Peter F Orazem
Biographic Data
| ID | 1113896 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Peter F Orazem |
| GIVEN NAMES | Peter F |
| FAMILY NAME | Orazem |
| SIGNATURE | ORAZEM P F |
| AFFILIATIONS | Iowa State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2092-5089 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 18 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 18 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 18 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Urban-Rural Wage Gaps, Inefficient Labour Allocations, and GDP per Capita
Using a newly compiled data set from household surveys from 92 developed and developing countries, we decompose observed urban-rural log wage gaps for each country into the portion explained by skill differences and the unexplained portion. Controlling for urban-rural differences in living costs, larger unexplained wage gaps are evidence of labour market distortions that lead to inefficient allocation of labour across sectors and lower country pr…
What increases the urban–rural gap in firm entry rates
The heterogeneous role of broadband access on establishment entry and exit by sector and urban and rural markets
Broadband access has heterogeneous effects on establishment entry and exit across industries and across urban and rural markets. On average, broadband encourages establishment entry and reduces establishment exit. Broadband entry results in a positive net entry in both urban and rural markets. The effect of broadband varies across sectors, with net establishment gains in construction and professional services in both urban and rural markets. Net …
How relative marginal tax rates affect establishment entry at state borders
Active leisure, passive leisure and health
How endogenous risk preferences and sample selection affect analysis of firm survival
Life Expectancy at Birth and Lifetime Education and Earnings
Exploiting cross–birth cohort and cross-country variation from a pool of 188 household surveys from 111 countries, this paper measures how life expectancy at birth affects lifetime education and earnings. On average, individuals add one year of schooling for every 8.3 years of increased life expectancy at birth. Lifetime earnings increase by 1.7 percent per year of added life expectancy at birth. The estimates imply that rising life expectancy at…
Revisiting the relationship between longevity and lifetime education
Economic Freedom, Human Rights, and the Returns to Human Capital
In 1975 Theodore W. Schultz suggested that the returns to human capital are highest in economic environments experiencing unexpected price, productivity, and technology shocks that create “disequilibria.” In such environments, the ability of firms and individuals to adapt their resource allocations to shocks becomes most valuable. In the case of negative shocks, government policies that mitigate the impact of the shock will also limit the returns…
Does Local School Control Raise Student Outcomes? Evidence on the Roles of School Autonomy and Parental Participation
School autonomy and parental participation have been frequently proposed as ways of making schools more productive. Less clear is how governments can foster decentralized decision making by local schools. This article shows that across eight Latin American countries, most of the variation in local control over school decisions exists within and not between countries. That implies that the exercise of local authority to manage schools is largely a…
Wage Inequality and Returns to Skill in Taiwan, 1978–96
Since 1980, income inequality has risen faster in Taiwan than in the United States. Inequality rose despite a rapid increase in the share of educated workers in the labour market that might have been expected to depress returns to education. Returns to a college education rose in Taiwan for all but the least experienced college graduates who were the most substitutable by the large new cohorts of college graduates. This pattern of changes in rela…
School Quality, School Cost, and the Public/Private School Choices of Low-Income Households in Pakistan
Harold Alderman, Peter F. Orazem, Elizabeth M. Paterno, School Quality, School Cost, and the Public/Private School Choices of Low-Income Households in Pakistan, The Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 36, No. 2 (Spring, 2001), pp. 304-326
Male-female differences in labor market outcomes during the early transition to market
Empirical Tests of Efficiency Wage Models
Two‐digit manufacturing industry‐level production functions are used to test efficiency wage propositions. Conclusive tests require functional forms which allow differences in elasticities of substitution between observable human capital, wage premia and other inputs. Results demonstrate that unexplained industry wage premia and higher unemployment rates raise productivity. Wage premia and the human capital wage component cannot be aggregated int…
Comparable Worth and Gender Discrimination
The Implementation Process of Comparable Worth
This paper provides a unique opportunity to observe how a public policy affected the earnings of various interest groups at different stages of implementation. Specifically, the authors examine how the earnings of women, union members, and supervisory and professional staff were affected by various proposed and implemented comparable-worth pay plans in Iowa. They find that large relative gains to women in the original proposed plans were reduced …
Occupational Entry and Uncertainty
This paper develops an empirically estimable model of occupational choice under uncertainty, given an individual's risk preferences and human capital and given the moments of the distribution of earnings within various alternative occupations. The model is estimated using data on entry-level occupational choices of high school graduates in Maryland school districts from 1951 through 1969. Our results confirm that increasing the mean and reducing …
An Indirect Test for the Specification of Expectation Regimes
This paper develops an empirical strategy for testing competing hypotheses of expectation regimes when direct measures of expectations are unavailable. The procedure takes as given an assumed structural relationship between expected values of exogenous variables and a given decision variable. By imposing different expectation regimes on this model, we obtain an artificial nesting of the hypothesized regimes which allows us to test whether any spe…
The Implementation Process of Comparable Worth
This paper provides a unique opportunity to observe how a public policy affected the earnings of various interest groups at different stages of implementation. Specifically, the authors examine how the earnings of women, union members, and supervisory and professional staff were affected by various proposed and implemented comparable-worth pay plans in Iowa. They find that large relative gains to women in the original proposed plans were reduced …
Male-female differences in labor market outcomes during the early transition to market
Economic Freedom, Human Rights, and the Returns to Human Capital
In 1975 Theodore W. Schultz suggested that the returns to human capital are highest in economic environments experiencing unexpected price, productivity, and technology shocks that create “disequilibria.” In such environments, the ability of firms and individuals to adapt their resource allocations to shocks becomes most valuable. In the case of negative shocks, government policies that mitigate the impact of the shock will also limit the returns…
Does Local School Control Raise Student Outcomes? Evidence on the Roles of School Autonomy and Parental Participation
School autonomy and parental participation have been frequently proposed as ways of making schools more productive. Less clear is how governments can foster decentralized decision making by local schools. This article shows that across eight Latin American countries, most of the variation in local control over school decisions exists within and not between countries. That implies that the exercise of local authority to manage schools is largely a…
Empirical Tests of Efficiency Wage Models
Two‐digit manufacturing industry‐level production functions are used to test efficiency wage propositions. Conclusive tests require functional forms which allow differences in elasticities of substitution between observable human capital, wage premia and other inputs. Results demonstrate that unexplained industry wage premia and higher unemployment rates raise productivity. Wage premia and the human capital wage component cannot be aggregated int…
Occupational Entry and Uncertainty
This paper develops an empirically estimable model of occupational choice under uncertainty, given an individual's risk preferences and human capital and given the moments of the distribution of earnings within various alternative occupations. The model is estimated using data on entry-level occupational choices of high school graduates in Maryland school districts from 1951 through 1969. Our results confirm that increasing the mean and reducing …
An Indirect Test for the Specification of Expectation Regimes
This paper develops an empirical strategy for testing competing hypotheses of expectation regimes when direct measures of expectations are unavailable. The procedure takes as given an assumed structural relationship between expected values of exogenous variables and a given decision variable. By imposing different expectation regimes on this model, we obtain an artificial nesting of the hypothesized regimes which allows us to test whether any spe…
The Implementation Process of Comparable Worth
This paper provides a unique opportunity to observe how a public policy affected the earnings of various interest groups at different stages of implementation. Specifically, the authors examine how the earnings of women, union members, and supervisory and professional staff were affected by various proposed and implemented comparable-worth pay plans in Iowa. They find that large relative gains to women in the original proposed plans were reduced …
Comparable Worth and Gender Discrimination
Empirical Tests of Efficiency Wage Models
Two‐digit manufacturing industry‐level production functions are used to test efficiency wage propositions. Conclusive tests require functional forms which allow differences in elasticities of substitution between observable human capital, wage premia and other inputs. Results demonstrate that unexplained industry wage premia and higher unemployment rates raise productivity. Wage premia and the human capital wage component cannot be aggregated int…
Male-female differences in labor market outcomes during the early transition to market
School Quality, School Cost, and the Public/Private School Choices of Low-Income Households in Pakistan
Harold Alderman, Peter F. Orazem, Elizabeth M. Paterno, School Quality, School Cost, and the Public/Private School Choices of Low-Income Households in Pakistan, The Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 36, No. 2 (Spring, 2001), pp. 304-326
Wage Inequality and Returns to Skill in Taiwan, 1978–96
Since 1980, income inequality has risen faster in Taiwan than in the United States. Inequality rose despite a rapid increase in the share of educated workers in the labour market that might have been expected to depress returns to education. Returns to a college education rose in Taiwan for all but the least experienced college graduates who were the most substitutable by the large new cohorts of college graduates. This pattern of changes in rela…
Does Local School Control Raise Student Outcomes? Evidence on the Roles of School Autonomy and Parental Participation
School autonomy and parental participation have been frequently proposed as ways of making schools more productive. Less clear is how governments can foster decentralized decision making by local schools. This article shows that across eight Latin American countries, most of the variation in local control over school decisions exists within and not between countries. That implies that the exercise of local authority to manage schools is largely a…
Economic Freedom, Human Rights, and the Returns to Human Capital
In 1975 Theodore W. Schultz suggested that the returns to human capital are highest in economic environments experiencing unexpected price, productivity, and technology shocks that create “disequilibria.” In such environments, the ability of firms and individuals to adapt their resource allocations to shocks becomes most valuable. In the case of negative shocks, government policies that mitigate the impact of the shock will also limit the returns…
Revisiting the relationship between longevity and lifetime education
Life Expectancy at Birth and Lifetime Education and Earnings
Exploiting cross–birth cohort and cross-country variation from a pool of 188 household surveys from 111 countries, this paper measures how life expectancy at birth affects lifetime education and earnings. On average, individuals add one year of schooling for every 8.3 years of increased life expectancy at birth. Lifetime earnings increase by 1.7 percent per year of added life expectancy at birth. The estimates imply that rising life expectancy at…
Active leisure, passive leisure and health
How endogenous risk preferences and sample selection affect analysis of firm survival
The heterogeneous role of broadband access on establishment entry and exit by sector and urban and rural markets
Broadband access has heterogeneous effects on establishment entry and exit across industries and across urban and rural markets. On average, broadband encourages establishment entry and reduces establishment exit. Broadband entry results in a positive net entry in both urban and rural markets. The effect of broadband varies across sectors, with net establishment gains in construction and professional services in both urban and rural markets. Net …
How relative marginal tax rates affect establishment entry at state borders
What increases the urban–rural gap in firm entry rates
Urban-Rural Wage Gaps, Inefficient Labour Allocations, and GDP per Capita
Using a newly compiled data set from household surveys from 92 developed and developing countries, we decompose observed urban-rural log wage gaps for each country into the portion explained by skill differences and the unexplained portion. Controlling for urban-rural differences in living costs, larger unexplained wage gaps are evidence of labour market distortions that lead to inefficient allocation of labour across sectors and lower country pr…
Economics (16 works) · Demographic economics (8 works) · Labour economics (6 works) · Business (5 works) · Economic growth (5 works) · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality (5 works) · Psychology (5 works) · Computer Science (4 works) · Finance (4 works) · Firm Innovation and Growth (4 works)