Measures of Anchoring in Estimation Tasks
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23367231 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Karen E Jacowitz (University of California, Berkeley), Daniel Kahneman (Princeton University) |
| Year | 1995 |
| Volume | 21 |
| Issue | 11 |
| Pages | 1161-1166 |
| Publication date | 1995-11-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0146-1672 • E-ISSN: 1552-7433 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/01461672952111004 |
| OpenAlex | W2147091291 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 127 |
| References cited | 11 |
The authors describe a method for the quantitative study of anchoring effects in estimation tasks. A calibration group provides estimates of a set of uncertain quantities. Subjects in the anchored condition first judge whether a specified number (the anchor) is higher or lower than the true value before estimating each quantity. The anchors are set at predetermined percentiles of the distribution of estimates in the calibration group (15th and 85th percentiles in this study). This procedure permits the transformation of anchored estimates into percentiles in the calibration group, allows pooling of results across problems, and provides a natural measure of the size of the effect. The authors illustrate the method by a demonstration that the initial judgment of the anchor is susceptible to an anchoring-like bias and by an analysis of the relation between anchoring and subjective confidence.
Anchoring · Calibration · Data mining · Econometrics · Estimation · Measure (data warehouse) · Percentile · Pooling · Set (abstract data type) · Statistics · Artificial Intelligence · Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference · Computer Science · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics · Engineering · Forecasting Techniques and Applications · Mathematics · Psychology · Social Psychology
Cognitive Biases of Consumers’ Risk Perception of Foodborne Diseases in China
A flexible influence of affective feelings on creative and analytic performance
Cognição social fora do laboratório não é peixe fora de água
Depression and the susceptibility to anchoring bias
Anchoring effect in legal decision-making
Individual differences in reasoning
Strengthening the Influence of Advertised Reference Prices through Information Priming
Conceptual replication study of fifteen JDM effects
Support theory
The effect of accuracy motivation on anchoring and adjustment
Explaining the enigmatic anchoring effect
When conflicts are good
Judgeability concerns
The spotlight effect in social judgment
Egocentric empathy gaps between owners and buyers
A multiprocess account of hindsight bias in children
Judgment and Decision Making
Heuristics and Biases
"Coherent Arbitrariness"
Using Nonnaive Participants Can Reduce Effect Sizes
Economic Preferences or Attitude Expressions?
Overcoming the Inevitable Anchoring Effect
Online panels in social science research
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic
Putting Adjustment Back in the Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic
Anchoring, Activation, and the Construction of Values
Thinking is Believing
Comparison processes in social judgment
Measuring Expectations
Representativeness Revisited
Reference Points and Effort Provision
Social Projection of Transient Drive States
Evaluating CloudResearch’s Approved Group as a solution for problematic data quality on MTurk
Investigating Variation in Replicability
Anchoring and Judgment Bias
A mobile phone intervention to reduce heavy drinking
Anchoring and subjective belief distributions
Experimental Evidence that Social Learning in Structured Information-Sharing Networks Corrects Anchoring Bias
The Bots Ruining Social Science Are Not Bots at All
To Bid or Not to Bid? That is the Question! First- Versus Second-Mover Advantage in Negotiations
Inconsistent rating scales decrease social influence bias and enhance crowd wisdom
The baker's advice matters! Multiple anchoring in legal decision-making
Social Class Competence Stereotypes Are Amplified by Socially Signaled Economic Inequality
Anchoring the anchor
The nature of anchor-biased estimates and its application to the wisdom of crowds
Analyzing the misperception of exponential growth in graphs
Knowledge of precise offers as a negotiating tactic does not reduce its effect on counteroffers
Are Big Five Traits and Facets Associated With Anchoring Susceptibility
Angry (or Disgusted), but Adjusting? The Effect of Specific Emotions on Adjustment From Self-Generated Anchors
Elaborating the Individual Difference Component in Deterrence Theory
Behavioural Aspects of Price Expectations and the Anchoring Effect on the Housing Market – Polish Case Study
The cognitive ripple of social norms communications
The Nobel Prize in behavioral and experimental economics
Moving Onwards
A neuropsychological dimension for anchoring effects
How the anchor moves
The fragile basic anchoring effect
The Categorization of Continuous Attributes
Confidently Biased
The long and short of it
Anchoring Effects in Simulated Academic Promotion Decisions
When effortful thinking influences judgmental anchoring
The De‐biasing Effect of Incidental Anger on Other‐provided Anchors
Mixed‐effects regression weights for advice taking and related phenomena of information sampling and utilization
Motivated to confront
Academic judgments under uncertainty
Short-term subsidies and seller type
Ambiguity and Self-Evaluation
The Affect Heuristic
On the Cognitive Mechanics of Planning Judgment
Identifying characteristics associated with higher education teachers’ Cognitive Reflection Test performance and their attitudes towards teaching critical thinking
Creative scar without generative AI
Entendiendo la evaluación de la espera desde la psicología del consumidor
Judgment in the presence of multiple conflicting anchors
Anchoring bias in peer assessment
Behavioral Biases among Producers
The Effect of Simulating the Absence of Benefits on Gratitude
Joint Effects of Goal Framing and Price on Green Consumption
Expectation Regarding Benefit Does Not Determine Gratitude
Territorial Knowledge Dynamics and Knowledge Anchoring through Localized Networks
Effects of Accuracy Motivation and Anchoring on Metacomprehension Judgment and Accuracy
Are Fluent Anchors More Effective? Field Experiment on Anchoring, Anchor Fluency, and Willingness to Pay
Comparing Is Believing
Beyond Current Guidelines
Land use policy and spatiotemporal changes in the water area of an arid region
Changes of traffic network and urban transformation
Performance comparisons of land institution and land regulation systems on water area decrease
Not all anchors are created equal
It’s about the process, not the result
Adapting to the Euro
On confident men and rational women
Lie hard
He May Certainly Have Forgotten”
Normalization in the courtroom
Does anchoring vary across cultures? Expanding the Many Labs analysis
The durability of anchoring effects
Psychological effects of the Euro—experimental research on the perception of salaries and price estimations
When knowledge matters—differential effects of available knowledge in standard and basic anchoring tasks
Deserving a Just Pension
Warum fast alle das deutsche Rentensystem ungerecht finden, aber trotzdem nichts daran ändern möchten
| Unique citing works | 127 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,23 |
| Citation span | 1969 - 2026 (58) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 111 |