Gina M Vincent
Biographic Data
| ID | 4126858 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gina M Vincent |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gina M |
| FAMILY NAME | Vincent |
| SIGNATURE | VINCENT G M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9315-9584 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 13 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 12 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 13 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Disparate impact of risk assessment instruments
OBJECTIVE: One concern about the use of risk assessment instruments in legal decisions is the potential for disparate impact by race or ethnicity. This means that one racial or ethnic group will experience harsher legal outcomes than another because of higher or biased risk estimates. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to synthesize research examining the real-world impact of juvenile and adult risk instruments on racial/ethnic di…
The structured assessment of violence risk in youth demonstrates measurement invariance between Black and White justice-referred youths
OBJECTIVE: Identification and implementation of effective methods for reducing racial/ethnic bias and disparities in legal settings are paramount in the United States and other countries. One procedure originally thought to reduce bias in legal decisions is the use of risk assessment instruments, which is now being heavily scrutinized. Measurement invariance, a latent trait technique, is a robust method for assessing one form of bias. Measurement…
Sustainability of Evidence-Based Practices
This quasi-experimental, pre-post study investigated the sustainability of risk-needs assessment (RNA) and the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) practices in five juvenile probation offices across two states 7 years after rigorous implementation. The study evaluated adherence to practices and facilitators of sustainability via interviews with leadership ( N = 10) and probation officers ( N = 84) and a seventh-year cohort of youth propensity score matc…
Factors contributing to the delayed submission of competence to stand trial reports and the jail-based competency crisis in Washington
Probation Officer Assessments of Risk when the Youth Look Different
Various groups have expressed considerable concern about the potential for actuarial risk assessments to exacerbate racial disparities in justice settings. This study examined that potential when using a different approach to risk assessment, structured professional judgment (SPJ), by comparing risk decisions made by evaluators when the examinee’s race was different versus the same as theirs. A large sample of youth (N = 1,308) evaluated on the S…
Introduction to this Special Issue on implementing evidence‐based practices in forensic settings
Risk–need–responsivity
With a sample of 125 adults under community supervision (71.20% male, 76.00% White, mean age = 33.17 years), this study evaluated need‐to‐service matching using an evaluation framework from implementation science. Need‐to‐service matching is a case management strategy intended to align service referrals in case plans with justice‐involved persons' criminogenic needs. The results indicated that need‐to‐service matching reached a high percentage of…
Forensic practitioners’ use and perceptions of telepsychology before and during Covid-19
OBJECTIVE: This survey study reports the substantial impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the use and perceived advantages and disadvantages of telepsychology among forensic practitioners. HYPOTHESES: We hypothesized that telepsychology use among forensic practitioners would substantially increase during the pandemic. Additional exploratory research questions examined (a) changes in the frequency, type, nature, and motivation …
Risk-Need-Responsivity Meets Mental Health
This study examined the feasibility of and fidelity to risk/needs assessment, mental health screening, and risk-need-responsivity (RNR)-based case planning within juvenile probation in two states. The researcher-guided implementation effort included the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-2 (MAYSI-2), Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY), and policies to prioritize criminogenic needs while using mental health services only…
Racist Algorithms or Systemic Problems? Risk Assessments and Racial Disparities
As recent and historical events attest, racial and ethnic disparities are widely engrained into the justice system. Recently, scholars and policymakers have raised concerns that risk assessment instruments may exacerbate these disparities. While it is critical that risk instruments be scrutinized for racial bias, some concerns, though well-meaning, have gone beyond the evidence. This article explains what it means for an instrument to be “biased”…
Using a Decision Matrix to Guide Juvenile Dispositions
Childhood risk, offending trajectories, and psychopathy at age 48 years in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development
Psychopathy has been a sustained interest among psychologists and, to a lesser extent, among criminologists. Studies on psychopathy have tended to focus on its measurement and predictive ability, primarily in adolescence and primarily among more serious offenders. This article moves beyond prior research on psychopathy and is the first to link childhood risk factors and offending trajectories measured through age 40 to psychopathy at age 48 in a …
Impact of risk/needs assessment on juvenile probation officers' decision making
The adoption of risk assessment tools has increased in popularity in the juvenile justice system due, in part, to recommendations by the Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA). However, very little is known about whether adoption of these tools actually effectuates change in the way young offenders are handled. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered from 111 juvenile probation officers (JPOs) from six probation offices befor…
Childhood risk, offending trajectories, and psychopathy at age 48 years in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development
Psychopathy has been a sustained interest among psychologists and, to a lesser extent, among criminologists. Studies on psychopathy have tended to focus on its measurement and predictive ability, primarily in adolescence and primarily among more serious offenders. This article moves beyond prior research on psychopathy and is the first to link childhood risk factors and offending trajectories measured through age 40 to psychopathy at age 48 in a …
Impact of risk/needs assessment on juvenile probation officers' decision making
The adoption of risk assessment tools has increased in popularity in the juvenile justice system due, in part, to recommendations by the Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA). However, very little is known about whether adoption of these tools actually effectuates change in the way young offenders are handled. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered from 111 juvenile probation officers (JPOs) from six probation offices befor…
Using a Decision Matrix to Guide Juvenile Dispositions
Childhood risk, offending trajectories, and psychopathy at age 48 years in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development
Psychopathy has been a sustained interest among psychologists and, to a lesser extent, among criminologists. Studies on psychopathy have tended to focus on its measurement and predictive ability, primarily in adolescence and primarily among more serious offenders. This article moves beyond prior research on psychopathy and is the first to link childhood risk factors and offending trajectories measured through age 40 to psychopathy at age 48 in a …
Impact of risk/needs assessment on juvenile probation officers' decision making
The adoption of risk assessment tools has increased in popularity in the juvenile justice system due, in part, to recommendations by the Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA). However, very little is known about whether adoption of these tools actually effectuates change in the way young offenders are handled. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered from 111 juvenile probation officers (JPOs) from six probation offices befor…
Using a Decision Matrix to Guide Juvenile Dispositions
Racist Algorithms or Systemic Problems? Risk Assessments and Racial Disparities
As recent and historical events attest, racial and ethnic disparities are widely engrained into the justice system. Recently, scholars and policymakers have raised concerns that risk assessment instruments may exacerbate these disparities. While it is critical that risk instruments be scrutinized for racial bias, some concerns, though well-meaning, have gone beyond the evidence. This article explains what it means for an instrument to be “biased”…
Probation Officer Assessments of Risk when the Youth Look Different
Various groups have expressed considerable concern about the potential for actuarial risk assessments to exacerbate racial disparities in justice settings. This study examined that potential when using a different approach to risk assessment, structured professional judgment (SPJ), by comparing risk decisions made by evaluators when the examinee’s race was different versus the same as theirs. A large sample of youth (N = 1,308) evaluated on the S…
Introduction to this Special Issue on implementing evidence‐based practices in forensic settings
Risk–need–responsivity
With a sample of 125 adults under community supervision (71.20% male, 76.00% White, mean age = 33.17 years), this study evaluated need‐to‐service matching using an evaluation framework from implementation science. Need‐to‐service matching is a case management strategy intended to align service referrals in case plans with justice‐involved persons' criminogenic needs. The results indicated that need‐to‐service matching reached a high percentage of…
Forensic practitioners’ use and perceptions of telepsychology before and during Covid-19
OBJECTIVE: This survey study reports the substantial impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the use and perceived advantages and disadvantages of telepsychology among forensic practitioners. HYPOTHESES: We hypothesized that telepsychology use among forensic practitioners would substantially increase during the pandemic. Additional exploratory research questions examined (a) changes in the frequency, type, nature, and motivation …
Risk-Need-Responsivity Meets Mental Health
This study examined the feasibility of and fidelity to risk/needs assessment, mental health screening, and risk-need-responsivity (RNR)-based case planning within juvenile probation in two states. The researcher-guided implementation effort included the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-2 (MAYSI-2), Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY), and policies to prioritize criminogenic needs while using mental health services only…
Factors contributing to the delayed submission of competence to stand trial reports and the jail-based competency crisis in Washington
Disparate impact of risk assessment instruments
OBJECTIVE: One concern about the use of risk assessment instruments in legal decisions is the potential for disparate impact by race or ethnicity. This means that one racial or ethnic group will experience harsher legal outcomes than another because of higher or biased risk estimates. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to synthesize research examining the real-world impact of juvenile and adult risk instruments on racial/ethnic di…
The structured assessment of violence risk in youth demonstrates measurement invariance between Black and White justice-referred youths
OBJECTIVE: Identification and implementation of effective methods for reducing racial/ethnic bias and disparities in legal settings are paramount in the United States and other countries. One procedure originally thought to reduce bias in legal decisions is the use of risk assessment instruments, which is now being heavily scrutinized. Measurement invariance, a latent trait technique, is a robust method for assessing one form of bias. Measurement…
Sustainability of Evidence-Based Practices
This quasi-experimental, pre-post study investigated the sustainability of risk-needs assessment (RNA) and the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) practices in five juvenile probation offices across two states 7 years after rigorous implementation. The study evaluated adherence to practices and facilitators of sustainability via interviews with leadership ( N = 10) and probation officers ( N = 84) and a seventh-year cohort of youth propensity score matc…
Psychology (11 works) · Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Medicine (8 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (7 works) · Political science (7 works) · Computer security (5 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (5 works) · Poison control (5 works) · Risk assessment (5 works)