Race, gender, and place
How judicial identity and local context shape anti-discrimination decisions
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4975909 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Christopher Kleps (0000-0003-4834-9140, University of Wisconsin–Green Bay, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2022 |
| Volume | 56 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 188-212 |
| Publication date | 2022-06-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Law & Society Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0023-9216 • E-ISSN: 1540-5893 |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1111/lasr.12606 |
| OpenAlex | W4280628244 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 4 |
| References cited | 84 |
While federal anti-employment discrimination laws have helped diminish inequality at work, discrimination persists, in part perhaps due to unequal handling of equal employment lawsuits. Prior research demonstrates that the definition of discrimination can vary based on local normative ideas, while another line shows that a judge's race or gender can shape how related lawsuits are handled. In this article, I draw on a set of EEOC workplace discrimination cases prosecuted in Federal Court and combine it with locality data, to analyze: (1) the impact of local context, specifically rurality, local political context, and southerness and; (2) how judges' race and gender interact with the local cultural-milieu. Findings reveal that plaintiffs of colour in race discrimination cases fair worse in rural courts or before white judges. Meanwhile, white judges in conservative areas are more defendant friendly than those outside the in more liberal areas. Black judges, in comparison, are more plaintiff friendly in conservative areas when compared to black judges in more liberal areas. While female judges are generally more plaintiff friendly than male judges in sex cases, location has no discernible effect
Context (archaeology · Disparate impact · Employment discrimination · Extortion · Geography · Identity (music · Jury · Plaintiff · Political science · Race (biology · Racism · Rural area · Rurality · Sociology · Supreme court · Gender Studies · Judicial and Constitutional Studies · Law · Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems · Legal Education and Practice Innovations
Inventing Equal Opportunity
Rights on Trial
Working Law
Institutional Dynamics on the U.S. Court of Appeals
What are the odds? How demographic similarity affects the prevalence of perceived employment discrimination.
Social context and racial disparities in punishment decisions
Racial/Ethnic Threat and Federal Sentencing
Playing Dice With Criminal Sentences
Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations
Expertise Fails to Attenuate Gendered Biases in Judicial Decision-Making
The State, Courts, and Equal Opportunities for Female CEOs in U.S. Organizations
Red Counties, Blue Counties, and Occupational Segregation by Sex and Race
The Context of Workplace Sex Discrimination
Employment Discrimination Lawsuits and Corporate Stock Prices
White Support for Racial Referenda in the Deep South
Divergent Paths
Sex-Based Harassment and Symbolic Compliance
Legal Rational Myths
Enforcement of Civil Rights Law in Private Workplaces
Understanding the complexities of ethnic-racial socialization processes for both minority and majority groups
Judges' Race and Judicial Decision Making
Courts and Political Change in the South
Rural Residence as a Determinant of Attitudes Toward US Immigration Policy
Subtle Yet Significant
Social Closure and Processes of Race/Sex Employment Discrimination
Court Communities Under Sentencing Guidelines
Retracted
The Voting Behavior of Minority Judges in the U.S. Courts of Appeals
Racial Wage Inequality
From Legal Doctrine to Social Transformation? Comparing U.S. Voting Rights, Equal Employment Opportunity, and Fair Housing Legislation
The Institutional Environment
The Gender Influence on US District Court Decisions
Back to the Black Belt
Building an Integrated Model of Trial Court Decision Making
Representation on the Courts? The Effects of Trial Judges’ Sex and Race
Gender, Race, and Intersectionality on the Federal Appellate Bench
Not the Whole Story
Untangling the Causal Effects of Sex on Judging
Insightful or wishful
The Timing of Justice in Felony Trial Courts
Gender, Critical Mass, and Judicial Decision Making
Organizational culture, perceived societal and organizational discrimination
Reconsidering the Environmental Determinants of White Racial Attitudes
Second Generation Employment Discrimination
Mass Imprisonment across the Rural-Urban Interface
Contemporary Hate Crimes, Law Enforcement, and the Legacy of Racial Violence
Multiple Disadvantages
The Strength of Weak Enforcement
Vigilantism, Current Racial Threat, and Death Sentences
Legal-Political Pressures and African American Access to Managerial Jobs
Perceiving Discrimination on the Job
Understanding Judicial Hierarchy
The Impact of Employment Discrimination Litigation on Racial Disparity in Earnings
Idle Rights
What Counts As Knowledge? A Reflection on Race, Social Science, and the Law
The Impact of Affirmative Action Regulation and Equal Employment Law on Black Employment
Unraveling the Complexities of Decision Making in Face-to-Face Groups
The Impact of Party and Region on Voting Decisions in the United States Courts of Appeals, 1955-1986
Ideology, Social Threat, and the Death Sentence
The Political Context of Sentencing
The Politics of Punishment across Time and Space
Gender Discrimination at Work
Do Moral Communities Play A Role In Criminal Sentencing? Evidence from Pennsylvania
Social Organization, Collective Sentiment, and Legal Sanctions in Murder Cases
When Organizations Rule
The Context of Discrimination
Producing Change or Bagging Opportunity? The Effects of Discrimination Litigation on Women in Supermarket Management
Legal Ambiguity and Symbolic Structures
Legal Environments and Organizational Governance
The Endogeneity of Legal Regulation
Support of workplace diversity policies
| Unique citing works | 4 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4 |
| Citation span | 2025 - 2025 (1) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 4 |