Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures on achievement
A meta-analysis
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4425484 |
|---|---|
| Authors | David W Johnson (0000-0001-5491-3460), Et Al, Geoffrey Maruyama (0000-0002-8367-6625), et al et al, Roger T Johnson, Roger Johnson, Deborah Nelson, Linda Skon |
| Year | 1981 |
| Volume | 89 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 47-62 |
| Publication date | 1981-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0033-2909 • E-ISSN: 1939-1455 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037//0033-2909.89.1.47 |
| OpenAlex | W4242226572 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 212 |
| References cited | 31 |
This article examines 122 existing studies concerning the effectiveness cooperation with and without intra-group competition, inter-personal competition, and individualistic goal structures, by using a meta-analysis. Three types of met-analysis are performed: vote method, effect-size method, and z-score method. Results indicate that cooperation is superior to competition and individualistic efforts for increasing achievement and productivity, cooperation without inter-group competition is better than cooperation with inter-group competition, and no significant differences occur between interpersonal competition and individualistic efforts on achievement and productivity. The authors conclude that these findings should have significant impacts for education and industry
Competition (biology) · Economic growth · Economics · Goal Orientation · Individualism · Interpersonal communication · Interpersonal relationship · Market economy · Meta-analysis · Microeconomics · Need for achievement · Productivity · Cognitive and psychological constructs research · Diverse Educational Innovations Studies · Ecology · Education and Learning Interventions · Medicine · Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports · Psychology · Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth · Social Psychology · Youth Development and Social Support
Intención y competencia pedagógica
The Nature of Learning
A teoria subjacente aos mapas conceituais e como elabora-los e usa-los
Linking Cooperative Learning and Emotional Intelligence in Physical Education
Using Cooperative Learning to Develop Language Competence and Social Skills
Towards a communicative model of collaborative web-mediated learning
Using blogging to promote clinical reasoning and metacognition in undergraduate physiotherapy fieldwork programs
Situational influences upon children's beliefs about global warming and energy
Direct and interactive links between cross-ethnic friendships and peer rejection, internalizing symptoms, and academic engagement among ethnically diverse children
Educação, diferença e psicologia
Examining Classroom Learning Preferences Among Elementary School Students
Comparing Outcomes From Differential Cooperative and Individualistic Learning Methods
Students' Perceptions of and Satisfaction with Group Grades and the Group Experience in the College Classroom
Peer Work Groups in Elementary Schools
Conversational Functions of Autobiographical Remembering
Collaborative Problem-Solving Interactions in Young and Old Married Couples
Conflict Resolution
The influence of teacher-student and student-student relationships on societal involvement in Dutch primary and secondary schools
Active Learning in Large Introductory Sociology Courses
Thinking Beyond the Bargaining Table
The Effects of Group Size on Interactive Storybook Reading
Improving Content-Area Reading Using Instructional Graphics
Promoting early adolescents' achievement and peer relationships
Separating ideology from currently available data
Further clarifying the competition–performance relation
Cooperation and competition in peaceful societies
When does cooperative learning increase student achievement
The competition–performance relation
Meta-analyses and the effects of various reward systems
Competition and performance
Meta-analysis of comparative therapy outcome studies
A random effects model for effect sizes
The modern face of prejudice and structural features that moderate the effect of cooperation on affect
Bringing the Review of Literature into the Age of Quantification
How effective is peer interaction in facilitating learning? A meta-analysis
Student-Student Interaction
Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics
Aggression in the Sports World
The Psychology of Good and Evil
A Fail-Safe N for Effect Size in Meta-Analysis
Achievement goals in the classroom
When Smart Groups Fail
Putting Education in “Educational” Apps
The bases of teacher expectancies
Cooperative Learning
Model of career and achievement motivation for women and men.
Research on Cooperative Learning and Achievement
Toward a Knowledge Base for School Learning
Restructuring the Classroom
Interpersonal Relationships, Motivation, Engagement, and Achievement
A Fail-Safe N for Effect Size in Meta-Analysis
Syntheses of educational productivity research
Peer-assisted learning interventions with elementary school students
Can Cooperative Learning Achieve the Four Learning Outcomes of Physical Education? A Review of Literature
A Review of the Academic and Psychological Impact of the Transition to Secondary Education
Social value orientation and cooperation in social dilemmas
The laboratory in science education
A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Service-Learning on the Social, Personal, and Cognitive Outcomes of Learning
An integrative analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport
New Developments in Social Interdependence Theory
Critical distinctions among three approaches to peer education
The Impact of Classroom Evaluation Practices on Students
Cooperative and Competitive Goal Approach to Conflict
A meta-analysis of the effects of face-to-face cooperative learning. Do recent studies falsify or verify earlier findings?
Interpreting Chicano Cooperativeness
A six-district study of educational change
Complementarity of Information and Quality of Relationship in Cooperative Learning
Effects of the Child Development Project on Students' Drug Use and Other Problem Behaviors
Hygieia at the scales
Good Practices and Learning Strategies of Undergraduate University Students
Using Peers as Social Skills Training Agents for Students With Antisocial Behavior
Types of College Student-to-Student Learning
Effect of School Bullying on Students’ Peer Cooperation
A theoretical framework for experiential learning
Fifth Grade Students Engaged in a Cooperative Learning Environment
Cooperative Learning in Italian Secondary School
Empowering teacher education with jigsaw techniques
Benefits and Challenges of Collaboration between Students and Conversational Generative Artificial Intelligence in Programming Learning
Enablers and Barriers to Successful Implementation of Cooperative Learning through Professional Development
Heterogeneity versus Homogeneity in Schools
Using cognitive modeling to examine the effects of competition on strategy and effort in races and tournaments
The dynamics of competition and decision-making
Research-Based Game Design for Serious Games
Where does culture belong at school? Exploring the role of individualism and power distance in school belonging across cultures
Exploring Barriers to Early Childhood Teachers’ Implementation of a Supplemental Academic Language Curriculum
Creative Thinking Skills and Executive Functions in Preadolescent Children
Interplay of metacognitive experiences and performance in collaborative problem solving
Haste Makes No Waste
Feeling Competitiveness or Empathy Towards Negotiation Counterparts Mitigates Sex Differences in Lying
Weaving a Colorful Cloth
Learning With Jigsaw
Mapping the Contributions of the Review of Educational Research to Education, 1931–2020
Who's the winner? Children's math learning in competitive and collaborative scenarios
Associations between cross-racial friendships and children’s social and academic adjustment in racially diverse classrooms
Feeling Like an Imposter
Understanding intercultural dynamics
Understanding and Addressing Gender‐Based Inequities in STEM
Building peace through education
Group discussion and the importance of a shared perspective
Cooperative learning
Cooperative Learning in Small Groups
The Efficiency of Small Human Groups in the Solution of Problems Requiring Genuine Co‐operation
Some motivational factors in cooperation and competition1
Ratings of psychology journals by members of the American Psychological Association
The use of group contingencies for behavioral control
A Group Token Program for the Education of the Mentally Ill
Divisible Tasks and Pooling Performance in Groups
Group performance as a function of group type, task condition and scholastic level
Concept attainment by individuals versus cooperative pairs as a function of memory, sex, and concept rule
Cooperative versus competitive concept attainment as a function of sex and stimulus display
A comparison of individual and group learning of nonsense syllables
Social decision schemes of the same four-person groups on two different intellective tasks
Statistically combining independent studies
Cooperation and competition in coacting groups
A Theory of Co-operation and Competition
Cooperation and competition in four-year-olds as a function of reward contingency and subculture
Intergroup and intragroup competition and cooperation
Effects of Competition as a Motivational Technique in the Classroom
An Experimental Study of the Effects of Co-Operation and Competition upon Group Process
Crowding
Social combination processes and individual learning for six-person cooperative groups on an intellective task
Individual versus triadic performance on a unidimensional complementary task as a function of initial ability level
Group productivity and process
Social facilitation and observational learning of individuals and cooperative pairs
Interdependence, Differential Rewarding, and Productivity
Group atmosphere and memory
Affiliation motivation and productivity in small groups
Do groups think more efficiently than individuals
Combining results of independent studies
Group versus individual problem-solving
On what type of task will a group do well
| Unique citing works | 204 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,71 |
| Citation span | 1981 - 2026 (46) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 174 |