Forbearance
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 3214993 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Alisha C Holland (0000-0002-4215-8530, Harvard University Press, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2016 |
| Volume | 110 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 232-246 |
| Publication date | 2016-05-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Political Science Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0003-0554 • E-ISSN: 1537-5943 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1017/s0003055416000083 |
| OpenAlex | W4248449115 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 154 |
| References cited | 36 |
Particularly in developing countries, there is a gap between written law and behavior. Comparative research emphasizes that laws go unenforced due to resource constraints or inadequate control of the bureaucracy. I instead introduce the concept offorbearance, or the intentional and revocable nonenforcement of law, and argue that politicians often withhold sanctions to maximize votes as well as rents. Drawing on tools from price theory and distributive politics, I present several methods to separate situations when politicians are unable versus unwilling to enforce the law. I demonstrate the identification strategies with original data on the enforcement of laws against street vending and squatting in urban Latin America. In contexts of inadequate social policy, politicians use forbearance to mobilize voters and signal their distributive commitments. These illustrations thus suggest the rich, and largely neglected, distributive politics behind apparent institutional weakness
Distributive property · Economics · Enforcement · Forbearance · Law and economics · Law enforcement · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sanctions · Voluntarism (philosophy · Corruption and Economic Development · Law · Regulation and Compliance Studies · Taxation and Compliance Studies
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Platforming populism
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Evidence from Lagos on Discrimination across Ethnic and Class Identities in Informal Trade
The moral and political economy of the pandemic in Bangladesh
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The collusion trap
Clientelism and governance
Clientelism, corruption and the rule of law
Development, division and discontent in informal markets
Finance, infrastructure and urban capital
Violence and black markets
Compliance and accountability-seeking
The credibility of slums
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The paradoxes of informalizing street trade in the Latin American city
Politicised enforcement in China
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Contentious Origins of Authoritarian Social Protection
Labor Divides, Informality, and Regulation
Discrepancy of social insurance between laws and practices
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Sex and the State
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Standoffish States
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Measuring Public Sector Capacity
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The Effect of Squatter Housing on Income Distribution in Urban Turkey
Crime and Punishment
Variation in Institutional Strength
Selective Policy Implementation in Rural China
Taming the “Rogue” Sector
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| Unique citing works | 154 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 17,11 |
| Citation span | 2017 - 2026 (10) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 153 |