Assessing Accountability in a Post-Citizens United Era
The Effects of Attack Ad Sponsorship by Unknown Independent Groups
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6180210 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Deborah Jordan Brooks (0000-0002-0016-3796, Dartmouth College), Michael Murov (Dartmouth College) |
| Year | 2012 |
| Volume | 40 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 383-418 |
| Publication date | 2012-05-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Politics Research (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1532-673X • E-ISSN: 1552-3373 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/1532673x11414791 |
| OpenAlex | W1971064895 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 48 |
| References cited | 31 |
Greatly increased advertising spending by independent groups represents one of the most dramatic recent changes in U.S. elections. This article moves forward our theoretical and empirical understanding of how the public responds to ads sponsored by candidates as compared to ads sponsored by unknown Super PACs and similar independent groups. In the theoretical section of the article, we establish why it is necessary to measure both backlash and ad persuasiveness to understand overall ad effectiveness and then we develop a series of hypotheses about the likely influence of ad sponsorship. In the empirical section, we undertake the first analysis to date of how the public responds to attack television ads sponsored by unknown independent groups. Using a large-N, geographically representative sample of U.S. adults, we conduct an experiment to assess how sponsorship influences ad effectiveness. We find that attack ads sponsored by unknown independent groups are more effective, on net, than ads sponsored by candidates
Accountability · Advertising · Backlash · Business · Empirical evidence · Empirical research · Political science · Public relations · Electoral Systems and Political Participation · Engineering · Law · Media Influence and Politics · Social Media and Politics
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Interest Group Issue Appeals
Political Advertising
Corruption and the Voter's Decision
Securing Democracy
« C’est totalement ridicule »
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Going positive
Experimental Evidence on the Relationship Between Candidate Funding Sources and Voter Evaluations
Attributing digital election advertising to races and candidates
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A Model of Interest Group Influence and Campaign Advertising
Checking the Fact-Checkers in 2008
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Negative Advertising Effects on Presidential Support Ratings During the 2012 Election
Leave the Attacking to Others
The Contingent Effects of Sexism in Primary Elections
Television vs. YouTube
Invisible transparency
Negative campaigning and its consequences
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Attack and Response in Political Campaigns
Working Hand in Hand
The Divided Labor of Attack Advertising in Congressional Campaigns
Negative Political Communication on Social Media and the Gender Gap
Estimating the persuasive effects of advertising in presidential primary elections
Citizens United
Sponsorship, Disclosure, and Donors
From Ads to Action
Online political adverts
To Denounce, or Not To Denounce
Partisan Stability During Turbulent Times
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Positive Spillovers from Negative Campaigning
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Heuristic Projection
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Collateral Damage
The Influence of Unknown Media on Public Opinion
Impression Management, Super PACs and the 2012 Republican Primary
The Spot
Handbook of Social Psychology
In Defense of Negativity
The Persuasiveness of Source Credibility
Effects of negative political advertising
Voter Responses to Negative Political Ads
Social psychology
Issue-Advocacy versus Candidate Advertising
Advertising Trends in 2010
The Citizens United Election? Or Same As It Ever Was
Effects of Soft-Money Issue Advertisements on Candidate Evaluation and Voting Preference
On increasing the persuasiveness of a low prestige communicator
Temporal delay, type of forewarning, and resistance to influence
Reactions to Political Advertising
The Effects of Negative Political Campaigns
On the Limits of Framing Effects
The Influence of Source Credibility on Communication Effectiveness
Effects of Media, Communicator, and Message Position on Attitude Change
Character Attacks and Their Effects on Perceptions of Male and Female Political Candidates
Creating impressions
Striking a Responsive Chord
Beyond Negativity
New Perspectives and Evidence on Political Communication and Campaign Effects
An experimental comparison of conclusion-drawing by the communicator and by the audience
Role of forewarning in persuasive communications
The Effects of Party- and PAC-Sponsored Issue Advertising and the Potential of Inoculation to Combat its Impact on the Democratic Process
| Unique citing works | 48 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,69 |
| Citation span | 2013 - 2026 (14) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 46 |