Elliot Aronson
Biographic Data
| ID | 568000 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Elliot Aronson |
| GIVEN NAMES | Elliot |
| FAMILY NAME | Aronson |
| SIGNATURE | ARONSON E |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Texas at Austin |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 63 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 750 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 63 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1958 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 17 |
Dissonance, hypocrisy, and the self-concept.
Social Psychology
The Art of Laboratory Experimentation
2.1 Why do Laboratory Experiments? 2.2 Planning and Conducting a Laboratory Experiment 2.3 Concluding Comments
Fear, Denial, and Sensible Action in the Face of Disasters
Elliot Aronson Fear, Denial, and Sensible Action in the Face of Disasters I MUST BEGIN THIS ESSAY WITH A CONFESSION: I AM NOT AN EXPERT on disasters. I have not studied disasters directly, nor do I know m uch about the m ajor differences am ong various kinds of disasters. W hat I do know som ething about is how the hum an m ind works; how people think, feel, and behave in a wide variety of complex situations (Aronson, 1999, 2008; Tavris and Arons…
The power of self-persuasion
Self-persuasion is an indirect antecedents of interpersonal attraction which entails placing of people in situations where they are motivated to persuade themselves to change their own attitudes or behavior compared with traditional direct techniques of persuasion. The phenomenon of self-persuasion has the ability to affect long-term changes in attitudes and behavior. In this paper the author reviews the extent of his research on self-persuasion …
When exemplification fails: Hypocrisy and the motive for self-integrity
Two experiments investigated how the dissonance that follows a hypocritical behavior is reduced when 2 alternatives are available; a direct strategy (changing behavior to make it less hypocritical) or an indirect strategy (the affirmation of an unrelated positive aspect of the self). In Experiment 1, after dissonance was aroused by hypocrisy, significantly more participants chose to reduce dissonance directly, despite the clear availability of a …
Persuasion and Politics: The Social Psychology of Public Opinion
Inducing Hypocrisy as a Means of Encouraging Young Adults to Use Condoms
This experiment applied a new twist on cognitive dissonance theory to the problem of AIDS prevention among sexually active young adults. Dissonance was created after a proattitudinal advocacy by inducing hypocrisy-having subjects publicly advocate the importance of safe sex and then systematically making the subjects mindful of their own past failures to use condoms. It was predicted that the induction of hypocrisy would motivate subjects to redu…
Using Cognitive Dissonance to Encourage Water Conservation 1
In a field experiment on water conservation, we aroused dissonance in patrons of the campus recreation facility by making them feel hypocritical about their showering habits. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, we manipulated subjects “‘mindfulness” that they had sometimes wasted water while showering, and then varied whether they made a “public commitment” urging other people to take shorter showers. The “hypocrisy” condition‐in which subjects made …
The Return of the Repressed: Dissonance Theory Makes a Comeback
In 1957, Leon Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance burst on the scene and revitalized social psychology with its deft blend of cognition and motivation. For the next two decades, the theory inspired an extraordinary amount of exciting research leading to a burgeoning of knowledge about human social behavior. The theory has been referred to as "the most important single development in social psychology to date" (Jones, 1976, p. x). But, by t…
Making research apply: High stakes public policy in a regulatory environment
Making research apply: High stakes public policy in a regulatory environment
Overcoming denial and increasing the intention to use condoms through the induction of hypocrisy
Feelings of hypocrisy were induced in college students to increase condom use. Hypocrisy was created by making subjects mindful of their past failure to use condoms and then having them persuade others about the importance of condoms for AIDS prevention. The induction of hypocrisy decreased denial and led to greater intent to improve condom use relative to the control conditions. The implications of these findings for AIDS prevention are discusse…
Energy conservation behavior: The difficult path from information to action
Energy conservation behavior: The difficult path from information to action
Energy Use: The Human Dimension
This book discusses the major social and political components of energy policy. By putting energy in its human context, the report generates new policy options for solving specific energy problems and suggests broad new approaches to energy policy. Commissioned by the Department of Energy, the book demonstrates the folly of making energy decisions without a basic understanding of the continuing social conflict over the nature of energy and the ma…
What Happened to the Energy Crisis? Sorting out the Future
Antecedents, correlates, and consequences of sexual jealousy
The paper presents a social‐psychological approach to the empirical study of sexual jealousy, after surveying the philosophical, sociological, anthropological, psychoanalytic, and nonscientific literature on the subject. The social‐psychological approach focuses on the environmental and situational factors that cause people to act in a jealous manner. One hundred and three men and women varying in age, length of relationship, and relationship sty…
A social psychological perspective on energy conservation in residential buildings
A social psychological perspective on energy conservation in residential buildings
Combatting burnout
Attributions for success and failure after cooperation, competition, or team competition
Attributions to success and failure after cooperative or competitive interaction
Readings About the Social Animal (Second edition)
Methods of Research in Social Psychology
The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group
IT is a frequent observation that persons who go through a great deal of trouble or pain to attain something tend to value it more highly than persons who attain the same thing with a minimum of effort. For example, one would expect persons who travel a great distance to see a motion picture to be more impressed with it than those who see the same picture at a neighborhood theater. By the same token, individuals who go through a severe initiation…
Gain and loss of esteem as determinants of interpersonal attractiveness
Communicator credibility and communication discrepancy as determinants of opinion change
The theory of cognitive dissonance suggests that opinion change is a function of a specific complex interaction between the credibility of the communicator and the discrepancy of the communication from the initial attitude of the recipient. In a laboratory experiment, Ss who read a communication tha
The influence of the character of the criminal and his victim on the decisions of simulated jurors
Attribution of fault to a rape victim as a function of respectability of the victim
Tested the hypothesis that a socially respectable person is seen as more at fault in a crime in which he was the victim. This hypothesis was based on 2 assumptions: (a) individuals believe in a just world where people deserve what they get and (b) the more respectable the victim the greater the need to attribute fault to his actions since it is more difficult to attribute fault to his character. It was also hypothesized that a defendant who has i…
The power of self-persuasion
Self-persuasion is an indirect antecedents of interpersonal attraction which entails placing of people in situations where they are motivated to persuade themselves to change their own attitudes or behavior compared with traditional direct techniques of persuasion. The phenomenon of self-persuasion has the ability to affect long-term changes in attitudes and behavior. In this paper the author reviews the extent of his research on self-persuasion …
On increasing the persuasiveness of a low prestige communicator
Performance expectancy as a determinant of actual performance
Effect of the severity of threat on the devaluation of forbidden behavior
If a person is induced to cease performing a desired action through the threat of punishment, he will experience dissonance. His cognition that he is not performing the action is dissonant with his cognition that the action is desirable. An effective way of reducing dissonance is by derogating the action. The greater the threat of punishment the less the dissonance—since a severe threat is consonant with ceasing to perform the action. Thus, the m…
My enemy's enemy is my friend
When exemplification fails: Hypocrisy and the motive for self-integrity
Two experiments investigated how the dissonance that follows a hypocritical behavior is reduced when 2 alternatives are available; a direct strategy (changing behavior to make it less hypocritical) or an indirect strategy (the affirmation of an unrelated positive aspect of the self). In Experiment 1, after dissonance was aroused by hypocrisy, significantly more participants chose to reduce dissonance directly, despite the clear availability of a …
Overcoming denial and increasing the intention to use condoms through the induction of hypocrisy
Feelings of hypocrisy were induced in college students to increase condom use. Hypocrisy was created by making subjects mindful of their past failure to use condoms and then having them persuade others about the importance of condoms for AIDS prevention. The induction of hypocrisy decreased denial and led to greater intent to improve condom use relative to the control conditions. The implications of these findings for AIDS prevention are discusse…
Self-evaluation vs. direct anxiety reduction as determinants of the fear-affiliation relationship
Opinion change as a function of the communicator's attractiveness and desire to influence
The cooperative subject: Myth or reality
Dishonest behavior as a function of differential levels of induced self-esteem
Opinion change in the advocate as a function of the persuasibility of his audience: A clarification of the meaning of dissonance
Subjects were enticed to make a video recording of a strongly counterattitudinal statement (favoring legalization of marijuana); one-half of the subjects were paid $.50 and one-half were paid $5 for their counterattitudinal behavior. The subjects were told that their video tape would be used to attempt to change the attitudes of (a) a group opposed to the legalization of marijuana, (b) a group in favor of the legalization of marijuana, or (c) a g…
Liking for an evaluator as a function of her physical attractiveness and nature of the evaluations
To err is humanizing sometimes: Effects of self-esteem, competence, and a pratfall on interpersonal attraction
Some hedonic consequences of the confirmation and disconfirmation of expectances
Opinion change and the gain-loss model of interpersonal attraction
Performance in the Interdependent Classroom: A Field Study
The present study was conducted in 5th and 6th grade classes to compare the performances of Anglos and minorities working in small interdependent learning groups with their performance in traditional, teacher-focused classrooms. A covariance analysis indicated that Anglos perform equally well in both interdependent and traditional classes. Minorities performed significantly better in interdependent classes than in traditional classes
The effect of effort on the attractiveness of rewarded and unrewarded stimuli
Liking for an evaluator as a function of his discernment
Choosing to suffer as a consequence of expecting to suffer: An unexpected finding
Personality Rigidity as Measured by Aniseikonic Lenses and by Perceptual Tests of Metabolic Efficiency
Selectivity in exposure to information
The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group
IT is a frequent observation that persons who go through a great deal of trouble or pain to attain something tend to value it more highly than persons who attain the same thing with a minimum of effort. For example, one would expect persons who travel a great distance to see a motion picture to be more impressed with it than those who see the same picture at a neighborhood theater. By the same token, individuals who go through a severe initiation…
The effect of effort on the attractiveness of rewarded and unrewarded stimuli
The effect of relevant and irrelevant aspects of communicator credibility on opinion change1
Modification of the Rat's Saline Intake Gradient by Experience with Specific Concentrations
The amount of sodium chloride solution ingested by racs in an ad libiiu7n test sicuation at first increases with concentration, reaches a maximum with concentrations around ,995, and then decreases (Bare, 1949). In spite of emphasis on physiological explanations (Woodworth & Schlosberg, 1954, p. 662; Deutsch & Jones, 1960), it is quite possible that saline drinking behavior is in part determined by processes dependent upon prior experience, for e…
Performance expectancy as a determinant of actual performance
Effort, attractiveness, and the anticipation of reward: A reply to Lott's critique
Effect of the severity of threat on the devaluation of forbidden behavior
If a person is induced to cease performing a desired action through the threat of punishment, he will experience dissonance. His cognition that he is not performing the action is dissonant with his cognition that the action is desirable. An effective way of reducing dissonance is by derogating the action. The greater the threat of punishment the less the dissonance—since a severe threat is consonant with ceasing to perform the action. Thus, the m…
The effects of expectancy on volunteering for an unpleasant experience
Some hedonic consequences of the confirmation and disconfirmation of expectances
Communicator credibility and communication discrepancy as determinants of opinion change
The theory of cognitive dissonance suggests that opinion change is a function of a specific complex interaction between the credibility of the communicator and the discrepancy of the communication from the initial attitude of the recipient. In a laboratory experiment, Ss who read a communication tha
Gain and loss of esteem as determinants of interpersonal attractiveness
Opinion change as a function of the communicator's attractiveness and desire to influence
Threat and obedience: The low pressure approach for getting children to obey
Beyond Parkinson's law: The effect of excess time on subsequent performance
The abstract is a comprehensive summary of the contents of the research report. It is 100 to 150 words in length. It is typed on a separate page with the word “Abstract” centered at the top of the page in upper and lowercase letters, without paragraph indentation. It should include a brief statement of the problem, a summary of the method used (including a description of the participants, instruments or apparatus), the procedure, the results (inc…
On increasing the persuasiveness of a low prestige communicator
Choosing to suffer as a consequence of expecting to suffer: An unexpected finding
Self-evaluation vs. direct anxiety reduction as determinants of the fear-affiliation relationship
Avoidance of Inter-Subject Communication
Opinion change and the gain-loss model of interpersonal attraction
Further steps beyond Parkinson's Law: A replication and extension of the excess time effect
Effect of expectancy of task duration on the experience of fatigue
Dishonest behavior as a function of differential levels of induced self-esteem
My enemy's enemy is my friend
Psychology (57 works) · Social Psychology (51 works) · Social Psychology (22 works) · Cognitive psychology (14 works) · Political science (14 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Computer Science (12 works) · Law (11 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (11 works) · Developmental psychology (9 works)