The leniency contract and persistence of majority and minority influence
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6204919 |
|---|---|
| Authors | William D Crano (0000-0003-3392-6937, corresponding author), Xin Chen (0000-0001-7221-0056) |
| Year | 1998 |
| Volume | 74 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 1437-1450 |
| Publication date | 1998-06-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037//0022-3514.74.6.1437 |
| OpenAlex | W4239156548 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 45 |
| References cited | 48 |
Majorities induce public, temporary change, whereas minority influence is indirect and persistent. The contract holds that minority messages are elaborated without derogation or counterargument; in recompense, direct change is repudiated. This response pattern unbalances the constellation of beliefs containing the critical attitude. It is stabilized by modifying related beliefs. These propositions were tested by uncovering links among a set of attitudes and developing persuasive messages on 1 of them. The messages were attributed to majority or in-group minority sources. Strong messages fostered persistent focal attitude change. When attributed to a minority, strong messages induced indirect attitude change, which was associated with delayed focal change. For the majority source, positivity of cognitive responses was related to focal change; for the minority, it was related to indirect change. Moscovici's (1980, 1985a, 1985b) conflict theory and the research inspired by his perspective have helped revitalize the study of social influence. Partly as a result of his views, re-searchers again are intensively examining the conditions under which minorities—and majorities—wield influence. A particu
Persistence (discontinuity · Cultural Differences and Values · Game Theory and Voting Systems · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Power and Status Dynamics · Social Psychology · Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
Public Interest Communications
The effects of majority versus minority source status on persuasion
Seeking conversion versus advocating tolerance in the pursuit of social change
Social Influence
Social Conflict
Influence and Leadership
Attitude Formation and Change
Attitudes and Persuasion
Attitude Change
Minority dissent and team innovation
Levels of consensus and majority and minority influence
From inclusion to innovation
Having to Take a Stand
Dimensions of Majority and Minority Groups
A regulatory fit perspective in majority versus minority support to attitudes toward homosexuals
Indirect Minority Influence
Majority Versus Minority Influence, Message Processing and Attitude Change
Circumventing resistance
Coalition Cabinet Decision Making
How Experience and Network Ties Affect the Influence of Demographic Minorities on Corporate Boards
Attitudes toward marriage
Group conversion versus group expansion as modes of change in majority and minority positions
Social change in the aftermath of successful minority influence
Attitudes in social context
Source factors in persuasion
Majorities’ emotions acculturate too
Indirect influence and divergent thinking as a function of member status and task structure in small groups
Majority versus minority influence
No guts, no glory
Minority influence
Majority versus minority influence
Perceptions of source efficacy and persuasion
When is a minority a minority? Active versus passive minority advocacy and social influence
When Leaders are in the Numerical Majority or Minority
Looking for Leadership in All the Wrong Places
How Minorities Prevail
Resistance to persuasive messages as a function of majority and minority source status
Majority versus minority influence and prediction of behavioral intentions and behavior
Letters for Black Lives
What doesn't kill me makes me stronger
Constructing social identity
Exploring the Relationship Between Public Opinion and Personal Attitudes and Behavior Toward Lesbians and Gay Men
Social identity and intergroup relations
Social comparison processes
Readings in Social Psychology
The social psychology of minority influence
Social identity theory
Perceived Variability of Personal Characteristics in In-Groups and Out-Groups
Toward A Theory of Conversion Behavior
The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion
Cognitive Responses in Persuasion
Differential contributions of majority and minority influence
Systematic and nonsystematic processing of majority and minority persuasive communications
Dynamic operations of thought systems
The Context/Comparison Model of Social Influence
The Interplay of Heuristic and Systematic Processing of Social Information
The ‘Black Sheep Effect’
Majority and Minority Influence
Social Identification, Self-Categorization and Social Influence
Minority influence
Principles and Methods of Social Research
Social categorization in minority influence
The effects of majority size on minority influence
The “Black Sheep Effect”
Minority influence and social categorization
Majority and minority influence in inductive reasoning
Paradoxical effects of categorization in minority influence
The effects of differential ascribed category membership and norms on minority influence
The black sheep effect
Effects of Sex, Response Order, and Expertise in Conformity
Group Relations at the Crossroads
Indirect minority influence
Minority influence
Message discrepancy and the persistence of attitude change
Context/Categorization Model of Social Influence
The perception of variability within in-groups and out-groups
Some dynamic properties of attitude structures
Reconciling conflicting results derived from experimental and survey studies of attitude change
Numerical support, information processing and attitude change
Psychological balance in situations of negative interpersonal attitudes
Norms and attitude change II
Minority Influence, Divergent Thinking and Detection of Correct Solutions
A Theory of Social Comparison Processes
Norms and attitude change I
Self-definition, defensive processing, and influence
Examination of Newcomb's extension of structural balance theory
Majority and minority influence
Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion
Effects of involvement on persuasion
Social Influence Model
| Unique citing works | 42 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,61 |
| Citation span | 1998 - 2025 (28) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 42 |