Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Self-concordance, goal attainment, and the pursuit of happiness

Can there be an upward spiral

Bibliographic Data

ID6204901
AuthorsKennon M Sheldon (0000-0002-9219-832X, University of Missouri, corresponding author), Linda Houser-Marko, Linda Houser‐Marko
Year2001
Volume80
Issue1
Pages152-165
Publication date2001-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1037//0022-3514.80.1.152
PMID11195887
OpenAlexW4248303225
LanguageEN
Citations received146
References cited37

Two studies used the self-concordance model of healthy goal striving (K. M. Sheldon & A. J. Elliot, 1999) to examine the motivational processes by which people can increase their level of well-being during a period of time and then maintain the gain or perhaps increase it even further during the next period of time. In Study 1, entering freshmen with self-concordant motivation better attained their 1st-semester goals, which in turn predicted increased adjustment and greater self-concordance for the next semester's goals. Increased self-concordance in turn predicted even better goal attainment during the 2nd semester, which led to further increases in adjustment and to higher levels of ego development by the end of the year. Study 2 replicated the basic model in a 2-week study of short-term goals set in the laboratory. Limits of the model and implications for the question of how (and whether) happiness may be increased are discussed

Concordance · Developmental psychology · Goal Orientation · Goal pursuit · Happiness · Id, ego and super-ego · Set (abstract data type) · Spiral (railway · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports · Optimism, Hope, and Well-being · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Self-concept clarity and self-esteem

    Open Access•Jenn Lodi-Smith, Kenneth G Demarree et al.•Self and Identity•2026

  • Values are not just goals

    Jared A Chase, Ramona A Houmanfar et al.•Journal of Contextual Behavioral…•2013

  • Pursuing happiness in everyday life

    Acacia C Parks, Matthew D Della Porta et al.•Emotion•2012

  • Commitment to a purpose in life

    Todd B Kashdan, Patrick E Mcknight•Emotion•2013

  • Effort in emotion work and well-being

    Elena Wong, Franziska Tschan et al.•Emotion•2016

  • Self-actualizing

    Johannes J Bauer, Joseph R Schwab et al.•The Humanistic Psychologist•2011

  • Negotiating self- and peer-feedback with the use of reflective journals

    Hui-Teng Hoo, Kelvin Tan et al.•Assessment & Evaluation in Higher…•2020

  • Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Rigid and Flexible Persistence Scale in a Brazilian professional sample

    Open Access•Eduarda Miranda Peixoto, Marcus Vinicius Silva et al.•Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica•2023

  • Self‐connection and well‐being

    Open Access•Kristine Klussman, Austin Lee Nichols et al.•European Journal of Social…•2022

  • Positive interventions

    Jordi Quoidbach, Moïra Mikolajczak et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2015

  • Eudaimonic growth

    Johannes J Bauer, Jack J Bauer et al.•Developmental Psychology•2010

  • Why are some people happier than others? The role of cognitive and motivational processes in well-being

    Sonja Lyubomirsky•American Psychologist•2001

  • Persistence in Language Learning

    Open Access•Alastair Henry•Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics•2023

  • Eudaimonic Identity Theory

    Alan S Waterman•Handbook of Identity Theory and…•2011

  • Personality Strengths

    Open Access•Laura A King, Jason Trent•Handbook of Psychology, Second…•2012

  • Positive Psychology in Clinical Practice

    Angela L Duckworth, Tracy A Steen et al.•Annual Review of Clinical…•2005

  • Grit and Different Aspects of Well-Being

    Open Access•Mia M Vainio, Daiva Daukantaitė•Journal of Happiness Studies•2016

  • A self-determination theory approach to psychotherapy

    Richard M Ryan, Edward L Deci•Canadian Psychology/Psychologie…•2008

  • New Developments in Social Interdependence Theory

    David W Johnson, Roger T Johnson•Genetic Social and General…•2005

  • Does intrinsic motivation fuel the prosocial fire? Motivational synergy in predicting persistence, performance, and productivity.

    Adam M Grant•Journal of Applied Psychology•2008

  • The Independent Effects of Goal Contents and Motives on Well-Being

    Open Access•Kennon M Sheldon, Richard M Ryan et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2004

  • How to increase and sustain positive emotion

    Kennon M Sheldon, Sonja Lyubomirsky•The Journal of Positive Psychology•2006

  • Positive Psychology at School

    Open Access•Anat Shoshani, Sarit Steinmetz•Journal of Happiness Studies•2014

  • Relational Job Design and the Motivation to Make a Prosocial Difference

    Adam M Grant•Academy of Management Review•2007

  • Promoting internalized motivation for environmentally responsible behavior

    Open Access•Richard Osbaldiston, Kennon M Sheldon•Journal of Environmental Psychology•2003

  • A Reflection and Evaluation Model of Comparative Thinking

    Open Access•Keith D Markman, Matthew N McMullen•Personality and Social Psychology…•2003

  • Meaning in Life as Comprehension, Purpose, and Mattering

    Open Access•Login S George, Crystal L Park•Review of General Psychology•2016

  • Psychological needs, motivation, and well-being

    Open Access•Marina Milyavskaya, Richard Koestner•Personality and Individual…•2011

  • Becoming Oneself

    Open Access•Kennon M Sheldon•Personality and Social Psychology…•2014

  • Positive Reappraisal Mediates the Stress-Reductive Effects of Mindfulness

    Open Access•Eric L Garland, Susan A Gaylord et al.•Mindfulness•2011

  • Linking Goal Progress and Subjective Well-Being

    Open Access•Hannah J P Klug, Günter W Maier•Journal of Happiness Studies•2015

  • Strengths use, self-concordance and well-being

    Reena Govindji, P Alex Linley•International Coaching Psychology…•2007

  • The Making of Violent Extremists

    Open Access•Arie W Kruglanski, Arie Kruglanski et al.•Review of General Psychology•2018

  • Feeling Like You Know Who You Are

    Open Access•Rebecca J Schlegel, Joshua A Hicks et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2011

  • The Incremental Validity of Narrative Identity in Predicting Well-Being

    Open Access•Jonathan M Adler, Jennifer Lodi-Smith et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2016

  • Lunch Breaks Unpacked

    John P Trougakos, Ivona Hideg et al.•Academy of Management Journal•2014

  • Core Self-Evaluations and Job and Life Satisfaction

    Timothy A Judge, Joyce E Bono et al.•Journal of Applied Psychology•2005

  • Procrastination and the Priority of Short‐Term Mood Regulation

    Open Access•Fuschia M Sirois, Fuschia Sirois et al.•Social and Personality Psychology…•2013

  • Self-Concealment

    Dale G Larson, Robert L Chastain et al.•Journal of Social and Clinical…•2015

  • L2 Motivation and Multilingual Identities

    Open Access•Alastair Henry•Modern Language Journal•2017

  • Pursuing Happiness

    Open Access•Sonja Lyubomirsky, Kennon M Sheldon et al.•Review of General Psychology•2005

  • Self-Concordance Theory and the Goal-Striving Reasons Framework and Their Distinct Relationships With Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being

    Open Access•Christian Ehrlich, Karen Cripps et al.•Psychological Reports•2024

  • Individual Self, Relational Self, Collective Self

    Open Access•Constantine Sedikides, Lowell Gaertner et al.•Psychological Studies•2011

  • Determinants of Physical Activity in Older Adults

    Open Access•Paula Stehr, Constanze Rossmann et al.•International Journal of…•2021

  • Goals Across Time Frames and Temporal Landmarks

    Open Access•Marina Milyavskaya, Tyler Thorne et al.•Psychological Reports•2025

  • Study protocol for an adapted personal project analysis to measure vertical inter-goal relations on physical activity and diet

    Open Access•Sara Kassas, Catherine Culot et al.•BMC Psychology•2022

  • When Do Good Deeds Lead to Good Feelings? Eudaimonic Orientation Moderates the Happiness Benefits of Prosocial Behavior

    Open Access•Wei-peng Lai, Weipeng Lai et al.•International Journal of…•2020

  • The Journey of Personal Growth

    Open Access•Anindita Bhattacharya, Seema Mehrotra•Psychological Studies•2013

  • Modelling the direct and indirect effects of thought suppression on personal choice

    Open Access•Nic Hooper, Ian Stewart et al.•Journal of Contextual Behavioral…•2012

  • “We Have a Voice. We Exist.”

    Open Access•Amanda Ferrell, Maruša Levstek et al.•The Journal of Creative Behavior•2023

  • Collaborative Processes in the Development of the International Competences for Undergraduate Psychology ( Icup ) Model

    Open Access•Jacquelyn Cranney, Susan A Nolan et al.•International Journal of Psychology•2025

  • Search for meaning alleviated individual depressive symptoms during Covid ‐19 pandemic

    Open Access•Muzi Yuan, Tong Zhou et al.•International Journal of Psychology•2025

  • Don’t be Lazy! Effort as a Pivotal Element for Present and Future Well-being

    Open Access•Arie Sherman, Tal Shavit•Journal of Happiness Studies•2023

  • People with Positive Time Perspective are More Grateful and Happier

    Open Access•Aneta Przepiórka, Małgorzata Sobol et al.•Journal of Happiness Studies•2021

  • Do I need coaching to achieve a learning goal? Coaching, goal orientation, and goal framing

    Open Access•Andreea G Nicolau, Octav Sorin Candel et al.•Current Psychology•2025

  • Make it a habit

    Open Access•Marleen Gillebaart, Jan Fekke Ybema et al.•Psychology & Health•2022

  • Virtue and authenticity in civic life

    Joseph Maffly-Kipp, Matthew Ve et al.•Journal of Moral Education•2023

  • Construal Level and Perceived Self-Control Capacity in Goal Pursuit

    Wenting Zhang, Jingyi Fu•Basic and Applied Social Psychology•2025

  • Exercising the “Right to Repair”

    Open Access•Davit Marikyan, Savvas Papagiannidi•Journal of Business Ethics•2024

  • Servant Leadership Influencing Store-Level Profit

    Open Access•Vincent J Giolito, Robert C Liden et al.•Journal of Business Ethics•2021

  • The Effect of Professional Ability on the Craftsman Spirit Among Secondary Vocational School Students

    Open Access•Tengfei Guo, Kexin Lu et al.•European Journal of Education•2025

  • Flexible Work in the Public Sector

    Open Access•Barbara Barbieri, Diego Bellini et al.•Public Personnel Management•2025

  • Thriving? Or Surviving? An Approach–Avoidance Perspective on Adult Language Learners’ Motivation

    Open Access•Alastair Henry, Sofia Davydenko•Modern Language Journal•2020

  • Seeking an “i-deal” balance

    Open Access•Ciara Kelly, Yasin Rofcanın et al.•Journal of Vocational Behavior•2020

  • How promotion-oriented job crafting affects job performance

    Open Access•Qiqi Wang, Yiwei Yuan et al.•Journal of Vocational Behavior•2025

  • Why do millennials stay in their jobs? The roles of protean career orientation, goal progress and organizational career management

    Open Access•Claudia Holtschlag, Aline D Masuda et al.•Journal of Vocational Behavior•2020

  • Ya gotta wanna

    Open Access•Keemia Vaghef, Patrick D Converse et al.•Journal of Theoretical Social…•2021

  • Change You Can Believe In

    Open Access•Patrick L Hill, J J Jackson et al.•Social Psychological and…•2011

  • What’s So Great About Self-Control? Examining the Importance of Effortful Self-Control and Temptation in Predicting Real-Life Depletion and Goal Attainment

    Open Access•Marina Milyavskaya, Michael Inzlicht•Social Psychological and…•2017

  • We May Not Know What We Want, But Do We Know What We Need? Examining the Ability to Forecast Need Satisfaction in Goal Pursuit

    Open Access•Kaitlyn M Werner, Marina Milyavskaya•Social Psychological and…•2018

  • Existential Ennui

    Open Access•Jinhyung Kim, Andrew G Christy et al.•Social Psychological and…•2018

  • Integrity, Efficacy and Community in the Stories of Political Activists

    Niki Harré, Sonja Tepavac et al.•Qualitative Research in Psychology•2009

  • Promoting pro-environmental behaviour in a community in Singapore – from raising awareness to behavioural change

    Andy Wi, Chew‐Hung Chang•Environmental Education Research•2018

  • Exploring language learners’ self-generated goals

    Open Access•Alastair Henry, Cecilia Thorsen et al.•System•2022

  • La santé mentale par la gestion des projets personnels

    Open Access•Micheline Dubé, Léandre Bouffard et al.•Santé mentale au Québec•2006

  • On the road

    Mark J Landau, Jesse Barrera et al.•Metaphor and Symbol•2017

  • Strengths intervention imparted through a blended learning approach to advance personal growth initiative among Pakistan’s university students during Covid-19

    Open Access•Zane Asher Green•Studies In Educational Evaluation•2024

  • Possibilities for a Christian Positive Psychology

    Open Access•Charles H Hackney•Journal of Psychology and Theology•2007

  • Wanting, having, and needing

    Kennon M Sheldon, Jeanne Schuler et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2011

  • Self-control and the reasons behind our goals

    Benjamin A Converse, Lindsay Juarez et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2019

  • Saying “no” to temptation

    Marina Milyavskaya, Michael Inzlicht et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2015

  • The dynamic interplay between perceived true self-knowledge and decision satisfaction

    Rebecca J Schlegel, Joshua A Hicks et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2013

  • Mediating Role of Self-Concordance on the Relationship Between Internet Altruistic Behaviour and Subjective Wellbeing

    Open Access•Xianliang Zheng, Fangwei Xie et al.•Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology•2018

  • A Dark Side of Happiness? How, When, and Why Happiness Is Not Always Good

    Open Access•June Gruber, Iris B Mau et al.•Perspectives on Psychological…•2011

  • Goal Fusion

    Edward Burkley, Jessica Curtis et al.•Self and Identity•2015

  • Essentialist beliefs about the self predict psychological well-being

    Andrew G Christy, Joseph Maffly-Kipp et al.•Self and Identity•2024

  • The psychology of volunteer moderators

    Open Access•Beril Bulat, Hannah Wang et al.•New Media & Society•2024

  • Crafting for autonomy, competence, and relatedness

    Open Access•Anja H Olafsen, Baptiste P C Marescaux et al.•Applied Psychology•2024

  • A longitudinal investigation of trait‐goal concordance on goal progress

    Open Access•Amanda Moore, Anne C Holding et al.•Journal of Personality•2020

  • Why are we together? A dyadic longitudinal investigation of relationship motivation, goal progress, and adjustment

    Open Access•Anne C Holding, Meaghan Barlow et al.•Journal of Personality•2020

  • Emotion regulation during personal goal pursuit

    Open Access•Moti Benita, Talia Shechter et al.•Journal of Personality•2021

  • Autonomous Motivation, Controlled Motivation, and Goal Progress

    Open Access•Richard Koestner, Nancy Otis et al.•Journal of Personality•2008

  • Becoming who you are

    Open Access•Sander L Koole, Caroline Schlinkert et al.•Journal of Personality•2019

  • Autonomous motivation and support flourishes for individuals higher in collaborative personality factors

    Open Access•Shelby L Levine, Marina Milyavskaya et al.•Journal of Personality•2021

  • Goal Internalization and Persistence as a Function of Autonomous and Directive Forms of Goal Support

    Open Access•Richard Koestner, Theodore A Powers et al.•Journal of Personality•2015

  • In Search of the Organismic Valuing Process

    Open Access•Kennon M Sheldon, Jamie Arndt et al.•Journal of Personality•2003

  • Meaning making, self‐determination theory, and the question of wisdom in personality

    Open Access•Johannes J Bauer, Laura A King et al.•Journal of Personality•2019

  • Stuck in Limbo

    Open Access•Anne C Holding, Nora Hope et al.•Journal of Personality•2017

  • What growth sounds like

    Open Access•Johannes J Bauer, Jack J Bauer et al.•Journal of Personality•2019

  • When the Going Gets Tough

    Open Access•Nikos Ntoumanis, Laura C Healy et al.•Journal of Personality•2014

  • Childhood and society

    Erik H Erikson•Childhood and society•1963

  • Ego Identity

    Open Access•James E Marcia, Alan S Waterman et al.•Ego Identity•1993

  • Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

    Jacob Cohen, Patricia Cohen et al.•Applied Multiple Regression/Correla…•2014

  • Posttraumatic Growth

    Richard G Tedeschi, Crystal L Park et al.•Posttraumatic Growth•1998

  • Emotional, Social, and Academic Adjustment of College Students

    Open Access•Hilary Gerdes, Brent Mallinckrodt•Journal of Counseling & Development•1994

  • Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators

    Grayson N Holmbeck•Journal of Consulting and…•1997

  • Not all Personal Goals are Personal

    Open Access•Kennon M Sheldon, Andrew J Elliot•Personality and Social Psychology…•1998

  • "How Big Is Big Enough?"

    J S Tanaka•Child Development•1987

  • Measuring adjustment to college.

    Robert W Baker, Bohdan Siryk•Journal of Counseling Psychology•1984

  • Avoidance Personal Goals and Subjective Well-Being

    Open Access•Andrew J Elliot, Kennon M Sheldon et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•1997

  • Happiness Is a Stochastic Phenomenon

    Open Access•David T Lykken, David Lykken et al.•Psychological Science•1996

  • Pursuing Personal Goals

    Open Access•Kennon M Sheldon, Tim Kasser•Personality and Social Psychology…•1998

  • Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior

    Open Access•Edward L Deci, Richard M Ryan•Intrinsic Motivation and…•1985

  • Identity, the Identity Statuses, and Identity Status Development

    Open Access•Alan S Waterman•Developmental Review•1999

  • The Effects of Freshman Orientation and Locus of Control on Adjustment to College

    Open Access•Nancy K Martin, Paul N Dixon•Social Behavior and Personality…•1994

  • College Maladjustment May Be Related to Alexithymia Constructs with Weakness of Ego Strength

    Open Access•Isao Fukunishi•Psychological Reports•1996

  • Avoidance personal goals and the personality-illness relationship

    Andrew J Elliot, Kennon M Sheldon•Journal of Personality and Social…•1998

  • Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment

    Charles S Carver, Teri L White•Journal of Personality and Social…•1994

  • Self-determination

    Barry Schwartz•American Psychologist•2000

  • Comparative fit indexes in structural models

    Peter M Bentler•Psychological Bulletin•1990

  • Personal goals and emotional well-being

    Joachim C Brunstein, Oliver C Schulthei et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1998

  • Avoidance personal goals and the personality–illness relationship

    Andrew J Elliot, Kennon M Sheldon•Journal of Personality and Social…•1998

  • Personality, life events, and subjective well-being

    Bruce Headey, Alexander Wearing et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1989

  • Personal goals and subjective well-being

    Joachim C Brunstein•Journal of Personality and Social…•1993

  • Resources, personal strivings, and subjective well-being

    Ed Diener, Frank Fujita•Journal of Personality and Social…•1995

  • Integrating top-down and bottom-up structural models of subjective well-being

    Gregory J Feist, Todd E Bodner et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1995

  • Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being

    Kennon M Sheldon, Andrew J Elliot•Journal of Personality and Social…•1999

  • Effects of failure on subsequent performance

    Joachim C Brunstein, Peter M Gollwitzer•Journal of Personality and Social…•1996

  • Perceived locus of causality and internalization

    Richard M Ryan, James P Connell•Journal of Personality and Social…•1989

  • Coherence and congruence

    Kennon M Sheldon, Tim Kasser•Journal of Personality and Social…•1995

  • Subjective well-being

    Ed Diener, Eunkook M Suh et al.•Psychological Bulletin•1999

Unique citing works139
Citations per year5,84
Citation span2001 - 2026 (26)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 135

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae