Building Environmentalism
The Founding of Environmental Movement Organizations in the United States, 1900-2000
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 2277418 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jason T Carmichael (0000-0002-9670-607X, McGill University, corresponding author), J Craig Jenkins (0000-0003-3552-8027, The Ohio State University), Robert J Brulle (0000-0003-3852-3379, Drexel University) |
| Year | 2012 |
| Volume | 53 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 422-453 |
| Publication date | 2012-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Sociological Quarterly (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0038-0253 • E-ISSN: 1533-8525 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1533-8525.2012.01242.x |
| OpenAlex | W1565022202 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 25 |
| References cited | 80 |
Between the 19th and the mid-20th century, the environmental movement transformed American culture, forcing a rethinking of the “Manifest Destiny” ideology that had long dominated political thinking toward an understanding of the need to protect and restore the balance between humans and nature. In 1900, there were only a few environmental movement organizations (EMOs), but by 2000, there were over 6,000 national and regional EMOs and over 20,000 local EMOs. What drove this phenomenal growth of EMOs? We examine a 100-year time series of EMO founding, showing that, in addition to the “legitimation-and-competition” effects of organizational density, EMO founding is facilitated by the discourse-creative activities of critical communities, objective threats in terms of air pollution, foundation giving, and powerful political allies in the presidency and Congress. Environmental discourses also legitimized and competed against one another, favoring “early risers” and preservationist discourse. Environmental mobilization needs to be understood in terms of the creation of new discursive frames that identify environmental problems, as well as objective environmental threats, resources, and political opportunities
Aesthetics · Environmental ethics · Environmental movement · Environmental sociology · Environmentalism · Movement (music) · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Social movement · Social science · Sociology · State (computer science) · American Environmental and Regional History · American History and Culture · Environmental Justice and Health Disparities · Law · Philosophy · Public Administration
Environmental Movements
El papel del activismo socioambiental de base en la nueva ola del movimiento climático (2018-2020)
Journalism as an Advocacy Tool
Assessing the Explanatory Power of Social Movement Theories across the Life Course of the Civil Rights Movement
Mobilization momentum
Growing the Green Giant
Frankly, My Dear, I Don’t Want a Dam” in the US or in Iran
The Ebb and Flow of Environmentalism
Do Trees Seed Neoliberalism? Race, Public Spaces, and the Moral Economy of Greenery in 1990s Los Angeles
Urban Wildlife Organizations and the Institutional Entanglements of Conservation’s Urban Turn
Framing Symbols and Space
Understanding the Organization of Green Activism
Economy “Versus” Environment
Super Intentions
Environmental Concern of Labor Union Members in the United States
The Ecology of Environmental Association
Cut Pollution, Create Jobs? Yeah, Nah’
Elite cues, media coverage, and public concern
Foundations as policy entrepreneurs in the climate movement
Density and Decline in the Founding of International NGOs in the United States
Foundation Funding of the Environmental Movement
Formal commitments versus actual practices? Narratives as tools of epistemic governance in the debate over Finnish forestry
Love of Land
The Perennial Nature of the Catholic Worker Farms
Understanding selection bias, time-lags and measurement bias in secondary data sources
Social movements in an organizational society
Radical ecology
Transnational social movements and global politics
Wilderness and the American mind.
Ordaining women
Logics of Organization Theory
Man and nature; or, Physical geography as modified by human action
Risk and Blame
Agency, Democracy, and Nature
Beauty, Health, and Permanence
The Population Ecology of Interest Representation
Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society
Culture Moves
Regression Analysis of Count Data
Organizational Ecology
The Critical Mass in Collective Action
Organizations and Movements
Environmental Movements
The iron cage revisited institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields
A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity
The Pro-Choice Movement
Framing political opportunity
Social Movements in an Organizational Society
The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements
The Indigenous Environmental Movement in the United States
Conceptual origins, current problems, future direction
Conservation And The Gospel Of Efficiency
Managing the Environment, Managing Ourselves
Challenging Codes
Power in Movement
Movement Organizations, Synergistic Tactics and Environmental Public Policy
Nature and the American
Exploring Connections Between Global Integration and Political Mobilization
Frontier Foods for Late Medieval Consumers
Marketing an Environmental Issue
Beyond the Square Wheel
Nature and the American
Environmental Discourse and Social Movement Organizations
Ecological Threat and the Founding of U.S. National Environmental Movement Organizations, 1962–1998
The Organizational Dynamics of the U.S. Environmental Movement
Coping with Abundance
Coping with Abundance
Wilderness and the American Mind
Why the Microbrewery Movement? Organizational Dynamics of Resource Partitioning in the U.S. Brewing Industry
Advocacy Organizations in the U.S. Political Process
National and Global Origins of Environmental Association
Building Bridges or Building Walls? Explaining Regionalization Among Transnational Social Movement Organizations
Social Movement Organizations Beyond The Beltway
Ideologically Structured Action
The Environmental Movement and the Modes of Political Action
Historical Statistics of the United States
Post-Industrial Society
Reinvigorating The Study of Organizational Processes in Social Movements
Organizing for Equality
Organizational Mortality in a Declining Social Movement
The Iron Cage Revisited
The Sequencing of Social Movements
When Do Movements Matter? The Politics of Contingency and the Equal Rights Amendment
Organizational Growth and Ecological Constraints
How the Civil Rights Movement Revitalized Labor Militancy
Movements, Aesthetics, and Markets in Literary Change
Conceptualizing Political Opportunity
Cross-Cutting Influences of Environmental Protest and Legislation
Social Movement Size, Organizational Diversity and the Making of Federal Law
Social Movement Spillover
Bridging Global Divides
Framing Processes and Social Movements
Diffusion in Organizations and Social Movements
From Game Protection to Wildlife Management
Competition and Resource Partitioning in Three Social Movement Industries
Political Opportunities and African-American Protest, 1948-1997
Resource Mobilization and Social Movements
Bending with the Wind
| Unique citing works | 25 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,92 |
| Citation span | 2013 - 2026 (14) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 25 |