Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Neurocognitive correlates of socioeconomic status in kindergarten children

Bibliographic Data

ID23328192
AuthorsKimberly G Noble (0000-0003-1496-5113, Cornell University, corresponding author), M FRANK NORMAN (University of Pennsylvania), Martha J Farah (0000-0002-6683-0352, University of Pennsylvania)
Year2005
Volume8
Issue1
Pages74-87
Publication date2005-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueDevelopmental Science (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1363-755X • E-ISSN: 1467-7687
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00394.x
PMID15647068
OpenAlexW2147485806
LanguageEN
Citations received182
References cited80

Socioeconomic status (SES) is strongly associated with cognitive ability and achievement during childhood and beyond. Little is known about the developmental relationships between SES and specific brain systems or their associated cognitive functions. In this study we assessed neurocognitive functioning of kindergarteners from different socioeconomic backgrounds, using tasks drawn from the cognitive neuroscience literature in order to determine how childhood SES predicts the normal variance in performance across different neurocognitive systems. Five neurocognitive systems were examined: the occipitotemporal/visual cognition system, the parietal/spatial cognition system, the medial temporal/memory system, the left perisylvian/language system, and the prefrontal/executive system. SES was disproportionately associated with the last two, with low SES children performing worse than middle SES children on most measures of these systems. Relations among language, executive function, SES and specific aspects of early childhood experience were explored, revealing intercorrelations and a seemingly predominant role of individual differences in language ability involved in SES associations with executive function.

Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Developmental psychology · Executive functions · Neurocognitive · Population · Socioeconomic status · Working memory · Memory and Neural Mechanisms · Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies · Neuroscience · Psychology · Stress Responses and Cortisol

  • The role of different screen media devices, child dysregulation, and parent screen media use in children’s self-regulation

    Open Access•Daniel Ewon Choe, Amanda Lawrence et al.•Psychology of Popular Media•2023

  • Mobile-based Interactive Media in Remedial Reading Instruction

    Open Access•Alona Medalia Gabejan, Alona Medalia C Gabejan et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Concepciones de niños y niñas sobre la inteligencia ¿Qué papel se otorga a las funciones ejecutivas y a la autorregulación

    Open Access•Mónica M Pino Muñoz, Vanessa Arán-Filippetti•Propósitos y Representaciones•2019

  • How Living in Vulnerable Conditions Undermines Cognitive Development

    Open Access•Joaquín A Ibáñez-Alfonso, Claudia Garcı́a de la Cadena et al.•Children•2021

  • Shining a light on cultural neuroscience

    Open Access•Maria M Arredondo•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2023

  • Risco e regulação emocional em idade pré-escolar

    Open Access•Joana Cadima, Tiago Ferreira et al.•Análise Psicológica•2016

  • Cognitive Control Skills Are Related to Ambiguity Awareness in French‐Learning 5‐to‐6‐Year‐Olds

    Open Access•Violette Bigot, John C Trueswell et al.•Cognitive Science•2025

  • Spoken word recognition by Latino children learning Spanish as their first language

    Open Access•NEREYDA HURTADO, Virginia A Marchman et al.•Journal of Child Language•2007

  • Executive function as a mechanism linking socioeconomic status to internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in children and adolescents

    Open Access•Elizabeth A McNeilly, Matthew Peverill et al.•Journal of Adolescence•2021

  • Diretrizes para Autores

    Open Access•Editoria Executiva•Revista Brasileira de Estudos…•2021

  • Pedagogía freireana y neurociencia educacional

    Open Access•Jorge Alejandro Santos, Maria Julia Hermida•Revista Brasileira de Estudos…•2022

  • Can an unpredictable childhood environment enhance working memory? Testing the sensitized-specialization hypothesis

    Ethan S Young, Vladas Griskevicius et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2018

  • Middle class and marginal? Socioeconomic status, stigma, and self-regulation at an elite university

    Sarah E Johnson, Jennifer A Richeson et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2011

  • Psychological patterns of poverty in Russia

    Open Access•Olga Poluektova, Maria Efremova et al.•International Journal of Psychology•2022

  • A secure base from which to regulate

    Annie Bernier, Miriam H Beauchamp et al.•Developmental Psychology•2015

  • Modeling socioeconomic status effects on language development

    Michael S C Thomas, Neil A Forrester et al.•Developmental Psychology•2013

  • Relevance of a neurophysiological marker of attention allocation for children’s learning-related behaviors and academic performance

    Open Access•Cynthia J Willner, Lisa M Gatzke‐kopp et al.•Developmental Psychology•2015

  • Effortful control among low-income preschoolers in three cities

    Christine P Li-Grining, Christine P Li‐Grining•Developmental Psychology•2007

  • Executive function and theory of mind

    Claire Hughes, Rosie Ensor•Developmental Psychology•2007

  • Vocabulary, syntax, and narrative development in typically developing children and children with early unilateral brain injury

    Open Access•Özlem Ece Demir, M Laurens Rowe et al.•Developmental Psychology•2015

  • Verbal ability and executive functioning development in preschoolers at head start

    Mary Wagner Fuhs, Jeanne D Day•Developmental Psychology•2011

  • The limits of visual working memory in children

    Ed D J Berry, Amanda H Waterman et al.•Developmental Psychology•2018

  • The integrative model of family stress underlying Spanish and English vocabulary development in Mexican American children

    Open Access•Anna J Yeo, Amanda M Flagg et al.•Developmental Psychology•2021

  • Does early executive function predict teacher–child relationships from kindergarten to second grade

    Open Access•Rachel D McKinnon, The Family Life Project Investigators et al.•Developmental Psychology•2018

  • Cumulative psychosocial risk, parental socialization, and child cognitive functioning

    M Wade, Sheri Madigan et al.•Developmental Psychology•2018

  • Gene-environment interactions across development

    Sandra A Wiebe, Kimberly Andrews Espy et al.•Developmental Psychology•2009

  • Does linguistic input play the same role in language learning for children with and without early brain injury

    M Laurens Rowe, Susan C Levine et al.•Developmental Psychology•2009

  • Using confirmatory factor analysis to understand executive control in preschool children

    Sandra A Wiebe, Kimberly Andrews Espy et al.•Developmental Psychology•2008

  • Socio-emotional skills, behavior problems, and Spanish competence predict the acquisition of English among English language learners in poverty

    Adam Winsler, Yoon Kyong Kim et al.•Developmental Psychology•2014

  • Maternal education prospectively predicts child neurocognitive function

    Open Access•Santiago Morales, Maureen E Bowers et al.•Developmental Psychology•2024

  • Association of Socioeconomic Status With IQ and Attention in School Children in Poland, a Country With Relatively Low Socioeconomic Differences

    Open Access•Mikołaj Compa, Bartłomiej Walczak et al.•Developmental Psychobiology•2025

  • The effects of working memory training on working memory, self‐regulation, and analogical reasoning of preschool children

    Open Access•David Tzuriel, Tammy Weiss et al.•British Journal of Educational…•2024

  • Early life socioeconomic adversity is associated in adult life with chronic inflammation, carotid atherosclerosis, poorer lung function and decreased cognitive performance

    Open Access•Chris J Packard, Vladimir Bezlyak et al.•BMC Public Health•2011

  • Self‐Regulatory Profiles and Conduct Problems in Youth Referred to Juvenile Diversion

    Open Access•Timothy F Piehler, Rebecca Distefano et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2019

  • Language Development

    Open Access•Erika Hoff, Krystal M Ribot•International Encyclopedia of the…•2015

  • Understanding the consequences of bilingualism for language processing and cognition

    Judith F Kroll, Ellen Bialystok•European Journal of Cognitive…•2013

  • Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology

    Katie A Mclaughlin•Journal of Clinical Child &…•2016

  • Preschool Program Improves Cognitive Control

    Open Access•Adele Diamond, W Steven Barnett et al.•Science•2007

  • Demographic and familial predictors of early executive function development

    Open Access•Brittany L Rhoades, Mark T Greenberg et al.•Journal of Experimental Child…•2011

  • Socioeconomic status and cognitive functioning

    Open Access•Greg J Duncan, Katherine Magnuson•WIREs Cognitive Science•2012

  • Bilingual experience and executive functioning in young children

    Open Access•Stephanie M Carlson, Andrew N Meltzoff•Developmental Science•2008

  • Socioeconomic status and the developing brain

    Open Access•Daniel A Hackman, Olivier Zendra et al.•Trends in Cognitive Sciences•2009

  • Family Socioeconomic Status and Child Executive Functions

    Open Access•Khaled Sarsour, Margaret Sheridan et al.•Journal of the International…•2011

  • Bilingualism Enriches the Poor

    Open Access•Pascale M J Engel De Abreu, Anabela Cruz-Santos et al.•Psychological Science•2012

  • The Potential for School-Based Interventions That Target Executive Function to Improve Academic Achievement

    Open Access•Robin Jacob, Julia Parkinson•Review of Educational Research•2015

  • The structure of executive function in 3-year-olds

    Open Access•Sandra A Wiebe, Tiffany D Sheffield et al.•Journal of Experimental Child…•2011

  • Childhood poverty

    Open Access•Martha J Farah, David Shera et al.•Brain Research•2006

  • Socioeconomic status and executive function

    Open Access•Daniel A Hackman, Ruth Gallop et al.•Developmental Science•2015

  • Role of cash in conditional cash transfer programmes for child health, growth, and development

    Open Access•Lia C H Fernald, Lia CH Fernald et al.•The Lancet•2008

  • The benefits of being bilingual

    Open Access•E Blom, Aylin C Küntay et al.•Journal of Experimental Child…•2014

  • Tracking Executive Function Across the Transition to School

    Claire Hughes, Rosie Ensor et al.•Developmental Neuropsychology•2009

  • Family Correlates of False Belief Understanding in Early Childhood

    Open Access•Rory T Devine, Claire Hughes•Child Development•2018

  • The Classroom as a Developmental Context for Cognitive Development

    Open Access•Loren Vandenbroucke, Jantine Spilt et al.•Review of Educational Research•2018

  • Children's Engagement Within the Preschool Classroom and Their Development of Self-Regulation

    Amanda Williford, Amanda P Williford et al.•Early Education and Development•2013

  • A meta‐analysis of the relationship between socioeconomic status and executive function performance among children

    Open Access•Gwendolyn M Lawson, Cayce J Hook et al.•Developmental Science•2018

  • The Neuroscience of Socioeconomic Status

    Open Access•Martha J Farah•Neuron•2017

  • Family income, parental education and brain structure in children and adolescents

    Open Access•Kimberly G Noble, Suzanne M Houston et al.•Nature Neuroscience•2015

  • The developmental trajectories of executive function from adolescence to old age

    Open Access•Heather J Ferguson, Victoria E A Brunsdon et al.•Scientific Reports•2021

  • Neural correlates of socioeconomic status in the developing human brain

    Open Access•Kimberly G Noble, Suzanne M Houston et al.•Developmental Science•2012

  • CSRP’s Impact on Low-Income Preschoolers’ Preacademic Skills

    Open Access•C Cybele Raver, Stephanie M Jones et al.•Child Development•2011

  • Independent effects of bilingualism and socioeconomic status on language ability and executive functioning

    Open Access•Alejandra Calvo, Ellen Bialystok•Cognition•2014

  • What did Simon say? Revisiting the bilingual advantage

    Open Access•J Bruce Morton, Sarah N Harper•Developmental Science•2007

  • Socioeconomic status and the brain

    Open Access•Daniel A Hackman, Martha J Farah et al.•Nature Reviews Neuroscience•2010

  • Leveraging the biology of adversity to address the roots of disparities in health and development

    Open Access•Jack P Shonkoff•Proceedings of the National…•2012

  • Childhood poverty, chronic stress, and adult working memory

    Open Access•Gary W Evans, Michelle A Schamberg•Proceedings of the National…•2009

  • State of the Art Review

    Sara B Johnson, Jenna L Riis et al.•PEDIATRICS•2016

  • Social factors in the development of early executive functioning

    Open Access•Annie Bernier, Stephanie M Carlson et al.•Developmental Science•2012

  • Early Life Development in a Multiethnic Sample and the Relation to Late Life Cognition

    Rebecca J Melrose, Paul Brewster et al.•The Journals of Gerontology…•2014

  • The productivity of public and private preschools (and schools)

    Open Access•Petter Berg, Mauricio Romero et al.•The Economic Journal•2025

  • Conducting Research with Families of Infants Born with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

    Open Access•Julia Jaekel, Elizabeth I Johnson et al.•Social Work Research•2020

  • Consequences of late bilingualism for novel word learning

    Open Access•Vishnu KK Nair, Britta Biedermann et al.•International Journal of…•2015

  • Socioeconomic disadvantage and ethnicity are associated with large differences in children’s working memory ability

    Open Access•Kate E Mooney, Kate E Pickett et al.•BMC Psychology•2022

  • Preschool Executive Functioning and Child Behavior

    Open Access•Costanza Ruffini, Gian Marco Marzocchi et al.•Children•2021

  • Longitudinal Associations from Maternal and Paternal Internalizing Symptoms to Preschooler’s Problem Behavior and Social Competence in China

    Open Access•Xiaopei Xing, Yuqing Liu et al.•Child Psychiatry & Human…•2023

  • Investigating the bilingual advantage

    Gloria Chamorro, Vikki Janke•International Journal of…•2020

  • Socioeconomic gradients predict individual differences in neurocognitive abilities

    Open Access•Kimberly G Noble, Bruce D Mccandli et al.•Developmental Science•2007

  • Rehabilitation and Disability Spectrum From Adverse Childhood Experience

    Open Access•Gisella Baglio, Michela Zanette et al.•Frontiers in Psychiatry•2021

  • Neuropsychological Functioning and Attachment Representations in Early School Age as Predictors of ADHD Symptoms in Late Adolescence

    Open Access•Raziye Salari, Gunilla Bohlin et al.•Child Psychiatry & Human…•2016

  • Parental socioeconomic position and midlife allostatic load

    Open Access•Dinne Skjærlund Christensen, Trine Flensborg-Madsen et al.•BMC Public Health•2018

  • Long-term effects of early life rainfall shocks on foundational cognitive skills

    Open Access•Nicolás Pazos, Marta Favara et al.•Economics & Human Biology•2024

  • How do families help or hinder the emergence of early executive function

    Open Access•Claire Hughes, Claire H Hughes et al.•New Directions for Child and…•2009

  • Language and Cognitive Shifting

    Open Access•Mako Okanda, Yusuke Moriguchi et al.•Psychological Reports•2010

  • Innovations in Social and Emotional Learning Research and Practice

    Open Access•Rebecca Bailey, Natasha Raisch et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Are the Effects of Variation in Quantity of Daily Bilingual Exposure and Socioeconomic Status on Language and Cognitive Abilities Independent in Preschool Children

    Open Access•Raffaele Dicataldo, Maja Roch•International Journal of…•2020

  • The development of English proficiency and working memory in 5–6 year old ELLs in their first year of formal education

    Michelle Jennifer White•International Journal of…•2019

  • Measuring Two Types of Inhibitory Control in Bilinguals and Trilinguals

    Open Access•Arnel R Madrazo, Allan B I Bernardo•Psychological Studies•2018

  • Classifying Young Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Based on Child, Parent, and Family Characteristics

    Open Access•Evelyn Law, Georgios D Sideridis et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Home‐Rearing Environment, Domain-General Skills, and the Development of Math Skills in Children

    Open Access•Shuang Wang, Cong Liu et al.•Early Childhood Education Journal•2026

  • Investigating the Impact of a Music Training Programme on the Development of Rhythm, Lexicon, and Executive Functions in 2- and 4-Year-Olds

    Open Access•Ambra Natati, Chiara Barachetti et al.•Early Childhood Education Journal•2026

  • The impact of an interaction-based classroom program on executive function development in low-SES preschoolers

    Open Access•Silke Kellens, Fren Dieusaert et al.•Frontiers in Education•2023

  • Domain-Specific Stimulation of Executive Functioning in Low-Performing Students with a Roma Background

    Open Access•Iveta Kovalčíková, Jochanan Veerbeek et al.•Education Sciences•2021

  • A Systematic Literature Review of the Impact of Cognitive Stimulation Programs on Reading Skills in Children Aged between 6 and 12 Years Old

    Open Access•Claudia Reina-Reina, Edgar Anton et al.•Education Sciences•2024

  • Okul Öncesi Dönemdeki Çocukların Bilişsel İşlevleri Uygulama Performanslarının Sosyoekonomik Düzeye Göre İncelenmesi

    Open Access•Beste AYDIN, Emine Ahmetoglu•MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi•2022

  • The positive learning transfer from a musical play early-learning system® to young children’s linguistic and spatial skills

    Chantal Caracci, Karine Martel et al.•Music Education Research•2022

  • Continuous effects of bilingualism and attention on Flanker task performance

    Open Access•Ashley Chung-Fat-Yim, 光造 高木 et al.•Bilingualism Language and Cognition•2020

  • A study on the executive functioning skills of Greek–English bilingual children – a nearest neighbour approach

    Open Access•Athanasia Papastergiou, Eirini Sanoudaki et al.•Bilingualism Language and Cognition•2023

  • Associations between bilingualism and memory generalization during infancy

    Open Access•Natalie Brito, Ashley Greaves et al.•Bilingualism Language and Cognition•2021

  • Direct and indirect links between children’s socio-economic status and education

    Open Access•Edwin S Dalmaijer, Sophie G Gibbons et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • Heterogeneity in the Development of Executive Function

    Jeanne L Reid, Douglas D Ready•Early Education and Development•2022

  • Developmental Pattern, Latent Profiles, and Family Predictors of Chinese Preschoolers’ Sympathy

    Xinxin Liu, Yong Jiang et al.•Early Education and Development•2022

  • Social Competence in Children

    Kenneth A Dodge, Gregory S Pettit et al.•Monographs of the Society for…•1986

  • Brain Activation Modulated by Sentence Comprehension

    Open Access•Marcel Adam Just, Luca Callegaro et al.•Science•1996

  • Theory of mind and rule-based reasoning

    Open Access•Douglas Frye, Philip David Zelazo et al.•Cognitive Development•1995

  • Cumulative familial risks and low-birthweight children's cognitive and behavioral development

    Fong-Ruey Liaw, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn•Journal of Clinical Child…•1994

  • An age-related dissociation between knowing rules and using them

    Open Access•Philip David Zelazo, Douglas Frye et al.•Cognitive Development•1996

  • Brain development during childhood and adolescence

    Open Access•Jay N Giedd, Jonathan Blumenthal et al.•Nature Neuroscience•1999

  • Role of left inferior prefrontal cortex in retrieval of semantic knowledge

    Open Access•Sharon L Thompson-Schill, Mark D’esposito et al.•Proceedings of the National…•1997

  • Frontal Lobe Contributions to Theory of Mind

    Open Access•Valerie E Stone, Simon Baron‐cohen et al.•Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience•1998

  • Attention, self–regulation and consciousness

    Open Access•The American Association for Research into Nervous and Mental Diseases,…•Philosophical Transactions of the…•1998

  • Structural and functional brain development and its relation to cognitive development

    Open Access•B J Casey, Jay N Giedd et al.•Biological Psychology•2000

  • The relationship between cognition and action

    Open Access•Cherie L Gerstadt, Yoon Joo Hong et al.•Cognition•1994

  • A standardized set of 260 pictures

    Joan Gay Snodgrass, Mary Vanderwart•Journal of Experimental…•1980

  • Experience and Brain Development

    William T Greenough, James Black et al.•Child Development•1987

  • The Long-Term Effects of Exposure to Low Doses of Lead in Childhood

    Herbert L Needleman, Alan Schell et al.•New England Journal of Medicine•1990

  • Preliminary design of six major river pipeline crossings in permafrost terrain. Conference. Preprint.

    Open Access•E W Hollingshead, Victor A Sowa•International Journal of Rock…•1975

  • Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development.

    Vonnie C Mcloyd•American Psychologist•1998

  • Single Mothers in Low-Wage Jobs

    Open Access•Aurora P Jackson, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn et al.•Child Development•2000

  • Some Practical Guidelines for Measuring Youth's Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status

    Doris R Entwisle, Nan Marie Astone•Child Development•1994

  • The Impact of Economic Hardship on Black Families and Children

    Vonnie C Mcloyd•Child Development•1990

  • Who Drops Out of and Who Continues Beyond High School? A 20-Year Follow-Up of Black Urban Youth

    Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, G Guo et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•1993

  • Consequences of growing up poor

    Open Access•Karie Frasch, Karie M Frasch•Children and Youth Services Review•1999

  • Long-term poverty and child development in the United States

    Open Access•Sanders Korenman, Jane Miller et al.•Children and Youth Services Review•1995

  • Beyond metaphor

    Ron Haskins•American Psychologist•1989

  • Some Practical Guidelines for Measuring Youth's Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status

    Open Access•Doris R Entwisle, Doris R Entwislea et al.•Child Development•1994

  • How Much Does Childhood Poverty Affect the Life Chances of Children

    Greg J Duncan, W J J Yeung et al.•American Sociological Review•1998

  • Practical aspects of memory

    Open Access•Burton V Reifler•Social Science & Medicine•1982

  • Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes

    Donald T Stu, Donald T Stuss et al.•Psychological Bulletin•1984

Unique citing works182
Citations per year8,67
Citation span2005 - 2026 (22)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 150

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae