Henk Wilke
Biographic Data
| ID | 205808 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Henk Wilke |
| GIVEN NAMES | Henk |
| FAMILY NAME | Wilke |
| SIGNATURE | WILKE H |
| AFFILIATIONS | Leiden University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 64 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 921 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 63 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1971 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| H-INDEX | 19 |
Social Dilemmas: Theoretical Issues and Research Findings
This book describes the advances and insights made by social scientists from around the world into the understanding and resolution of social dilemmas. Each chapter discusses its own research findings against the background of a more comprehensive view of social dilemnas
Less power or powerless? Egocentric empathy gaps and the irony of having little versus no power in social decision making
The authors investigate the effect of power differences and associated expectations in social decision making. Using a modified ultimatum game, the authors show that allocators lower their offers to recipients when the power difference shifts in favor of the allocator. Remarkably, however, when recipients are completely powerless, offers increase. This effect is mediated by a change in framing of the situation: When the opponent is without power,…
Situational and Personality Factors as Direct or Personal Norm Mediated Predictors of Pro-environmental Behavior: Questions Derived From Norm-activation Theory
Studies that use the norm activation theory (Schwartz, 1977 Schwartz , S. H. ( 1977 ). Normative influences on altruism . In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 10 , pp. 221 – 279 ). New York : Academic Press .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) to explain pro-environmental behavior often focus on personal norms and on two situational activators, i.e., awareness of need and situational responsibility (e.g., Vining & Eb…
Procedural justice in authority relations: The strength of outcome dependence influences people's reactions to voice
In this article, we study how the strength of outcome dependence, defined as the extent to which people's outcomes depend on authority's decisions, influences their reactions to voice or no‐voice procedures. We suggest that in situations where people are strongly outcome dependent they assume that the authority may not consider their views, and therefore voice procedures exert less influence on people's procedure judgments than in situations wher…
The effect of feedback on support for a sanctioning system in a social dilemma: The difference between installing and maintaining the sanction
Undermining trust and cooperation: The paradox of sanctioning systems in social dilemmas
How do people react to negative procedures? On the moderating role of authority’s biased attitudes
Procedural justice and intragroup status: Knowing where we stand in a group enhances reactions to procedures
Do-no-harm in coalition formation: Why losses inhibit exclusion and promote fairness cognitions
The role of standing in the psychology of procedural justice: Towards theoretical integration
In the current chapter, the authors explore the relation between social standing and procedural justice. Standing is an important construct in procedural justice theories and tends to be broadly defined as the position that people have in social groups. It is argued that the standing construct suffers from conceptual ambiguity: In procedural justice literature two distinct interpretations of standing can be distinguished, one defining standing as…
Resources and alternatives in coalition formation: The effects on payoff, self‐serving behaviour, and bargaining length
A consistent finding in coalition research is that the payoff of coalition members is related to (a) the resources they contribute to the coalition, and to (b) the number of alternative coalitions they can form. These two factors are, however, often intertwined. A greater number of resources tends to go hand in hand with a greater number of alternatives, leaving unanswered how both factors affect coalition behaviour. This paper attempts to clarif…
The interplay of self‐interest and equity in coalition formation
In this paper we investigated the interplay of self‐interest and equity concerns in coalition formation by manipulating the number of units in which the coalition payoff is made available, and by manipulating the way people are allowed to interact. Results of three experiments showed that when the coalition payoff was such that members of each possible coalition could obtain an equitable payoff share, the outcome tended to be coalitions that also…
Group Belongingness and Procedural Justice: Social Inclusion and Exclusion by Peers Affects the Psychology of Voice
The authors focus on the relation between group membership and procedural justice. They argue that whether people are socially included or excluded by their peers influences their reactions to unrelated experiences of procedural justice. Findings from 2 experiments corroborate the prediction that reactions to voice as opposed to no-voice procedures are affected more strongly when people are included in a group than when they are excluded from a g…
Preferences for leadership in social dilemmas: Public good dilemmas versus common resource dilemmas
Procedural justice and status: Status salience as antecedent of procedural fairness effects
The current article explores status as an antecedent of procedural fairness effects (the findings that perceived procedural fairness affects people's reactions, e.g., their relational judgments). On the basis of the literature, the authors proposed that salience of the general concept of status leads people to be more attentive to procedural fairness information and that, as a consequence, stronger procedural fairness effects should be found. In …
Will we be working together again? The impact of future interdependence on group members' task motivation
The extent to which group members contribute effort efficiently, i.e. to the extent that their efforts add to the group product, or equally to their fellow worker is investigated as a function of group members' expectations about future interdependence. An experimental set‐up was employed in which (1) participants were able to determine what would be an efficient and what would be an equal amount of effort to exert, and (2) in which efficiency an…
Bad news transmission as a function of the definitiveness of consequences and the relationship between communicator and recipient
There is ample evidence suggesting (e.g., A. Tesser & S. Rosen, 1975) that people are reluctant to transmit bad news. Research on rumors, on the other hand, suggests that people sometimes are less reluctant to transmit bad news. It is argued that differences between the 2 lines of research include the definitiveness of the consequences of the news and the relationship between communicator and recipient. The influence of these 2 factors on news tr…
Decision-induced focusing in social dilemmas: Give-some, keep-some, take-some, and leave-some dilemmas
Previous research on asymmetric social dilemmas has suggested that public good dilemmas evoke different choice behaviors than do resource dilemmas. The authors propose that these differences reflect a differential focus that is dependent on the way decisions are generally presented in the dilemma types. In agreement with this, the results of 2 experimental studies suggest that, in public good dilemmas, group members are less focused on the conseq…
Explaining Proenvironmental Intention and Behavior by Personal Norms and the Theory of Planned Behavior 1
The value of personal norms (Schwartz, 1977) for proenvironmental behavior has been demonstrated in previous studies (e.g., Vining & Ebreo, 1992), but not in addition to the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen & Madden, 1986). In the present study, this combination was investigated by means of a mail survey among a sample of 305 Dutch citizens who were enlisted to participate in a behavioral change intervention program on environmentally relevant b…
Conditional Contributions and Public Good Provision: Perceptions, Motives, and Behavioral Reactions
Previous studies have demonstrated that communication facilitates the provision of public goods, and that part of the success of communication lies in its propensity to elicit promises to contribute. In this article we focus on reactions to conditional promises, and in particular on `promises than cannot be broken' (i.e. conditional contributions). In an experimental study, participants were led to believe they were a member of a five-person grou…
The Use of Hard and Soft Influence Tactics in Cooperative Task Groups
This study focused on the effect of relative competence and confidence in one's own task solution on the use of hard and soft influence tactics. For this purpose a 2 (relative competence: high/low) × 2 (influence tactic: hard/soft) between-subjects design, with the level of confidence generated by task characteristics as within-subjects factor, was employed. Results revealed that high competence individuals were less susceptible to the strength o…
Sometimes unfair procedures have nice aspects: On the psychology of the fair process effect
This article focuses on the psychology of the fair process effect (the frequently replicated finding that perceived procedural fairness positively affects people's reactions). It is argued that when people receive an unfavorable outcome, they may start looking for causes that explain why they received this outcome. Furthermore, the authors propose that unfair procedures provide an opportunity to attribute one's unfavorable outcome to external cau…
What Information Do We Use in Social Dilemmas? Environmental Uncertainty and the Employment of Coordination Rules
Public good provision under environmental and social uncertainty
Social dilemmas face people with various kinds of uncertainty. To extend earlier research on environmental uncertainty in resource dilemmas (i.e. uncertainty about the resource size), the present experiment examines the effects of Environmental Uncertainty (low, high uncertainty about the provision point) and Social Uncertainty (low, high uncertainty about others' cooperation) in a public goods dilemma. In line with Social Comparison Theory, it w…
When do we need procedural fairness? The role of trust in authority
On the basis of fairness heuristic theory, the authors argue that when information about whether an authority can be trusted is not available, people will resolve the question of how they should interpret the decisions of the authority by relying on perceived procedural fairness. As a consequence, people who do not have information about authority's trustworthiness react more positively toward the outcomes of authority's decisions if the authorit…
Effects of the legitimacy of low group or individual status on individual and collective status-enhancement strategies
Item does not contain fulltext
How do I judge my outcome when I do not know the outcome of others? The psychology of the fair process effect
Individual adaptations and structural change as solutions to social dilemmas
Social identification and permeability of group boundaries
Two experiments were conducted to investigate some of the factors affecting social identification. In Experiment 1 ingroup identification was measured for subjects who were members of high or low status groups with either permeable or impermeable boundaries, and who received high, average or low ability feedback. The main results are that (1) members of high status groups show more ingroup identification than members of low status groups (2) memb…
Undermining trust and cooperation: The paradox of sanctioning systems in social dilemmas
When do we need procedural fairness? The role of trust in authority
On the basis of fairness heuristic theory, the authors argue that when information about whether an authority can be trusted is not available, people will resolve the question of how they should interpret the decisions of the authority by relying on perceived procedural fairness. As a consequence, people who do not have information about authority's trustworthiness react more positively toward the outcomes of authority's decisions if the authorit…
Coordination Rules in Asymmetric Social Dilemmas: A Comparison between Public Good Dilemmas and Resource Dilemmas
Evaluating outcomes by means of the fair process effect: Evidence for different processes in fairness and satisfaction judgments
The authors refine and extend their explanation of the psychology of the fair process effect (the positive influence of procedural fairness on outcome evaluations). On the basis of fairness heuristic theory's substitutability proposition, the authors predicted and found that outcome evaluations show strong effects of procedural fairness when outcomes are better or worse than expected, whereas less strong fair process effects appear when outcomes …
Status protection in high status minority groups
The present study investigated the conditions under which group members try to obtain membership in another group, or are motivated to protect their group membership when they risk losing it. One hundred and twenty‐nine high school students participated as subjects in a laboratory experiment. Subjects were divided into two groups, allegedly on the basis of their problem solving style. The relative size (minority/majority) and status position (hig…
Value Orientation and Conformity: A Study Using Three Types of Social Dilemma Games
Three different types of N-person social dilemma games were employed: the Prisoner's Dilemma (NPD), the Chicken Dilemma (NCD), and the Trust Dilemma (NTD). Subjects, who were classified a priori as either a cooperator (n = 58) or a defector (n = 68), participated in one of the social dilemma games before they received bogus feedback: they were told that the majority had chosen the defecting alternative D, or that the majority had chosen the coope…
Procedural fairness and self‐esteem
We argue that people's self‐esteem is affected by the fairness of procedures to which they are subjected; unfair treatment will lower self‐esteem. Moreover, since this influence on self‐esteem is presumably due to the implicit evaluation expressed by the choice of procedure and hence by the evaluation expressed by the person implementing the procedure, people's concern with the fairness of treatment will be focused on the interactional aspects of…
Individual and structural solutions to resource dilemmas in two cultures
Administered a resource management task to 86 US and 97 Dutch undergraduates. Ss were divided into groups of 6 and instructed to harvest points from a regenerating resource pool. Their objective was to maximize individual harvests while maintaining the resource pool. The factorial design crossed 3 levels of resource use (overuse, underuse, and optimal use) with 2 levels of variance of others' purported harvests (low and high). Both variables were…
Scarcity or abundance caused by people or the environment as determinants of behavior in the resource dilemma
What Information Do We Use in Social Dilemmas? Environmental Uncertainty and the Employment of Coordination Rules
Less power or powerless? Egocentric empathy gaps and the irony of having little versus no power in social decision making
The authors investigate the effect of power differences and associated expectations in social decision making. Using a modified ultimatum game, the authors show that allocators lower their offers to recipients when the power difference shifts in favor of the allocator. Remarkably, however, when recipients are completely powerless, offers increase. This effect is mediated by a change in framing of the situation: When the opponent is without power,…
Group Belongingness and Procedural Justice: Social Inclusion and Exclusion by Peers Affects the Psychology of Voice
The authors focus on the relation between group membership and procedural justice. They argue that whether people are socially included or excluded by their peers influences their reactions to unrelated experiences of procedural justice. Findings from 2 experiments corroborate the prediction that reactions to voice as opposed to no-voice procedures are affected more strongly when people are included in a group than when they are excluded from a g…
Differential Interests, Equity, and Public Good Provision
Do-no-harm in coalition formation: Why losses inhibit exclusion and promote fairness cognitions
Decision-induced focusing in social dilemmas: Give-some, keep-some, take-some, and leave-some dilemmas
Previous research on asymmetric social dilemmas has suggested that public good dilemmas evoke different choice behaviors than do resource dilemmas. The authors propose that these differences reflect a differential focus that is dependent on the way decisions are generally presented in the dilemma types. In agreement with this, the results of 2 experimental studies suggest that, in public good dilemmas, group members are less focused on the conseq…
The effect of social categorization on cooperation in three types of social dilemmas
Procedural justice and intragroup status: Knowing where we stand in a group enhances reactions to procedures
Prototypicality of arguments and conformity to ingroup norms
Social categorization is claimed to elicit a tendency to conform to ingroup norms, which may result in attitude change after exposure to information on the opinions of other ingroup members. It was hypothesized that the degree to which arguments represented ingroup norms, i.e., were prototypical, would affect their potential influence on attitudes, such that prototypical arguments would be perceived as being of higher quality and would elicit mor…
How do people react to negative procedures? On the moderating role of authority’s biased attitudes
Cognitions and behaviour in a hierarchy: Mulder's power theory revisited
In this study, Mulder's power theory consisting of the power distance reduction tendency (PDR) of less powerful group members towards more powerful others, and the power distance enlargement tendency (PDE) of more powerful group members towards less powerful others, is investigated. In particular, two different interpretations of the relationships Mulder hypothesized between power distance and power tendencies are examined. In Experiment 1 no sup…
Subordinates' endorsement of an allocating leader in a commons dilemma: An equity theoretical approach
Coalition formation on the gameboard
This study explored the different interpretations of the 4‐3‐2 power pattern (Caplow, 1956) in the standard pachisiboard situation, originated by Vinacke and Arkoff (1957). The results show that A (=4) does not misperceive his power more than B (=3) or C (=2), as Kelley and Arrowood (1960) and Vinacke and Arkoff (1957) assumed. The results also did not fit the predictions of game theory (Shapley and Shubik, 1964). Gamson's (1964) explanation was …
The obligation to help: The effect of levels of prior help on subsequent helping behavior
Overpayment: Perceived qualifications and financial compensation
In this study expectancy and equity theory were compared. An experiment was carried out on the effect of overpayment. Overpayment was manipulated by varying perceived input (perceived qualifications) and received outcome (financial compensation). The experiment consisted of a 2 × 3 design: two levels of payment (4 guilders p.h. and 8 guilders p.h.) and three levels of perceived qualifications (high, medium, low). Sixty‐six subjects were hired thr…
Individual risk taking for self and others
In this experimental study, individual risk taking for self and others was observed for three experimental situations (the choice dilemma situations of Kogan and Wallach, 1964, the Pruitt and Teger gambling situation, 1969, and a simple one‐trial gamble game). The results of the present study suggest that one takes as much risk for oneself as for somebody else. An attempt was made to determine to what degree the results could be explained by prop…
A comparison of rotation versus non‐rotation in coalition formation experiments
Coalition formation: Political attitudes and power
In this study 2 theories have been tested: Minimum Range theory (de Swaan, 1970; Leierson, 1970) and Minimal Resource theory (Caplow, 1956; Riker, 1962; Gamson, 1964). In an experimental simulation (Runkel and McGrath, 1972)political attitudes (left, centre and right) and power differences (40 seats in parliament, 30 seats and 20 seats) have been induced. The results suggest that in the beginning of the bargaining process people communicate about…
Perceptions of collégiens and apprentis re‐analyzed
Individual adaptations and structural change as solutions to social dilemmas
Individual and structural solutions to resource dilemmas in two cultures
Administered a resource management task to 86 US and 97 Dutch undergraduates. Ss were divided into groups of 6 and instructed to harvest points from a regenerating resource pool. Their objective was to maximize individual harvests while maintaining the resource pool. The factorial design crossed 3 levels of resource use (overuse, underuse, and optimal use) with 2 levels of variance of others' purported harvests (low and high). Both variables were…
Value Orientation and Conformity: A Study Using Three Types of Social Dilemma Games
Three different types of N-person social dilemma games were employed: the Prisoner's Dilemma (NPD), the Chicken Dilemma (NCD), and the Trust Dilemma (NTD). Subjects, who were classified a priori as either a cooperator (n = 58) or a defector (n = 68), participated in one of the social dilemma games before they received bogus feedback: they were told that the majority had chosen the defecting alternative D, or that the majority had chosen the coope…
Scarcity or abundance caused by people or the environment as determinants of behavior in the resource dilemma
Subordinates' endorsement of an allocating leader in a commons dilemma: An equity theoretical approach
Social identification and permeability of group boundaries
Two experiments were conducted to investigate some of the factors affecting social identification. In Experiment 1 ingroup identification was measured for subjects who were members of high or low status groups with either permeable or impermeable boundaries, and who received high, average or low ability feedback. The main results are that (1) members of high status groups show more ingroup identification than members of low status groups (2) memb…
Social categorization and attitude change
Two experiments were carried out investigating the effect of categorization on attitude change. It was predicted that the division of a number of individuals into two subgroups (categorization), in such a way that initial attitudes correlate with subgroup membership, would lead to accentuation of attitudinal differences between subgroups. It was further predicted that an identical distribution of initial attitudes without superimposed categorizat…
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Foreign Aid Deservingness Decisions
This study presents a conceptual model that describes how aid deservingness decisions are made. The model contains the three concepts of need, similarity, and estimated effectiveness. The model also includes an interaction component involving need and similarity. Two variables were used to operationalize each of the three concepts. A total of 136 subjects from the Netherlands, Japan, and the United States were asked to rate 96 stimulus countries …
About the saliency of fear and greed in social dilemmas
Simmons, Dawes and Orbell (1984) suggested that greed provides a more important motive for non‐cooperation in a social dilemma than fear. However, there are at least three reasons to reinvestigate the relative impact of fear and greed on cooperation in social dilemmas. First, the Simmons et al. results were not replicated in a recent study (Van Avermaet and Van Nieuwkerke, in press). Second in the two forementioned studies a step‐level public goo…
Reciprocity: Choice shift in a social trap
In the present study it was investigated if choice behaviour in a social trap situation was affected by feedback about the choice of others. On top of the social trap reward structure investigated by Schroeder, Jensen, Reed, Sullivan and Schwab (1983) a bonus was added. In the individual bonus condition subjects were promised an unspecified bonus if they would obtain more points than any other group member of one's group. In the group bonus condi…
The influence of permeability of group boundaries and stability of group status on strategies of individual mobility and social change
According to social identity theory, striving of group members for enhancement of their social identity may be resolved through individual mobility (i.e. by dissociation from one's own group in order to gain membership of a higher status group), or by social change (i.e. by upgrading the status position of the in-group as a whole). Individual mobility may only be achieved when group boundaries are permeable; social change is only feasible when gr…
Processing Sequential Status Information
We investigated effects of the provision of sequential status information on influence acceptance. For this purpose we introduced a modification of the experimental paradigm used in expectation states theory (EST) research. Influence acceptance was measured in three rounds. Round 1, in which no status information was conveyed, provided a base rate of influence acceptance. During Round 2 subjects were ascribed higher or lower status than a fictiti…
Greed, Efficiency and Fairness in Resource Management Situations
Whereas rational choice theory predicts that harvesting in resource management situations is completely determined by greed, being the dominant choice, the GEF hypothesis predicts that although individuals are greedy (G), their greed is constrained by two other motives: the desire to use the resource efficiently (E) and the desire to realize fairness (F), referring to equal outcomes for all participants. The GEF hypothesis was corroborated by res…
The effect of social categorization on cooperation in three types of social dilemmas
Status protection in high status minority groups
The present study investigated the conditions under which group members try to obtain membership in another group, or are motivated to protect their group membership when they risk losing it. One hundred and twenty‐nine high school students participated as subjects in a laboratory experiment. Subjects were divided into two groups, allegedly on the basis of their problem solving style. The relative size (minority/majority) and status position (hig…
Prototypicality of arguments and conformity to ingroup norms
Social categorization is claimed to elicit a tendency to conform to ingroup norms, which may result in attitude change after exposure to information on the opinions of other ingroup members. It was hypothesized that the degree to which arguments represented ingroup norms, i.e., were prototypical, would affect their potential influence on attitudes, such that prototypical arguments would be perceived as being of higher quality and would elicit mor…
Cognitions and behaviour in a hierarchy: Mulder's power theory revisited
In this study, Mulder's power theory consisting of the power distance reduction tendency (PDR) of less powerful group members towards more powerful others, and the power distance enlargement tendency (PDE) of more powerful group members towards less powerful others, is investigated. In particular, two different interpretations of the relationships Mulder hypothesized between power distance and power tendencies are examined. In Experiment 1 no sup…
Procedural fairness and self‐esteem
We argue that people's self‐esteem is affected by the fairness of procedures to which they are subjected; unfair treatment will lower self‐esteem. Moreover, since this influence on self‐esteem is presumably due to the implicit evaluation expressed by the choice of procedure and hence by the evaluation expressed by the person implementing the procedure, people's concern with the fairness of treatment will be focused on the interactional aspects of…
Psychology (62 works) · Social Psychology (59 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (36 works) · Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies (35 works) · Social Psychology (28 works) · Economics (27 works) · Microeconomics (21 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (18 works) · Political science (18 works) · Computer Science (13 works)