Sense of School Belonging Among Asian American and Pacific Islander Students in U.S. High Schools
A Critical Quantitative Intersectionality Analysis
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 21459633 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Sung Tae Jang (0000-0001-5083-049X, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2023 |
| Volume | 125 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 289-318 |
| Publication date | 2023-03-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0161-4681 • E-ISSN: 1467-9620 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/01614681231173019 |
| OpenAlex | W4367680380 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 2 |
| References cited | 85 |
Background/Context: The sense of belonging to a school is important for students, in terms of various short- and long-term developmental and academic outcomes. The inequities in the sense of school belonging among Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) students may reveal a severe lack of opportunities or serious process gaps for these students. Purpose/Objective: This study investigated the nuances and complexities involved in the sense of school belonging among AAPI students in U.S. high schools, and particularly how such perceptions relate to various demographic characteristics (i.e., ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, and immigration status) and their intersectionalities. The study disaggregated this group into subgroups based on their ethnicities, with the aim of challenging the model minority stereotype that generalizes the experiences of AAPI students. Research Design: This study used base-year data of the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09) provided by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to analyze a nationally representative sample. Multiple statistical interaction terms were used to identify the specific contributions (intersectionality) of AAPI students’ converging demographic characteristics. Findings/Results: This study found that the sense of school belonging was stronger for South Asian students and weaker for East Asian students when compared to the overall level, with other demographic characteristics held constant. The intersectionality model using disaggregated data revealed that the convergence of AAPI students’ ethnicity and gender creates additional nuances in their sense of school belonging, particularly for Southeast Asian and East Asian students. Conclusions/Recommendations: The findings support the call for more accurate narratives and a deeper understanding of intersectionality among AAPI students. The study suggests to policymakers and school leaders that a universal strategy for encouraging students’ sense of school belonging may not effectively address the nuanced intersectional disparities that AAPI students experience. Instead, the intersection of students’ ethnicity and gender indicates that responsive strategies that address their unique needs can better promote their perceptions of belonging to their schools
Asian americans · Ethnic group · Geography · Intersectionality · Model minority · Pacific islanders · Population · Socioeconomic status · Sociology · Demography · Early Childhood Education and Development · Gender Studies · Parental Involvement in Education · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Subtractive Schooling
In a Different Voice
Student engagement with school
General Multi-Level Modeling with Sampling Weights
Affective Teacher–Student Relationships and Students' Engagement and Achievement
Non-White, No More
Complicating the Image of Model Minority Success
Sense of Belonging in College Freshmen at the Classroom and Campus Levels
The Importance of Bonding to School for Healthy Development
Research Commentary
Criteria for Scale Selection and Evaluation
Student–Faculty Interaction in Research Universities
School effects on psychological outcomes during adolescence.
Autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the classroom
Students' Need for Belonging in the School Community
More than "Model Minorities" or "Delinquents"
Social Class and Belonging
A Longitudinal Study of School Belonging and Academic Motivation Across High School
A Critical Review of the Model Minority Myth in Selected Literature on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Higher Education
Race and Belonging in School
Black and Belonging at School
A systematic review of empirical research on self-reported racism and health
Missing data
Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4
Toward an Anti-Imperialistic Critical Race Analysis of the Model Minority Myth
Black Women Principals in American Secondary Schools
The Color of Success
Interrogating Belonging for Young People in Schools
Black Feminist Thought
Globalization and Belonging
Anti-Asian Hate Crime During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Perceived discrimination, acculturative stress, and depression among South Asians
The relationships between school belonging and students’ motivational, social-emotional, behavioural, and academic outcomes in secondary education
Examining the role of perceived prestige in the link between students’ subjective socioeconomic status and sense of belonging
The schooling experiences and aspirations of students belonging to intersecting marginalisations based on race or ethnicity, sexuality, and socioeconomic status
Making the invisible visible
QuantCrit
The impact of self-relevant representations on school belonging for Native American students
They might as well be Black’
Linking strategies and interventions in Asian American Studies to K–12 classrooms and teacher preparation
On the utility of Asian critical (AsianCrit) theory in the field of education
Classroom Belonging among Early Adolescent Students
The Policing of Native Bodies and Minds
Subjective well-being and academic achievement
Who belongs in school? Examining the link between Black and White racial disparities in sense of school belonging and suspension
Complex Sample Data in Structural Equation Modeling
Not Just Black and White
Sense of Belonging Among High School Students Representing 4 Ethnic Groups
Coping with Discrimination from Peers and Adults
How Do My Friends Matter? Examining Latino Adolescents’ Friendships, School Belonging, and Academic Achievement
Schooling Experiences and Educational Outcomes of Latinx Secondary School Students Living at the Intersections of Multiple Social Constructs
I Was Just Trying to Make It”
College Students’ Sense of Belonging
Asian American and Pacific Islander Students
Ethnic Discipline Gap
The Implications of Intersectionality on Southeast Asian Female Students’ Educational Outcomes in the United States
Racial Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms Among Cambodian American Adolescents
Variability in Minority School Performance
Mapping the Margins
Intersectionality and Public Policy
A question of belonging
A challenge to Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander scholars
Intersectionality and Feminist Politics
Gender
The need to belong
FOB" and "Whitewashed
Students' Perceptions of Membership in Their High Schools
Moments of Social Inclusion and Exclusion Race, Class, and Cultural Capital in Family-School Relationships
Students' Attachment and Academic Engagement
Our Child Doesn't Talk to Us Anymore
"Contesting "Culture
Educational attitudes, school peer context, and the 'immigrant paradox' in education
| Unique citing works | 2 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2 |
| Citation span | 2025 - 2026 (2) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 2 |