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Macro-Economic Inequality and National Stereotypes in 45 Non-Western Countries

Bibliographic Data

ID21209830
AuthorsVukašin Gligorić (0000-0001-7528-6806, New York University, corresponding author), John T Jost (0000-0002-2844-4645, New York University), Iva Mićanović (University of Amsterdam), Odeta Tase (University of Amsterdam), Emerson Do Bú (0000-0003-3864-3872, Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa), Camilo Arévalo-Romero (0000-0003-2348-5656, Instituto de Neurociencia Biomédica), Alisa Balabanova (0009-0001-0226-2288, Nottingham Trent University), Pilar Baracaldo (Universidad de La Sabana), Tatiana Basañez (0000-0002-2890-1420, California State Polytechnic University), Hakan Çakmak (0000-0002-4617-4191, University of Groningen), Manuel Capella (0000-0001-8087-8718, Universidad Católica del Uruguay), Tzu Yun Chen (National Taipei University of Education), Lameese Eldesouky (0000-0003-4977-8203, American University in Cairo), Emir Erhan (University of Amsterdam), Tengku Nila Fadhlia (0000-0001-8451-783X, University of Amsterdam), Eman Farahat (0000-0001-6467-8599, Ain Shams University), Anneke Farías-Yapur (0000-0002-7787-6778, Universidad Panamericana), Md Omar Faruk (0000-0001-6401-3861, Louisiana State University), Ghazal (0000-0002-6561-8907, University of the Punjab), Saima Ghazal (University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan), Biljana Gjoneska (0000-0003-1200-6672, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts), Theofilos Gkinopoulos (0000-0003-1070-6245, Jagiellonian University), Ana-Maria Gore (University of Amsterdam), Hirotaka Imada (0000-0003-3604-4155, Royal Holloway University of London), Candela I Jantus (Universidad Torcuato Di Tella), Yvonne Yaqi Jin (University of Amsterdam), Jelena Kalinić (University of Amsterdam), Fatima Kamran (0009-0004-4421-9677, University of the Punjab), Ágnes Kende (0000-0001-5148-0145, Eötvös Loránd University), Anna Kende (Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary), Zahra Khosrowtaj (0000-0001-5327-9656, Philipps University of Marburg), Suhaavi Kochhar (Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands), Aituar Kospakov (0000-0002-2938-3792, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University), Staša Lalatović (0000-0002-9701-2117, University of Belgrade), Barbara Lášticová (0000-0002-3891-8883, Slovak Academy of Sciences), Anna Lazar (0000-0003-0614-5764, West University of Timişoara), Anca Lazar (West University of Timişoara, Romania), Sera Lee (0000-0002-2728-5419, Chonnam National University), Ma Elizabeth J Macapagal (0000-0001-5983-0445, Ateneo de Manila University), Ma Elizabeth Macapagal (Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines), Karine Malysheva (0000-0003-3903-5799, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv), Kunalan Manokara (0000-0002-7801-9292, Duke University), Marta Marchlewska (0000-0003-2807-5189, Institute of Psychology), Nushka Marinova (University of Bath), Andreas Michael (0000-0002-6517-2618, University of Cyprus), Konradas Mikalauskas (University of Amsterdam), Adriana Miranda (Universidad Columbia del Paraguay), Adriana B Miranda (0000-0001-7197-3406, Universidad Columbia del Paraguay), Chanki Moon (0000-0002-1937-6206, Royal Holloway University of London), Denis Mukhortov (Russian Federation), Denis S Mukhortov (0000-0002-8174-7055, Moscow State Institute of International Relations), Bojan Musil (0000-0002-5198-018X, University of Maribor), Mizuki Nakagoshi (Kwansei Gakuin University), Jennifer Namutebi (Nkumba University), Joaquin Navajas (0000-0001-8765-037X, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella), Chioma Mildred Ojiaku (University of Nigeria), Morenike Esther Olaleru (University of Nigeria), Cicero Roberto Pereira (0000-0003-3406-3985, Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa), Agustin Espinosa Pezzia (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú), Nejc Plohl (0000-0001-9936-4039, University of Maribor), Wojciech Podsiadłowski (0009-0008-6441-0996, Institute of Psychology), stefan popov (Moldova State University, Chişinău, Moldova), S V Popov (0000-0001-9559-8591, Moldova State University), Dora Popović (0000-0002-3716-8435, Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia), Xenia-Daniela Poslon (Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia), Xenia‐Daniela Poslon (Slovak Academy of Sciences), C Psaltis (0000-0001-8724-665X, University of Cyprus), Camilo Rincón‐unigarro (0000-0001-5025-6635, Universidad de La Sabana), Camilo Rincón-Unigarro (Universidad de La Sabana, Cundinamarca, Colombia), Rachmayati Eka Safitri (Islamic University of Riau), Darius Salaum (University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Philippines), Darius N Salaum (University of the Philippines Visayas), Ilya Strelets (0000-0003-3520-2502, Moscow State Institute of International Relations), Stylianos Syropoulo (0000-0001-5622-1417, Arizona State University), Dagmara Szczepańska (0000-0001-6216-5773, Institute of Psychology), Fiona Yunqian Tian (University of Hong Kong), Adele Tijusaite (University of Amsterdam), Lorena Tirla (West University of Timişoara), Luka Todorović (0000-0002-6903-6517, University of Amsterdam), Chayanit Trakulpipat (Chulalongkorn University), Anastassia Vivanco Carlevari (0000-0003-3847-049X, Universidad del Desarrollo), Ching Wan (0000-0002-1079-5885, Nanyang Technological University), Juthatip Wiwattanapantuwong (0000-0002-4527-5070, Chulalongkorn University), Illia Yahiiaiev (0000-0003-1432-6821, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv), Luiza Yuan (0009-0008-7653-9412, University of Amsterdam), Jessica V Schaaf (0000-0002-4856-9592, Radboud University Nijmegen)
Year2026
Volume17
Issue4
Pages492-509
Publication date2026-05-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocial Psychological and Personality Science (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1948-5506 • E-ISSN: 1948-5514
PublisherSAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/19485506251370424
OpenAlexW4414132255
LanguageEN
Citations received2
References cited59

The assumption that people favor ingroups and disfavor outgroups is based largely on theory and research from Western countries. However, groups subjected to economic exploitation and inequality might come to favor more advantaged outgroups. The present large-scale study ( N = 12,339) involving 45 non-Western countries explored ingroup stereotypes and stereotypes of relatively advantaged and disadvantaged outgroups (Western Europeans and Western Africans, respectively) and their relation to macroeconomic conditions. Compared with their national ingroup, participants stereotyped advantaged outgroups as more competent (exhibiting outgroup favoritism) but less warm; they stereotyped disadvantaged outgroups as less competent but neither more nor less warm. Nationals of poorer and more exploited countries exhibited stronger outgroup favoritism on competence and stronger ingroup favoritism on warmth. This work provides preliminary evidence for the structural origins of national stereotypes: macroeconomic inequalities can override habitual ingroup favoritism and lead national groups to exhibit outgroup favoritism

Disadvantaged · In-group favoritism · Inequality · Inequity aversion · Ingroups and outgroups · Outgroup · System Justification · Cultural Differences and Values · Culture, Economy, and Development Studies · Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies

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Unique citing works2
Citations per year2
Citation span2025 - 2026 (2)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 2

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