Ethnic‐Racial Socialization and the Mental Health of African Americans
A Critical Review
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 16850461 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jamila E Reynolds (0000-0001-9493-0935, Florida State University, corresponding author), Melinda Gonzales‐backen (0000-0003-0466-5889, Florida State University), Melinda A Gonzales‐Backen |
| Year | 2017 |
| Volume | 9 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 182-200 |
| Publication date | 2017-06-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Family Theory & Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1756-2570 • E-ISSN: 1756-2589 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/jftr.12192 |
| OpenAlex | W2620616862 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 44 |
| References cited | 51 |
The purpose of this critical review is to examine the relationship between ethnic‐racial socialization ( ERS ) and African American mental health outcomes to identify the potential value of ERS in psychotherapy. Using the systematic research synthesis ( SRS ) process, we identified 21 peer‐reviewed studies that investigated the relationship between ERS and mental health outcomes such as anger, depression, and self‐esteem. We also included articles that tested ERS as a moderator of the relationship between discrimination experiences and mental health. The results support ERS as a protective factor against negative mental health outcomes. Importantly, ERS messages that emphasize culture and racial pride may be more consistently associated with positive outcomes than ERS messages that focus on preparing for racial bias. We also provide implications and suggestions for researchers wanting to expand the ERS literature and clinicians interested in incorporating ERS in their therapeutic practice and parent‐training programs
Anger · Ethnic group · Mental health · Moderation · Political science · Pride · Psychotherapist · Socialization · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development · Clinical Psychology · Migration, Health and Trauma · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Social Psychology
Recasting racial stress and trauma
Digital White Racial Socialization
Ethnic‐racial socialization and sociopolitical development among emerging adult college students of color
Examining Black Emerging Adults’ Decision Points for Engaging Parents Versus Peers as Racial Socialization Sources
Psychiatric Disorders Among Older Black Americans
Effects of Stress Exposure Versus Appraisal on Episodic Memory Trajectories
The Role of the Family for Racism and Xenophobia in Childhood and Adolescence
A Daily Examination of African American Adolescents’ Racial Discrimination, Parental Racial Socialization, and Psychological Affect
Racial Microaggression, Overt Discrimination, and Distress
Racial Discrimination Distress and Psychological Well-being
Unpacking Ethnic-Racial Messages and Coping Socialization Profiles
Racial Socialization Provision in African American and Black Caribbean Families
Healthcare disparities and stress-driven substance use
Parental socialization and identity in U.S. Muslim youth
Parenting profiles of academic and racial socialization
Culturally humble and anti‐racist couple and family interventions for African Americans
The Central Roles of Race and Racism in Reframing Family Systems Theory
Parental support is not enough
Ethnic-Racial Socialization in Transracially Adoptive Families
Ethnic‐racial Socialization, Perceived Neighborhood Quality, and Psychosocial Adjustment among African American and Caribbean Black Adolescents
Is knowledge of racial identity development necessary? White transracial adoptive parents' intentions to promote Black adoptees’ racial‐ethnic identity
Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Black Women
Through the looking glass
The Theory of Racial Socialization in Action for Black Adolescents and Their Families
Digitally Mediated Racial-Ethnic Socialization Among Black/African American Emerging Adults and Their Caregivers
Amplifying Black Women’s Voices
The role of family ethnic-racial socialization in early childhood among minoritized populations
Familial racial-ethnic socialization of Multiracial American Youth
Linking Parents’ Appropriated Racial Oppression to Their Racial-Ethnic Socialization Practices
Depression and Suicide Ideation
“The Talk” and Parenting While Black in America
Parental Sexual Orientation Socialization for Sexual Minority Youth
The Talk’
Evaluating hypothesized explanations for the Black-white depression paradox
Measuring Racial and Ethnic Socialization
Adolescent mental health in the context of discrimination
Interweaving xenophobia and racism in South Africa
Black Adolescent Self-Perceptions
The Influence of Racial Socialization, Mentor Support, and Emotion Regulation on the Psychological Well-Being of African American Boys
Raising justice‐minded youth
Navigating Racial Stress
Ethno‐Religious Socialization Among Majority and Minority Group Children in a Post‐Conflict Society
Black Boys' Perceptions of Depression and Mental Health
Parent-teen dyadic experiences of racism
The International encyclopedia of education.
Cultural Sensitivity and Adaptation in Family-Based Prevention Interventions
Perceived racism and mental health among Black American adults
Twelve-Month Use of Mental Health Services in the United States
The Influence of Racial Socialization Practices on the Cognitive and Behavioral Competence of African American Preschoolers
Towards Culturally Relevant Preventive Interventions
Failure and Delay in Initial Treatment Contact After First Onset of Mental Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
An Integrative Model for the Study of Developmental Competencies in Minority Children
The Relation Of Racial Identity And Racial Socialization To Coping With Discrimination Among African American Adolescents
Black Adolescents' Racial Socialization Experiences
African Americans' mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination
Developments in Research on Black Families
Parents' ethnic-racial socialization practices
Mitigating Instigation”
Considering Culturally Relevant Parenting Practices in Intervention Development and Adaptation
Correlates of African American and Latino Parents' Messages to Children About Ethnicity and Race
Racial identity mediates the association between ethnic-racial socialization and depressive symptoms
Parental Ethnic Socialization and Adolescent Coping With Problems Related to Ethnicity
The Association between Racial Socialization and Depression
Racism experiences and psychological functioning in African American college freshmen
The Role of Mothers’ and Adolescents’ Perceptions of Ethnic-racial Socialization in Shaping Ethnic-racial Identity Among Early Adolescent Boys and Girls
Profiles of Racial Socialization Among African American Parents
Teaching about race/ethnicity and racism matters
Examining Ethnic Identity and Self-Esteem Among Biracial and Monoracial Adolescents
Patterns of Racial Socialization and Psychological Adjustment
African American parents’ racial and emotion socialization profiles and young adults’ emotional adaptation
Perceived Racial Discrimination and Self‐Esteem in African American Youth
Socialization and Racial Identity Among Black Americans
Racial Socialization Experiences and Symptoms of Depression among Black Youth
Ethnic and Racial Identity During Adolescence and Into Young Adulthood
Intersections of Race, Class, Gender, and Nation
Racial Socialization and Ethnic Identity
Validation of the Scale of Racial Socialization for African American Adolescents
Community Violence and Racial Socialization
Exploring Clinicians Attitudes Toward the Incorporation of Racial Socialization in Psychotherapy
Racial Discrimination and Resilience in African American Young Adults
Racial Socialization's Moderating Effect Between Poverty Stress and Psychological Symptoms for African American Youth
African American Resiliency
Development of the Teenager Experience of Racial Socialization Scale
Racism Stress Management
Unpacking Racial Socialization
Correlates in Children's Experiences of Parents' Racial Socialization Behaviors
| Unique citing works | 44 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 5,5 |
| Citation span | 2018 - 2026 (9) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 43 |