Different types of redundancy and their effect on learning and cognitive load
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 5262355 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Fabian Albers (0000-0003-1701-5172, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany, corresponding author), Melanie Trypke (0000-0002-6970-5741, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany), Ferdinand Stebner (0000-0001-9187-1722, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany), Jean Wirth (0000-0003-2414-9144, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany), Jan L Pla (0000-0001-5161-6989, New York University New York City New York USA) |
| Year | 2023 |
| Volume | 93 |
| Issue | S2 |
| Pages | 339-352 |
| Publication date | 2023-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | British Journal of Educational Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0007-0998 • E-ISSN: 2044-8279 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/bjep.12592 |
| PMID | 36775258 |
| OpenAlex | W4320179491 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 13 |
| References cited | 46 |
BackgroundWhat is redundancy? While most studies confirm that redundancy is harmful to learning, there are two theoretical approaches to redundancy. The first understands redundancy as a contentual overlap that puts demand on the limited cognitive capacities of the learner. The second understands redundancy as an ineffective combination of sources leading to an overload of the limited working memory modalities.AimsSince these theoretical differences are rarely acknowledged in operation, this study proposes a classification of two distinct types of redundancy to compare these experimentally to investigate their possible main and interaction effects. The first type, content redundancy, is concerned with the contentual overlap of information. The second type, modal redundancy, is concerned with the modalities in which the information is displayed.MethodsWe used these two types of redundancy as factors in a 2 × 2 within-subject design, in which we experimentally compared their effects.SampleUniversity students (N = 46) learned from specifically designed domain-general material which aimed to observe redundancy effects without interference from confounding variables.ResultsThe results show that content redundancy increases learning outcomes and decreases cognitive load, while modal redundancy decreases learning outcomes and increases cognitive load.ConclusionOn the theoretical level, these findings confirm the usefulness to distinguish content redundancy from modal redundancy. On the practical level, the empirical findings of the different effects of the two types of redundancy provide educators with important insights that can improve the design of multimedia learning materials
Cognition · Modal · Modalities · Redundancy (engineering) · Artificial Intelligence · Chemistry · Computer Science · Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences · Neuroscience · Psychology · Second Language Acquisition and Learning · Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
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| Unique citing works | 13 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,33 |
| Citation span | 2023 - 2026 (4) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 13 |