Out of mind but back in sight
Stereotypes on the rebound
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6206602 |
|---|---|
| Authors | C Neil Macrae (0000-0002-8659-6778, Cardiff University), Galen V Bodenhausen (0000-0002-6327-1612, Michigan State University), Alan B Milne (Cardiff University), Jolanda Jetten (0000-0002-7588-5355, Radboud University Nijmegen) |
| Year | 1994 |
| Volume | 67 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 808-817 |
| Publication date | 1994-11-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0022-3514.67.5.808 |
| OpenAlex | W1990263300 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 249 |
| References cited | 29 |
For a variety of reasons, social perceivers may often attempt to actively inhibit stereotypic thoughts before their effects impinge on judgment and behavior. However, research on the psychology of mental control raises doubts about the efficacy of this strategy. Indeed, this work suggests that when people attempt to suppress unwanted thoughts, these thoughts are likely to subsequently reappear with even greater insistence than if they had never been suppressed (i.e., a ''rebound'' effect). The present research comprised an investigation of the extent to which this kind of rebound effect extends to unwanted stereotypic thoughs about others. The results provided strong support for the existence of this effect. Relative to control subjects (i.e., stereotype users), stereotype suppressors responded more pejoratively to a stereotyped target on a range of dependent measures. We discuss our findings in the wider context of models of mind, thought suppression, and social stereotyping
Cognitive psychology · Sight · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Psychology · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Keep your distance
Lessons from social psychology on discrediting psychiatric stigma
The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on self-stigma reduction among people with mental illness
The effects of brief, passive psychoeducation on suicide literacy, stigma, and attitudes toward help-seeking among Latino immigrants living in the United States
The mnemonic mover
Affiliative social tuning reduces the activation of prejudice
The psychological science of racial bias and policing
Ethnic hierarchies, ethnic prejudice, and social dominance orientation
Believing is Seeing
Dizer «não» aos estereótipos sociais
Context-Dependent Effects of Goal Primes
Choosing Your Future
Grounding cultural syndromes
Beyond behaviorism
From perceptual rags to metaphoric riches-Bodily, social, and cultural constraints on sociocognitive metaphors
When distrust frees your mind
Sublimation, culture, and creativity
The shifting preference for contingent rewards in goal pursuit
Private vs Public Expressions of Racial Prejudice
Retooling Career Systems to Fight Workplace Bias
Construal-level theory of psychological distance.
Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination
Dual-Processing Accounts of Reasoning, Judgment, and Social Cognition
Intergroup Relations
Automaticity and the Unconscious
Diversity in Organizations
Prejudice and Stereotyping in Everyday Communication
Stereotypes in Social Psychology
Salience of Category
Attitudes to Language
Self-regulation of health behavior
Polluting Black space.
Challenging Two Mental Illness Stigmas
Motivated Reasoning With Stereotypes
Hostile and benevolent reactions toward pregnant women
Intergroup relations and health disparities
Self-Knowledge
Intergroup relations
The Stigma of Families with Mental Illness
The Psychological Consequences of Money
Traversing psychological distance
Mental illness stigma
The psychology of intergroup conflict
Suppression as a Stereotype Control Strategy
The Effects of Perspective-Taking on Prejudice
The promise and perversity of perspective-taking in organizations
Implementation Intentions and Goal Achievement
Promoting the “Social” in the Examination of Social Stigmas
Measuring the impact of programs that challenge the public stigma of mental illness
Understanding the Role of the Self in Prime-to-Behavior Effects
Stigma
Challenging the Public Stigma of Mental Illness
Implicit Social Cognition
A Theory of Unconscious Thought
Mosaic
Paradoxical effects of thought suppression
Thought Suppression
Linguistic Intergroup Bias
Shame, blame, and contamination
Eine sozialpsychologische Analyse zur Reduzierung sozialer Diskriminierung von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund
Working together in the context of protracted asymmetric conflict
When to shut students up
Buscando la inclusión de las minorías en un contexto multicultural. Una revisión teórica del prejuicio y de las estrategias para reducirlo
Hearing Decline Predicted by Elders' Stereotypes
Ironic evaluation processes
The emergence of social cognitive neuroscience
Tackling stigma associated with intellectual disability among the general public
Temporality and collectivity
How stigma interferes with mental health care
On Public Stigma of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
The Impact of Mental Illness Stigma on Psychiatric Emergencies
Social Cognition
Origins of Ruminative Thought
Enhancing attitudes and self-efficacy toward inclusive teaching in physical education pre-service teachers
By Any Means Necessary? Overcoming the Tradeoffs Inherent in Motivating Racially Progressive Policies
Transforming Imaginations of Africa in Geography Classrooms Through Teacher Reflexivity
Probing the Unorthodox
Toward a General Framework of Biased Reasoning
Ironic Effects of Thought Suppression
Effects of Framing Counter-Stereotypes as Surprising on Rethinking Prior Opinions About Outgroups
The effectiveness and adaptiveness of suppressing unwanted thoughts
Lateral attitude change
Effects of a white privilege framing and a test of moderators
Reconsidering Categorization-Related Inferences from Multicultural and Colorblind Prejudice Reduction Interventions
The onset of Covid-19, common identity, and intergroup prejudice
Unobservable stereotypes are more malleable than observable stereotypes in implicit person perception
With or Without You
Stepping Back While Staying Engaged
When Not Thinking Leads to Being and Doing
The Role of Executive Functions in Stereotyping in the Face of Stereotype-Inconsistent Exemplars
The Toxic Mix of Multiculturalism and Medicine
Risky Situations
Disciplinary sanctioning of students with intellectual disabilities
Stereotype activation versus application
The structure and correlates of vegan stereotypes
The Impact of Loyalty and Equality on Implicit Ingroup Favoritism
Evidence of Prejudice-Related Conflict and Associated Affect Beyond the College Setting
Gender threats and men’s antigay behaviors
Perspective-Taking and Self-Other Overlap
Colorblind and Multicultural Prejudice Reduction Strategies in High-Conflict Situations
Plans and the structure of behavior.
Controlled and automatic human information processing
Nature of priming effects on categorization.
Social Cognition and Social Perception
Automatic and effortful processes in memory.
Toward an instance theory of automatization.
Ironic processes of mental control.
Prejudice, discrimination, and racism
A Continuum of Impression Formation, from Category-Based to Individuating Processes
Personality, Cognition and Social Interaction
Handbook of Social Cognition
Plans and the Structure of Behavior
Automatic information processing and social perception
Paradoxical effects of thought suppression
Accessibility of interrelational constructs
Category accessibility and impression formation
Self-regulation of prejudiced responses
Brainstorms
Self-directed versus other-directed affect as a consequence of prejudice-related discrepancies
The role of thought suppression in the bonding of thought and mood
Prejudice with and without compunction
The hyperaccessibility of suppressed thoughts
Category accessibility and social perception
Inferring a trait from a behavior has long-term, highly specific effects
The additive nature of chronic and temporary sources of construct accessibility
Automaticity of chronically accessible constructs in person × situation effects on person perception
The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons
The suppression of exciting thoughts
Stereotypes and prejudice
| Unique citing works | 249 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 8,03 |
| Citation span | 1995 - 2026 (32) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 229 |