Ira Klein
Biographic Data
| ID | 3857753 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ira Klein |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ira |
| FAMILY NAME | Klein |
| SIGNATURE | KLEIN I |
| AFFILIATIONS | American University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 105 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1965 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
British Reforms, Commercial Agriculture, and Agrarian Distress in India
The best laid plans for social and economic transformation often fail, fare badly, suffer poor implementation, take a century or more to succeed, or deceptively mask other motivations. Those deviat
Development and death
Materialism, Mutiny and Modernization in British India
British rule in India probably was in the reformist van of colonial regimes, but by Independence relatively few among the Indian populace had benefited notably from Western 'modernization'. Although praised lavishly by a past generation of English historians for equipping India for 'rapid progress' under 'the rule of law', British policies hardly represented exemplary social engineering or 'transformed' the prosperity, health, well being, educati…
Imperialism, ecology and disease
Population growth and mortality in British India Part II
The author continues to examine the causes of the rapid growth of population that occurred in India following World War I. In this second part of a two-part article he looks at the causes of the mortality decline that occurred in the interwar period particularly why mortality declined so rapidly without significant evidence of material advances among the population as a whole. The causes of the decline are identified as a reduction in mortality f…
Population growth and mortality Part I
The author examines the causes of the rapid growth in population that occurred in India following World War I. His primary thesis is that the decline in mortality that led to a population explosion was not caused by better material or medical conditions; it primarily reflects involuntary causes particularly the impact on human immunities of changes in disease ecology. In this first part the author focuses on mortality in the 50-year period from 1…
Plague, Policy and Popular Unrest in British India
The dark and fatal passage of plague across the Indian sub-continent in the early twentieth-century, and the inability of Western medicine quickly to halt its incursions symptomized disharmonies in the relationship between modernization and Indian society and ecology. The impact of economic development and environmental change on Indian mortality has been examined elsewhere, but the result was the perpetuation or increase of high death-rates from…
Urban Development and Death
Historians, statesmen, administrators, nationalists and others have disagreed sharply about the impact of modernization in the era of Western domination. Did Western rule provide the tools for Indian progress but did economically medieval, 'other-worldly' Indians fail to maximize the benefits of modernization and even thwart advances? Conversely, did Western imperialism systematically impoverish India by making it a 'satellite,' freezing the subc…
When the rains failed
British Policy and the Iranian Constitution, 1919‐1921
Population and Agriculture in Northern India, 1872-1921
What were the relationships between agriculture, natural calamity, standards of living, and population growth in India? To what extent were Indian agriculturalists able to raise their standard of living in the nineteenth century under British rule? Why did population grow, or fail to expand, in particular regions and provinces at certain times? Historians have left these questions virtually untouched. Population growth has been at the center of t…
Indian nationalism and anti‐industrialization
(1973). Indian nationalism and anti‐industrialization: The roots of Gandhian economics. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 93-104
Death in India, 1871-1921
The British impact on India perhaps was as profound on issues of the death rate and population growth as on political and economic development, but it has been less thoroughly examined.1 And in contrast to successes by the mid-twentieth century in limiting small-pox, malaria, and cholera, there was an earlier and darker tale, almost as obscure as the lives of the millions who perished in terrible epidemics in the late nineteenth and early twentie…
Whitehall, Washington, and the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 1919-1921
Imperial Conference of 1921 were crucial in determining whether Britain would remain allied with Japan. J. Bartlett Brebner, J. Chal Vinson, and M. G. Fry have presented different views, however, about the policies and successes of each Dominion at this conference. Did the eloquence of Canadian Prime Minister Arthur Meighen change the minds of British leaders, influencing them to abandon the alliance? Or did the Dominions come to the imperial mee…
Malaria and Mortality in Bengal, 1840-1921
VI. British Intervention in the Persian Revolution, 1905–1909
The activity of the foreign Powers in Persia during the early twentieth century has begun to receive historians’ attention; the British role in the Persian struggle against Kajar despotism, however, has not been made clear. The British have been pictured as indecisive and as not significantly supporting the Persian revolution. Or, where they have been described as aiding rebellion, only vague implications exist as to their purpose: hints that bef…
British Imperialism in Decline
(1971). British Imperialism in Decline: Tibet, 1914–21. The Historian: Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 100-115
The Anglo-Russian Convention and the Problem of Central Asia, 1907–1914
For the British, the Anglo-Russian Convention was the culmination of repeated efforts, first begun by Lord Salisbury's government in the 1880s, later reiterated by the ministry of Arthur Balfour after the turn of the century, to come to terms with Russia in Asia. What was the effect on the British position in Asia of the agreement which the Liberal administration of Henry Campbell-Bannerman finally obtained in 1907? The actual working of the Conv…
English Free Traders and Indian Tariffs, 1874-96
Indian tariff policies, historians of British India have stressed, illustrated an economic determinism in imperialism, in which Manchester blatantly served its self-interest in generating exploitative policies. Ironically, the influential work of John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson, which indirectly qualified the idea of an imperialism that was solely economically motivated, has helped to produce a new view of British economic exploitation regardi…
Wilson Vs Trevelyan
VI. Britain, Siam and the Malay Peninsula, 1906–1909
The British ‘New Imperialism’ has frequently been described as a monolith, generated in the opinion of Hobson and others by the search for capital outlets and markets, or in Schumpeter's analysis by the residue of feudalism.2 These mechanistic interpretations allow little importance to mediating philosophies or institutions, to anti-imperialist convictions or inner divisiveness, or to conditions in indigenous societies. Views of the uniqueness of…
Salisbury, Rosebery, and the Survival of Siam
Siam's struggle for survival against imperialism reached its nadir in the crisis of 1893. The beginning of its emergence from danger is generally marked by the Anglo-French guarantee of the integrity of the Menam basin in 1896. A number of questions remain unanswered regarding these critical three years. What was the Siamese role in the precipitation of the crisis and the formulation of the Menam guarantee? Was there a meaningful change in Great …
Utilitarianism and Agrarian Progress in Western India
Plague, Policy and Popular Unrest in British India
The dark and fatal passage of plague across the Indian sub-continent in the early twentieth-century, and the inability of Western medicine quickly to halt its incursions symptomized disharmonies in the relationship between modernization and Indian society and ecology. The impact of economic development and environmental change on Indian mortality has been examined elsewhere, but the result was the perpetuation or increase of high death-rates from…
Urban Development and Death
Historians, statesmen, administrators, nationalists and others have disagreed sharply about the impact of modernization in the era of Western domination. Did Western rule provide the tools for Indian progress but did economically medieval, 'other-worldly' Indians fail to maximize the benefits of modernization and even thwart advances? Conversely, did Western imperialism systematically impoverish India by making it a 'satellite,' freezing the subc…
When the rains failed
Death in India, 1871-1921
The British impact on India perhaps was as profound on issues of the death rate and population growth as on political and economic development, but it has been less thoroughly examined.1 And in contrast to successes by the mid-twentieth century in limiting small-pox, malaria, and cholera, there was an earlier and darker tale, almost as obscure as the lives of the millions who perished in terrible epidemics in the late nineteenth and early twentie…
Materialism, Mutiny and Modernization in British India
British rule in India probably was in the reformist van of colonial regimes, but by Independence relatively few among the Indian populace had benefited notably from Western 'modernization'. Although praised lavishly by a past generation of English historians for equipping India for 'rapid progress' under 'the rule of law', British policies hardly represented exemplary social engineering or 'transformed' the prosperity, health, well being, educati…
Development and death
Malaria and Mortality in Bengal, 1840-1921
Imperialism, ecology and disease
Population growth and mortality in British India Part II
The author continues to examine the causes of the rapid growth of population that occurred in India following World War I. In this second part of a two-part article he looks at the causes of the mortality decline that occurred in the interwar period particularly why mortality declined so rapidly without significant evidence of material advances among the population as a whole. The causes of the decline are identified as a reduction in mortality f…
Population and Agriculture in Northern India, 1872-1921
What were the relationships between agriculture, natural calamity, standards of living, and population growth in India? To what extent were Indian agriculturalists able to raise their standard of living in the nineteenth century under British rule? Why did population grow, or fail to expand, in particular regions and provinces at certain times? Historians have left these questions virtually untouched. Population growth has been at the center of t…
The Anglo-Russian Convention and the Problem of Central Asia, 1907–1914
For the British, the Anglo-Russian Convention was the culmination of repeated efforts, first begun by Lord Salisbury's government in the 1880s, later reiterated by the ministry of Arthur Balfour after the turn of the century, to come to terms with Russia in Asia. What was the effect on the British position in Asia of the agreement which the Liberal administration of Henry Campbell-Bannerman finally obtained in 1907? The actual working of the Conv…
Utilitarianism and Agrarian Progress in Western India
VI. British Intervention in the Persian Revolution, 1905–1909
The activity of the foreign Powers in Persia during the early twentieth century has begun to receive historians’ attention; the British role in the Persian struggle against Kajar despotism, however, has not been made clear. The British have been pictured as indecisive and as not significantly supporting the Persian revolution. Or, where they have been described as aiding rebellion, only vague implications exist as to their purpose: hints that bef…
English Free Traders and Indian Tariffs, 1874-96
Indian tariff policies, historians of British India have stressed, illustrated an economic determinism in imperialism, in which Manchester blatantly served its self-interest in generating exploitative policies. Ironically, the influential work of John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson, which indirectly qualified the idea of an imperialism that was solely economically motivated, has helped to produce a new view of British economic exploitation regardi…
Population growth and mortality Part I
The author examines the causes of the rapid growth in population that occurred in India following World War I. His primary thesis is that the decline in mortality that led to a population explosion was not caused by better material or medical conditions; it primarily reflects involuntary causes particularly the impact on human immunities of changes in disease ecology. In this first part the author focuses on mortality in the 50-year period from 1…
VI. Britain, Siam and the Malay Peninsula, 1906–1909
The British ‘New Imperialism’ has frequently been described as a monolith, generated in the opinion of Hobson and others by the search for capital outlets and markets, or in Schumpeter's analysis by the residue of feudalism.2 These mechanistic interpretations allow little importance to mediating philosophies or institutions, to anti-imperialist convictions or inner divisiveness, or to conditions in indigenous societies. Views of the uniqueness of…
Whitehall, Washington, and the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 1919-1921
Imperial Conference of 1921 were crucial in determining whether Britain would remain allied with Japan. J. Bartlett Brebner, J. Chal Vinson, and M. G. Fry have presented different views, however, about the policies and successes of each Dominion at this conference. Did the eloquence of Canadian Prime Minister Arthur Meighen change the minds of British leaders, influencing them to abandon the alliance? Or did the Dominions come to the imperial mee…
Salisbury, Rosebery, and the Survival of Siam
Siam's struggle for survival against imperialism reached its nadir in the crisis of 1893. The beginning of its emergence from danger is generally marked by the Anglo-French guarantee of the integrity of the Menam basin in 1896. A number of questions remain unanswered regarding these critical three years. What was the Siamese role in the precipitation of the crisis and the formulation of the Menam guarantee? Was there a meaningful change in Great …
Utilitarianism and Agrarian Progress in Western India
Salisbury, Rosebery, and the Survival of Siam
Siam's struggle for survival against imperialism reached its nadir in the crisis of 1893. The beginning of its emergence from danger is generally marked by the Anglo-French guarantee of the integrity of the Menam basin in 1896. A number of questions remain unanswered regarding these critical three years. What was the Siamese role in the precipitation of the crisis and the formulation of the Menam guarantee? Was there a meaningful change in Great …
VI. Britain, Siam and the Malay Peninsula, 1906–1909
The British ‘New Imperialism’ has frequently been described as a monolith, generated in the opinion of Hobson and others by the search for capital outlets and markets, or in Schumpeter's analysis by the residue of feudalism.2 These mechanistic interpretations allow little importance to mediating philosophies or institutions, to anti-imperialist convictions or inner divisiveness, or to conditions in indigenous societies. Views of the uniqueness of…
Wilson Vs Trevelyan
British Imperialism in Decline
(1971). British Imperialism in Decline: Tibet, 1914–21. The Historian: Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 100-115
The Anglo-Russian Convention and the Problem of Central Asia, 1907–1914
For the British, the Anglo-Russian Convention was the culmination of repeated efforts, first begun by Lord Salisbury's government in the 1880s, later reiterated by the ministry of Arthur Balfour after the turn of the century, to come to terms with Russia in Asia. What was the effect on the British position in Asia of the agreement which the Liberal administration of Henry Campbell-Bannerman finally obtained in 1907? The actual working of the Conv…
English Free Traders and Indian Tariffs, 1874-96
Indian tariff policies, historians of British India have stressed, illustrated an economic determinism in imperialism, in which Manchester blatantly served its self-interest in generating exploitative policies. Ironically, the influential work of John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson, which indirectly qualified the idea of an imperialism that was solely economically motivated, has helped to produce a new view of British economic exploitation regardi…
Whitehall, Washington, and the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 1919-1921
Imperial Conference of 1921 were crucial in determining whether Britain would remain allied with Japan. J. Bartlett Brebner, J. Chal Vinson, and M. G. Fry have presented different views, however, about the policies and successes of each Dominion at this conference. Did the eloquence of Canadian Prime Minister Arthur Meighen change the minds of British leaders, influencing them to abandon the alliance? Or did the Dominions come to the imperial mee…
Malaria and Mortality in Bengal, 1840-1921
VI. British Intervention in the Persian Revolution, 1905–1909
The activity of the foreign Powers in Persia during the early twentieth century has begun to receive historians’ attention; the British role in the Persian struggle against Kajar despotism, however, has not been made clear. The British have been pictured as indecisive and as not significantly supporting the Persian revolution. Or, where they have been described as aiding rebellion, only vague implications exist as to their purpose: hints that bef…
Indian nationalism and anti‐industrialization
(1973). Indian nationalism and anti‐industrialization: The roots of Gandhian economics. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 93-104
Death in India, 1871-1921
The British impact on India perhaps was as profound on issues of the death rate and population growth as on political and economic development, but it has been less thoroughly examined.1 And in contrast to successes by the mid-twentieth century in limiting small-pox, malaria, and cholera, there was an earlier and darker tale, almost as obscure as the lives of the millions who perished in terrible epidemics in the late nineteenth and early twentie…
British Policy and the Iranian Constitution, 1919‐1921
Population and Agriculture in Northern India, 1872-1921
What were the relationships between agriculture, natural calamity, standards of living, and population growth in India? To what extent were Indian agriculturalists able to raise their standard of living in the nineteenth century under British rule? Why did population grow, or fail to expand, in particular regions and provinces at certain times? Historians have left these questions virtually untouched. Population growth has been at the center of t…
When the rains failed
Urban Development and Death
Historians, statesmen, administrators, nationalists and others have disagreed sharply about the impact of modernization in the era of Western domination. Did Western rule provide the tools for Indian progress but did economically medieval, 'other-worldly' Indians fail to maximize the benefits of modernization and even thwart advances? Conversely, did Western imperialism systematically impoverish India by making it a 'satellite,' freezing the subc…
Plague, Policy and Popular Unrest in British India
The dark and fatal passage of plague across the Indian sub-continent in the early twentieth-century, and the inability of Western medicine quickly to halt its incursions symptomized disharmonies in the relationship between modernization and Indian society and ecology. The impact of economic development and environmental change on Indian mortality has been examined elsewhere, but the result was the perpetuation or increase of high death-rates from…
Population growth and mortality Part I
The author examines the causes of the rapid growth in population that occurred in India following World War I. His primary thesis is that the decline in mortality that led to a population explosion was not caused by better material or medical conditions; it primarily reflects involuntary causes particularly the impact on human immunities of changes in disease ecology. In this first part the author focuses on mortality in the 50-year period from 1…
Population growth and mortality in British India Part II
The author continues to examine the causes of the rapid growth of population that occurred in India following World War I. In this second part of a two-part article he looks at the causes of the mortality decline that occurred in the interwar period particularly why mortality declined so rapidly without significant evidence of material advances among the population as a whole. The causes of the decline are identified as a reduction in mortality f…
Imperialism, ecology and disease
Materialism, Mutiny and Modernization in British India
British rule in India probably was in the reformist van of colonial regimes, but by Independence relatively few among the Indian populace had benefited notably from Western 'modernization'. Although praised lavishly by a past generation of English historians for equipping India for 'rapid progress' under 'the rule of law', British policies hardly represented exemplary social engineering or 'transformed' the prosperity, health, well being, educati…
Development and death
British Reforms, Commercial Agriculture, and Agrarian Distress in India
The best laid plans for social and economic transformation often fail, fare badly, suffer poor implementation, take a century or more to succeed, or deceptively mask other motivations. Those deviat
Political science (18 works) · History (13 works) · Law (13 works) · History (12 works) · Economics (11 works) · Geography (11 works) · Law (11 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Ancient history (8 works) · Archaeology (8 works)