Digital Exclusion and Its Impacts on Enem Proficiency

A Study of Low-Income High School Graduates From 2015 to 2023

Bibliographic Data

ID11126644
AuthorsJORDANA APARECIDA DE OLIVEIRA RUBIM (0009-0008-7317-4112, Universidade de São Paulo), Daielly Melina Nassif Mantovani (0000-0001-6320-3268, Universidade de São Paulo), Ocimar Munhoz Alavarse (0000-0002-8102-1668, Universidade de São Paulo)
Year2025
Volume41
Publication date2025-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueEducação em Revista (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0102-4698 • E-ISSN: 1982-6621
PublisherFapUNIFESP (SciELO) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1590/0102-469859221t
OpenAlexW4415998682
SCIELO_PIDS0102-46982025000100244
LanguageEN
References cited36

This study aims to investigate the impact of household access to the internet and computers on the proficiency of low-income 12th-grade students who participated in the ENEM between 2015 and 2023. This quantitative research collected a sample of 1.5 million students that was analyzed to test hypotheses using statistical models, focusing on isolating the net effect of internet and computer access on students' scores. The study period was marked by significant changes, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The analyses provided evidence on the importance of these technological resources for students' proficiency. Additionally, the findings revealed that home internet access alone has a small yet positive impact. However, the combination of home internet and computer access leads to a significant increase in student proficiency, with even greater effects observed during and in the years following the pandemic. Variables such as gender, maternal education, and race also influenced proficiency. Female students exhibited lower performance, as did those whose mothers had lower levels of education. Conversely, white students demonstrated higher performance in the exams, reflecting the effects of social inequalities and exclusionary processes on education in the country. The results highlight that digital exclusion significantly impacts students' performance in the ENEM, suggesting that policies aimed at expanding access to technology in the home environment could have positive effects on Brazilian education

Affect (linguistics) · Digital divide · Higher education · Inequality · Internet access · Sample (material) · Test (biology) · The Internet · Child Development and Digital Technology · Education during COVID-19 pandemic · Gender and Technology in Education

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