Acquiring self-knowledge
The search for feedback that fits
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6204776 |
|---|---|
| Authors | William B Swann (0000-0002-8698-2994, The University of Texas at Austin, corresponding author), Stephen J Read (0000-0003-4562-7248) |
| Year | 1981 |
| Volume | 41 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 1119-1128 |
| Publication date | 1981-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037//0022-3514.41.6.1119 |
| OpenAlex | W4232307000 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 102 |
| References cited | 21 |
This report is concerned with the influence of people's self-conceptions on the feedback they solicit during their social interactions. In the first of three empirical investigations, participants were given an opportunity to seek feedback from interaction partners that would either confirm or disconfirm their self-concep-tions. In this investigation, participants displayed a clear preference for feedback that would confirm their self-perceived emotionality and self-perceived asser-tiveness. Participants in Investigation 2 spent more money for the purchase of self-confirmatory social feedback than self-disconfirmatory feedback. The third investigation asked what might motivate this tendency to preferentially solicit self-confirmatory feedback. It was found that participants regard self-confir-matory feedback as especially informative. This suggests that the feedback pref-erences found in Investigations 1 and 2 may reflect a cognitively based tendency for people to regard confirmatory instances of phenomena to be more diagnostic and compelling than disconfirmatory instances of phenomena. The discussion considers how people's efforts to solicit self-confirmatory feedback from others
Cognitive psychology · Behavioral and Psychological Studies · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Cognitive and psychological constructs research · Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods · Psychology · Social Psychology
Hormone therapy and trans sexuality
Conceptual and empirical challenges to the “authentic” versus “hubristic” model of pride
The Influence of Self-Esteem on Perceptions of Performance and Feedback
Reflected Appraisal and the Development of Self
The Genesis of Shame
The actor-observer asymmetry in attribution
Thin slices of expressive behavior as predictors of interpersonal consequences
Illusion and well-being
Identity negotiation
Curiosity and control
The regulatory function of self-esteem
Self-Concept Disconfirmation, Psychological Distress, and Marital Happiness
Self-verification processes
Gathering information about one's own abilities
Linking Creative Self-Efficacy and Emotional Exhaustion
Scientific jury selection.
Social Biases During Covid 19
Too much of a good thing
Self-Regulation for Managerial Effectiveness
Intergroup relations
Gender Differences in Seff-Perceptions
The Multiple Self-Aspects Framework
Behavioral Integrity
The identity function of autobiographical memory
“To Thine Own Self Be True”
Rethinking Rumination
The Self as Narrator
Development of a Self-Report Measure of Self-Relevant Feedback
Development of a Self-Report Measure of Self-Relevant Feedback
The mediating role of emotional experience in the happiness of digital face beautification based on self-discrepancy theory
When Beliefs Face Reality
Information Avoidance
Testing the Effect of Sending an Evaluative Message on Perceiving Others in Computer-Mediated Communication
Feedback choices and their relations to learning are age-invariant starting in middle school
Person-Message Fit
Reactions to Perceived Categorization by others during the Transition to College
Meta‐accuracy about potential relationship partners' models of others
The effects of strong belief structures on information‐processing evaluations and choice
Explaining Gender Differences in Depression
Self-Evaluation
Choosing an Identity
Allure of negative feedback
The development of psychological contract breach and violation
The Return of the Repressed
Out on a Limb
Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity
Quest for accuracy in person perception
Putting gender into context
Authenticity and positivity strivings in marriage and courtship
When our identities are mistaken
It was(n’t) me
Negative self-synchronization
Prototype matching
Self-evaluation of abilities
Outcome dependency and attention to inconsistent information
Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples
The new identity theft
Global self-evaluation as determined by the desirability and controllability of trait adjectives
Gender differences in the accuracy of self-evaluations of performance
Revising disrupted impressions through conversation
Perceived social support and working models of self and actual others
Relational Self-verification through Self-presentation
How European am I?”
Self-verification 360°
Mechanisms of a spotless self-image
Psychosocial roots of genocide
Depression and evaluative schemata
Multilingualism and European Identification
The Influence of Self-Concept on Change in Client Behaviors
Shared Reality in the Self-system
Adult attachment and romantic partner preference
The Longitudinal Relationships Between Cyber Delinquency, Aggression, and Offline Delinquency
Too Much of a Good Thing
Identity Verification, Control, and Aggression in Marriage
Hate Groups for Dummies
Self-esteem and perceived quality of romantic and family relationships in young adults
Preferences for and evaluation of self-relevant information depending on the elaboration of the self-schemata involved
Self-discrepancy and elaboration of self-conceptions as factors influencing reactions to feedback
Colorblind and multicultural diversity strategies create identity management pressure
Strategies of self‐regulation in goal attainment versus goal maintenance
Self‐confirmation strivings in depression
The vicissitudes of attitudes and similar representational constructs in twentieth century psychology
Autobiography, Reputation, and the Self
Integrating Social and Counseling Psychological Perspectives on the Self
The Psychoanalytic Study of Suicide, Part II
Abstract and concrete self-evaluative goals
Seeking self-evaulative feedback
Belief and feeling
Self-esteem influences the willingness to engage in Covid-19 prevention behavior and persuasion efficacy
Cognitive Approaches to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Helping construct desirable identities
Telling it like it isn't - exploring an instance of pragmatic ambivalence in supervisory discourse
How are We Doing? The Impact of Motives and Information Use on the Evaluation of Romantic Relationships
More Than the Sum of Its Parts
Adolescent-Parent College Aspiration Discrepancies and Changes in Depressive Symptoms
Culture-Dependent Assimilation and Differentiation of the Self
Adapting to Deprivation
I Am, Therefore I Buy
Self-esteem among ethnic minority youth in Western countries
The self-concept
The principles of psychology.
On Being Sane in Insane Places
On predicting some of the people some of the time
Features of similarity.
Short forms of the Texas Social Behavior Inventory (TSBI), an objective measure of self-esteem
Interaction Concepts of Personality
The Chinese Indoctrination Program for Prisoners of War
Self‐evaluation and reactions to evaluations from others
Traits, tests, and personality research
Self-verification processes
Behavioral confirmation in social interaction
Personality theory and the problem of stability change in individual behavior
Effectiveness of debriefing following deception experiments
Social inference as a function of the number of instances and consistency of information presented
Hypothesis-testing processes in social interaction
On translating beliefs into action
Self-schemata and processing information about the self
When our identities are mistaken
Symbolic interactionist view of self-concept
Toward an interactional psychology of personality
| Unique citing works | 99 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,27 |
| Citation span | 1981 - 2025 (45) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 87 |