Gender differences in risk taking
A meta-analysis
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4422571 |
|---|---|
| Authors | James P Byrnes (0000-0002-3760-8509), David C Miller (0000-0002-7378-5625), William D Schafer |
| Year | 1999 |
| Volume | 125 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 367-383 |
| Publication date | 1999-05-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0033-2909 • E-ISSN: 1939-1455 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0033-2909.125.3.367 |
| OpenAlex | W2026217192 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 679 |
| References cited | 68 |
The authors conducted a meta-analysis of 150 studies in which the risk-taking tendencies of male and female participants were compared. Studies were coded with respect to type of task (e.g., self-reported behaviors vs. observed behaviors), task content (e.g., smoking vs. sex), and 5 age levels. Results showed that the average effects for 14 out of 16 types of risk taking were significantly larger than 0 (indicating greater risk taking in male participants) and that nearly half of the effects were greater than .20. However, certain topics (e.g., intellectual risk taking and physical skills) produced larger gender differences than others (e.g., smoking). In addition, the authors found that (a) there were significant shifts in the size of the gender gap between successive age levels, and (b) the gender gap seems to be growing smaller over time. The discussion focuses on the meaning of the results for theories of risk taking and the need for additional studies to clarify age trends
Developmental psychology · Gender gap · Meaning (existential) · Meta-analysis · Task (project management) · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Clinical Psychology · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics · Demography · Internal Medicine · Medicine · Optimism, Hope, and Well-being · Psychology · Social Psychology
Testosterone and financial risk preferences
Risk-taking as a situationally sensitive male mating strategy
Competitive disadvantage facilitates risk taking
The 7R polymorphism in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) is associated with financial risk taking in men
The baby effect and young male syndrome
Hunter-gatherer males are more risk-seeking than females, even in late childhood
Perceived and experimentally manipulated status moderates the relationship between facial structure and risk-taking
Tattoo and piercing as signals of biological quality
Attitudes toward heroic and nonheroic physical risk takers as mates and as friends
Sports Preference and Digit Ratio (2d
Charging ahead without her? Why women in the United States are less willing than men to purchase electric vehicles
Charismatic species should be large
Razem czy osobno? Znaczenie płci w szkolnej nauce języka obcego
Integrating Gender Dynamics into Innovation Ecosystems
Small entrepreneurship
The Effect of Abstract and Concrete Thinking on Risk-Taking Behavior in Women and Men
Determinants of Political Content Sharing on Social Media
Sustainable combinations of morpho-functional and personality traits of men engaged in high-risk professions
Differences in Variance, Skewness, and Kurtosis Can Account for Differences in Binary Outcomes
Interpersonal trauma and PTSD
Essential Differences in the Meaning and Processes of Mothering and Fathering
Corporate governance, gender diversity and risk-taking behaviour of banks in an emerging economy – some empirical evidence from Ghana
Advancing the health and well‐being of boys and men
Spectators' Negotiations of Risk, Masculinity and Performative Mobilities at the TT Races
Avoiding Adversariness? The Effects of Gender on Litigant Decision-Making
Tradycje kulturowe i zachowania żywieniowe turystów płci męskiej w dobie Covid-19
Feeling of Meaningfulness and Anxiety of Taekwon-Do Fighters in a Salutogenic Notion
Acceptance of the Covid-19 Vaccine by Foreigners in South Korea
A Cross-Sectional Study of Heat Wave-Related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among the Public in the Licheng District of Jinan City, China
Healthy Behavior and Environmental Behavior Correlate with Bicycle Commuting
A Typology of Poles’ Attitudes toward Covid-19 during the First Wave of the Pandemic
The Dark Factor of Personality and Risk-Taking
Characteristics of Fatal, Pedestrian-Involved, Motor Vehicle Crashes in West Virginia
To Blame or Not to Blame
Fun, Money, and Feeling Down
Sleep and risk-taking propensity in life history and evolutionary perspectives
Disrupting facial action increases risk taking
Disgust as a mechanism for decision making under risk
Hard won and easily lost
Using an Agent-Based Model to Simulate the Development of Risk Behaviors During Adolescence
The risk of male success and failure
Young People's Leisure and Risk-Taking Behaviours
Not-So-Strong Evidence for Gender Differences in Risk Taking
Social Exclusion and Private Over-indebtedness in the EU
Gender Differences in Verbal Irony Use
Parental Beliefs Regarding Developmental Benefits of Childhood Injuries
Hanging Out With the Right Crowd
Does gender diversity among new venture team matter for R&D intensity in technology-based new ventures? Evidence from a field experiment
Explaining the Gender Gap in Math Test Scores
Determinants of Economic Risk Preferences Across Adolescence
Risk Preference in Making Romantic Relationship Decisions for Others with Different Psychological Distance
Identifying the Impact of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy
Covid‐19's Impact on Immigration and Trade Preferences
Farm Families
Gender, Lifecourse and Publication Decisions in Toxic-Exposure Epidemiology
Mood, Gender, and Situational Influences on Risk-Taking Advice for Others
The development of risk-taking
Adrenalin Junkies
Why Do Consumers Buy Extended Service Contracts
Sex, Fear, and Greed
Nothing to Fear But Fear Itself
Thinking styles and decision making
A meta-analysis on age differences in risky decision making
Gender differences in the initiation of negotiations
Gender differences in narcissism
The effects of risk-glorifying media exposure on risk-positive cognitions, emotions, and behaviors
Genderverschillen en deviant gedrag
Identifying robust correlates of risk preference
Economic decision biases and fundamental motivations
Work preferences, life values, and personal views of top math/science graduate students and the profoundly gifted
Developmental differences in reward sensitivity and sensation seeking in adolescence
Stability and change in risk-taking propensity across the adult life span
Cross-national variation in the size of sex differences in values
Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures
A Motivational Perspective on Risky Behaviors
Development and initial validation of Sport Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ)
Gender Differences in Market Competitiveness in a Real Workplace
The evolutionary basis of risky adolescent behavior
Maternal sensitivity and effortful control in early childhood as predictors of adolescents’ adjustment
Age differences in affective decision making as indexed by performance on the Iowa Gambling Task
When do adaptive developmental mechanisms yield maladaptive outcomes
Early child care and adolescent functioning at the end of high school
Comparing GPs’ risk attitudes for their own health and for their patients’
Condom use and sexuality communication with adults
Causes of death contributions to the sex gaps in life expectancy
Family Instability and Exposure to Violence in the Early Life Course
What Keeps Students from Driving under the Influence of Alcohol and Prescription Drugs?
Social Biases During Covid 19
The Cambridge Handbook of the International Psychology of Women
The Underrepresentation of Women in Elective Office
Gender
Sex differences in aggression
Peer Rejection, Sex Differences in Initiation Of
Women’s Use of Direct Versus Disguised Social Aggression
Sex Differences in Same-Sex Aggression
Economists and Evolutionary Psychology
Men Riskier, More Aggressive
Gender Differences in Personality and Social Behavior
Gender Differences in Risk Assessment
Affective and deliberative processes in risky choice
Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities
The place of impulsiveness in a dimensional system of personality description
Competitiveness, risk taking, and violence
Between Hope and Fear
The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice
Marijuana Use in a Small College
Generality of Risk Taking on Objective Examinations
The Effect of Scoring Instructions and Degree of Speededness on the Validity and Reliability of Multiple-Choice Tests1
Reckless behavior in adolescence
The development of achievement task values
Risk taking in adolescence
An investigation of the effects of strategy availability, bankroll, and sex on risk-taking behavior measured in a psychometric context 1
A Test of Two Theories in the Initial Process Stage of Coalition Formation
Age, gender, and ethnic differences in sexual and contraceptive knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors
Risk Taking as a Function of an Individual's Impression of the Power Situation
Age and Sex Differences in the Probability Preferences of Children
Group Risk Taking and Internal-External Control of Group Members
An Exploratory Analysis of Effect of Sex on Shift in Choices
Sex, Instructional Set, and Group Make-up
Risk-Taking Behavior
Gender and Marital Differences for Risk Taking among Undergraduates
Decisions about Drug Use
Risk as Value
Implications of Gender Differences for Managers
Risk-Taking by Retarded and Nonretarded Children
Risk-Taking Preferences of College Students in Canada and the United States
Sex, Religion, and Risk-Taking Behavior as Correlates of Death Anxiety
An Overview of Meta-Analysis
Risk Taking as a Predictor of Adolescent Sexual Activity and Use of Contraception
Australian Adolescents' Perceptions of Health-Related Risks
Women, Men, and Condoms
Female and male intravenous drug users not-in-treatment
Gender and patterns of sexual risk taking in college students
Sex differences in a simulated classroom economy
Sex differences in risk taking and its attribution
Behavioral and Emotional Risk in Early Adolescents
Frequent Somatic Complaints and Psychosocial Risk in Adolescents
Sex differences in valuations of the environment
Parental investment and risk taking in simulated family situations
Saving and risk taking
Racial/Ethnic differences in smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use among American high school seniors, 1976-89
Changes in multiple sexual partnerships, HIV testing, and condom use among US heterosexuals 18 to 49 years of age, 1990 and 1992
The sexual behavior of US adults
The factor structure of the Reckless Behavior Questionnaire
Framing in terms of ‘high‐risk groups’ versus ‘risky practices’ and prognoses of HIV infection
Changes in condom use among heterosexuals in wave 3 of the Amen Survey
Patterns of sexuality and risky sexuality in the general population of a California county
Lifetime sexual behaviors among runaway males and females
Risky aggression in individuals and groups
Risk-taking in games of chance and skill
Predicting young adults' health risk behavior
Generality and Correlates of Risks Taking
Motivational Determinants of Decision-Making in a Triadic Coalition Game
Influenceability of Sex Differences under Conditions of Risk Taking
Locus of Control and Sex Differences in Skill and Chance Risk-Taking Conditions
Risk-taking in cooperative and competitive dyads
Protective factors in adolescent problem behavior
Explaining gender differences on SAT-math items
The role of contextual and personal factors in children's risk taking
The Influence of Message Framing on Intentions to Perform Health Behaviors
Sexual experience, birth control usage, and sex education of unmarried Canadian university students
Risk Taking on Objective Examinations
Assessment of risk taking behavior
Sexual risk reduction behaviors among young heterosexual adults
A power primer
Personality and Other Characteristics Associated with Cigarette Smoking Among Young Teenagers
Risk and Religion
Socialization and Risk Behavior in Two Countries
| Unique citing works | 643 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 25,15 |
| Citation span | 1999 - 2026 (28) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 593 |