Memory for in-group and out-group information in a minimal group context
The self as an informational base
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6206595 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Richard H Gramzow (University of Southampton, corresponding author), Lowell Gaertner (0000-0001-5696-6662, University of Southampton), Constantine Sedikides (0000-0002-7563-306X, University of Southampton) |
| Year | 2001 |
| Volume | 80 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 188-205 |
| Publication date | 2001-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037//0022-3514.80.2.188 |
| PMID | 11220440 |
| OpenAlex | W4242340820 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 39 |
| References cited | 74 |
The authors argue that persons derive in-group expectancies from self-knowledge. This implies that perceivers process information about novel in-groups on the basis of the self-congruency of this information and not simply its valence. In Experiment 1, participants recalled more negative self-discrepant behaviors about an in-group than about an out-group. Experiment 2 replicated this effect under low cognitive load but not under high load. Experiment 3 replicated the effect using an idiographic procedure. These findings suggest that perceivers engage in elaborative inconsistency processing when they encounter negative self-discrepant information about an in-group but not when they encounter negative self-congruent information. Participants were also more likely to attribute self-congruent information to the in-group than to the out-group, regardless of information valence. Implications for models of social memory and self-categorization theory are discussed
Base (topology · Categorization · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Context (archaeology · Group (periodic table · Group structure · Information processing · Nomothetic and idiographic · Self · Social cognition · Social comparison theory · Valence (chemistry) · Cognitive Science and Education Research · Cultural Differences and Values · Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion · Memory Processes and Influences · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology · Team Dynamics and Performance
A personal touch to diversity
Linking self and ingroup
Visualizing minimal ingroup and outgroup faces
Intergroup Relations
Intergroup Bias
Target Article
Mere Membership
A Rational Framework for Group-Based Selective Social Learning
Be the Change You Want to See
Mnemic Neglect for Behaviors Enacted by Members of One’s Nationality Group
They Cooperate With Us, So They Are Like Me
Measuring the Measures
Individual variability in adherence to the norm of group interest predicts outgroup bias
Remembering Friends as Not So Friendly in Competitive and Bargaining Social Interactions
Resource scarcity aggravates ingroup bias
Entrapped in one’s blind spot
Self-protective biases in group categorization
Collective nostalgia
Social perception as induction and inference
I'm like you and you're like me
From social projection to social behaviour
A behavioral Laffer curve
Intergroup contact and the projection of positivity
Peer group cultures and social identity
Cognitive differentiation between self, ingroup, and outgroup
Implicit attitudes matter for social judgments of others' preference, but do not make those judgments more or less accurate
Efficiency and defense motivated ingroup projection
Assimilation and contrast to group primes
Imagining intergroup contact promotes projection to outgroups
Familiarity breeds overconfidence
Social Categorization Moderates Social Projection
What did they say? How subgroup stereotypes influence memory for superordinate groups
Cultural Variation in the Minimal Group Effect
Us without them
Self-Esteem and Favoritism Toward Novel In-Groups
The "I," the "we," and the "when
A bias for social information in human cultural transmission
Advances In Experimental Social Psychology
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Memory for schema‐relevant information
The Psychology of Intergroup Attitudes and Behavior
Intergroup Relations
Perceiving persons and groups.
Meta-analysis of experiments with matched groups or repeated measures designs.
The relationship between memory and judgment depends on whether the judgment task is memory-based or on-line.
Person memory and judgment.
Overlapping Mental Representations of Self, In-Group, and Partner
Implicit social cognition
Rediscovering the Social Group
Processing attitude statements from in-group and out-group members
The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior
Self-Evaluation
Rediscovering the Social Group
Handbook of Social Cognition
Intergroup Cognition and Intergroup Behavior
The Perception of Ingroup and Outgroup Homogeneity
Positive–Negative Asymmetry in Social Discrimination
The ‘Black Sheep Effect’
Memory for expectancy-congruent and expectancy-incongruent information
Further Analysis of Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale
Processing attitude statements from in-group and out-group members
Social categorization and intergroup behaviour
Differential processing of ingroup and outgroup information
Processing load and memory for stereotype‐based information
Self-aspects as social categories
Self-evaluation effects of interpersonal versus intergroup social comparison
Social categorization and memory for in-group and out-group behavior
Thinking backward
On the Formation of Interitem Associative Links in Person Memory
The “false consensus effect”
Self-Consistency, Self-Enhancement, and Accuracy in Reactions to Feedback
Effects of multiple task demands upon memory for information about social groups
Measures and models of perceived group variability
The undesired self
Context-dependent automatic processing in depression
Processing time and the recall of inconsistent and consistent behaviors of individuals and groups
Self-anchoring and differentiation processes in the minimal group setting
Assessment, enhancement, and verification determinants of the self-evaluation process
Self-esteem and direct versus indirect forms of self-enhancement
A multidimensional approach to the structure of personality impressions
Illusory correlation and social categorization
Differential processing of in-group and out-group information
The nature of self-referent encoding
Arousal of ingroup-outgroup bias by a chance win or loss
Development and representation of personality impressions
Evidence for egocentric comparison in social judgment
Resolving the apparent discrepancy between the incongruency effect and the expectancy-based illusory correlation effect
The fleeting gleam of praise
Development and mental representation of stereotypes
Causes and effects of causal attribution
In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation
Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups
Asymmetrical effects of positive and negative events
| Unique citing works | 37 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,63 |
| Citation span | 2002 - 2025 (24) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 36 |