Hardeman, Marie Johnston et al.•Psychology & Health•2002

  • Episodic Simulation of Future Events

    Open Access•Daniel L Schacter, Donna Rose Addis et al.•Annals of the New York Academy of…•2008

  • Implementation Intentions and Goal Achievement

    Peter M Gollwitzer, Paschal Sheeran•Advances in Experimental Social…•2006

  • The Interplay Between Goal Intentions and Implementation Intentions

    Open Access•Paschal Sheeran, Thomas L Webb et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2005

  • Episodic Future Thought

    Open Access•Karl K Szpunar•Perspectives on Psychological…•2010

  • Bridging the intention–behaviour gap

    Falko F Sniehotta, Ulrich Scholz et al.•Psychology & Health•2005

  • Scary warnings and rational precautions

    Robert A C Ruiter, Charles Abraham et al.•Psychology & Health•2001

  • Interventions to change health behaviours

    Susan Michie, Charles Abraham•Psychology & Health•2004

  • The future of research on entrepreneurial intentions

    Alain Fayolle, Francisco Liñán•Journal of Business Research•2014

  • Social cognition models and health behaviour

    Christopher J Armitage, Mycah Conner•Psychology & Health•2000

  • Representativeness Revisited

    Open Access•Daniel Kahneman, Shane Frederick•Heuristics and biases•2002

  • The Functional Theory of Counterfactual Thinking

    Open Access•Kai Epstude, Neal J Roese•Personality and Social Psychology…•2008

  • Environmental Concern

    Open Access•NIKLAS FRANSSON, Tommy Gärling•Journal of Environmental Psychology•1999

  • Implementation Intention and Action Planning Interventions in Health Contexts

    Open Access•Martin S Hagger, Aleksandra Luszczynska•Applied Psychology: Health and…•2014

  • Evaluating the effectiveness of a smartphone app to reduce excessive alcohol consumption

    Open Access•Claire Garnett, David Crane et al.•BMC Public Health•2016

  • A theory-based online health behavior intervention for new university students

    Open Access•Tracy Epton, Paul Norman et al.•BMC Public Health•2013

  • A survey on HIV-related health-seeking behaviors among transgender individuals in Jakarta, based on the theory of planned behavior

    Open Access•Ciptasari Prabawanti, Arie Dijkstra et al.•BMC Public Health•2015

  • Engaging diverse underserved communities to bridge the mammography divide

    Open Access•Kimberly K Engelman, Ana Paula Cupertino et al.•BMC Public Health•2011

  • An in-home intervention of parent-implemented strategies to increase child vegetable intake

    Open Access•Francine Overcash, Z M Vickers et al.•BMC Public Health•2019

  • Consumers’ Green smartphone practices concerned with power consumption optimisation

    Open Access•Ling Chai Wong, Norazah Mohd Sukı et al.•Cleaner and Responsible Consumption•2023

  • Training Learning Strategies to Promote Self-Regulation and Transfer

    Open Access•Mark A Mcdaniel, Gilles O Einstein•Perspectives on Psychological…•2020

  • Connecting creativity, confidence, and unconventional career plans

    Angie L Miller, Paula Álvarez‐huerta et al.•British Journal of Education & Work•2022

  • Linking perceived supervisor support for strengths use to employee strengths use

    Open Access•Feng Liu, Jun Liu et al.•Current Psychology•2024

  • How do people manage desirable but disruptive competing behaviors to successfully reach their health goals? A dual-phase dual-process (DP2) model

    Open Access•Martin S Hagger•Psychology & Health•2026

  • Foreign language proficiency, career behaviors, and turnover‐related outcomes

    Open Access•Vesa Peltokorpi, Alfred Presbitero•Applied Psychology•2024

  • Influence of followers’ strengths-based leadership on follower strengths use through intention to use strengths

    Open Access•He Ding, Enhai Yu•International Journal of Social…•2021

  • Social Psychological Factors in Lifestyle Change and Their Relevance to Policy

    Open Access•Gregory R Maio, Bas Verplanken et al.•Social Issues and Policy Review•2007

  • Understanding and Promoting Sexual and Reproductive Health Behavior

    William A Fisher, Jeffery D Fisher•Annual Review of Sex Research•1998

  • Cosmopolitanism and ethical consumption

    Open Access•Hye-Mi Lee, Yanhong Jin et al.•Sustainable Development•2018

  • Planning Imagination and the Future

    Open Access•Charles Hoch•Journal of Planning Education and…•2022

  • Investigating how implementation intentions improve non-focal prospective memory tasks

    Open Access•Rebekah E Smith, Melissa D McConnell Rogers et al.•Consciousness and Cognition•2014

  • Ambiguity and Self-Evaluation

    Open Access•David Dunning, Judith A Meyerowitz et al.•Heuristics and biases•2002

  • The Affect Heuristic

    Open Access•Paul Slovic, Melissa L Finucane et al.•Heuristics and biases•2002

  • I don't take what's in[side] outside, I see it as a different environment”

    Open Access•Oliver Traynor, P Mccrorie et al.•Wellbeing Space and Society•2025

  • Boosting scholastic test scores by willpower

    Ute C Bayer, Peter M Gollwitzer•Self and Identity•2006

  • Self-efficacy Feelings Moderate Implementation Intention Effects

    Frank Wieber, Georg Odenthal et al.•Self and Identity•2009

  • Vitamin D supplementation in young children

    Open Access•Jascha De Nooijer, Monique Onnink et al.•Public Health Nutrition•2010

  • Intention—Behavior Relations

    Paschal Sheeran•European Review of Social…•2002

  • From imagery to intention

    Richard J Crisp, Senel Husnu et al.•European Review of Social…•2010

  • Habit, Attitude, and Planned Behaviour

    Bas Verplanken, Henk Aarts•European Review of Social…•1999

  • Do implementation intentions help to eat a healthy diet? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence

    Open Access•Marieke A Adriaanse, Charlotte D W Vinkers et al.•Appetite•2011

  • Self-regulation interventions to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in adolescents

    Open Access•Susan L Ame, Ingrid C Wurpts et al.•Appetite•2016

  • Implementation intention versus monetary incentive comparing the effects of interventions to promote the purchase of organically produced food

    Open Access•Sebastian Bamberg•Journal of Economic Psychology•2002

  • Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioural Responses to Students with Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties

    Open Access•Maria S Poulou, Maria Poulou et al.•British Educational Research…•2002

  • Good intentions, bad habits, and effects of forming implementation intentions on healthy eating

    Open Access•Bas Verplanken, Suzanne Faes•European Journal of Social…•1999

  • Self-schemas and the theory of planned behaviour

    Open Access•Paschal Sheeran, Sheina Orbell•European Journal of Social…•2000

  • Predicting and understanding behavioral volitions

    Open Access•Marco Perugini, Mycah Conner et al.•European Journal of Social…•2000

  • To plan or not to plan? Goal achievement or interrupting the performance of mundane behaviors

    Open Access•Henk Aarts, Ap Dijksterhuis et al.•European Journal of Social…•1999

  • Identifying good opportunities to act

    Open Access•Thomas L Webb, Paschal Sheeran•European Journal of Social…•2004

  • Implementation intentions and repeated behaviour

    Open Access•Paschal Sheeran, Sheina Orbell•European Journal of Social…•1999

  • Overcoming the planning fallacy through willpower

    Open Access•Sander L Koole, Sander Koole et al.•European Journal of Social…•2000

  • Breaking and creating habits on the working floor

    Open Access•Rob W Holland, Henk Aarts et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2006

  • How do implementation intentions promote goal attainment? A test of component processes

    Open Access•Thomas L Webb, Paschal Sheeran•Journal of Experimental Social…•2006

  • Predictors of Condom Use Self-Efficacy in an Ethnically Diverse University Sample

    Open Access•Melissa A Farmer, Cindy M Meston•Archives of Sexual Behavior•2006

  • Accounting knowledge as a compass in ChatGPT adoption among accounting students in higher educational institutions

    Saeed Awadh Bin-Nashwan, Nada Alyafai et al.•Journal of Information…•2026

  • Attaining personal goals

    Richard Koestner, Natasha Lekes et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2002

  • Martin Fishbein's Legacy

    Open Access•Icek Ajzen•The Annals of the American…•2012

  • Understanding sustained behavior change

    Open Access•Jane Ogden, Louisa Hills•Health An Interdisciplinary…•2008

  • How mothers talk to their children about failure, mistakes and setbacks is related to their children's fear of failure

    Open Access•Elizabeth R Peterson, Tanvi Sharma et al.•British Journal of Educational…•2025

  • Translating Exercise Intentions into Behavior

    Open Access•Ryan E Rhodes, Kerry S Courneya et al.•Journal of Health Psychology•2003

  • The Role of Social-Cognitive Research in Informal Care

    Open Access•Sheina Orbell•Journal of Health Psychology•1999

  • When Are Caregivers More Likely to Offer Sugary Drinks and Snacks to Infants? A Qualitative Thematic Synthesis

    Open Access•Deborah Moore, Deborah Anne Moore et al.•Qualitative Health Research•2017

  • Evaluation of three interventions to promote workplace health and safety

    Open Access•Paschal Sheeran, Michael Silverman et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2003

  • Guiding the design and selection of interventions to influence the implementation of evidence-based practice

    Open Access•Debbie Bonetti, Martin Eccles et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2005

  • Beyond intention

    Open Access•Cath Jackson, Rebecca Lawton et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2005

  • Applying an Extended Model of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to Breast Self-examination

    Open Access•Tania E Mason, Katherine M White•Journal of Health Psychology•2008

  • The Categorization of Time and Its Impact on Task Initiation

    Yanping Tu, Dilip Soman•Journal of Consumer Research•2014

  • Letting Good Opportunities Pass Us By

    Julia Belyavsky Bayuk, Julia Bayuk et al.•Journal of Consumer Research•2010

  • Motivation and Action

    Open Access•Heinz Heckhausen, Jutta Heckhausen et al.•Motivation and Action•1991

  • A comparison of leading theories for the prediction of goal‐directed behaviours

    Open Access•Richard P Bagozzi, Susan K Kimmel•British Journal of Social…•1995

  • Models of attitude–behavior relations.

    Peter M Bentler, George Speckart•Psychological Review•1979

  • From Intentions to Actions

    Icek Ajzen•Action Control•1985

  • The theory of planned behavior

    Open Access•Icek Ajzen•Organizational Behavior and Human…•1991

  • Goal Achievement

    Peter M Gollwitzer•European Review of Social…•1993

  • Practice of breast self examination

    Alexanian Fossati, G Apalone et al.•Journal of Epidemiology and…•1991

  • A Critical Examination of the Causal Structure of the Fishbein/Ajzen Attitude-Behavior Model

    Allen E Liska•Social Psychology Quarterly•1984

  • Attitude Structure and Function

    Howard Schuman, Anthony R Pratkanis et al.•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1990

  • Prediction of goal-directed behavior

    Open Access•Icek Ajzen, Thomas J Madden•Journal of Experimental Social…•1986

  • The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research

    Reuben M Baron, D A Kenny•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986

  • The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research

    Reuben M Baron, D A Kenny•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986

  • Attitudes, intentions, and behavior

    Richard P Bagozzi•Journal of Personality and Social…•1981

  • Accessibility and stability of predictors in the theory of planned behavior

    Jörg Doll, Icek Ajzen•Journal of Personality and Social…•1992

  • Applying cognitive-social theory to health-protective behavior

    Suzanne M Miller, Yuichi Shoda et al.•Psychological Bulletin•1996

  • The Theory of Reasoned Action

    Blair H Sheppard, Jon Hartwick et al.•Journal of Consumer Research•1988

Unique citing works94
Citations per year3,36
Citation span1998 - 2026 (29)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 81
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae