Another Look at “Parties, Voters, and the Use of Force Abroad
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6283476 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Benjamin O Fordham (0000-0002-2558-3631, Department of Political Science University at Albany, SUNY, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2002 |
| Volume | 46 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 572-596 |
| Publication date | 2002-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Conflict Resolution (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-0027 • E-ISSN: 1552-8766 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0022002702046004005 |
| OpenAlex | W2125698819 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 47 |
| References cited | 49 |
Joanne Gowa's 1998 article “Politics at the Water's Edge: Parties, Voters, and the Use of Force Abroad” is examined in light of issues raised by her empirical analysis. Newly available time-series models for event-count data permit consideration of the dynamics of the use-of-force series. It is possible that the relationship between decisions to use force and the major independent variables has changed since 1870. More appropriate data on U.S. uses of force and a wider range of indicators for the major independent variables permit a more convincing test of the hypotheses she presents. The reanalysis supports some of her conclusions, particularly those concerning election cycles and partisanship. However, it also indicates that her analysis underestimated the importance of domestic economic conditions and suggests some important qualifications to her conclusion that international conditions are the main determinant of U.S. decisions to use force
Econometrics · Economics · Event (particle physics · Political science · Politics · Statistics · Test (biology · Use of force · Variable (mathematics · Variables · American Constitutional Law and Politics · Electoral Systems and Political Participation · Law · Mathematics · Political Conflict and Governance
Democracy, Peace, and War
Tip-toeing through the Tulips with Congress
The Zelensky moment
Dead Center
Ending the Korean War
Domestic turmoil and diversionary hypothesis
Too many problems at home to help you
Presidents, Public Opinion, and Diversionary Behavior
Presidential Personality
The Domestic Politics of Humanitarian Intervention
Treaty-Making and Partisan Politics
Democracy and diversionary incentives in Japan-South Korea disputes
Ending Cold War fears
Anti-war or alliance? roll-call votes of the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea on war issues (2003–2007)
Opportunities and Presidential Uses of Force
Presidential political ambition and US foreign conflict behavior, 1816–2010
State Power, Linkage Mechanisms, and Diversion against Nonrivals
Pork, parties, and priorities
Contentious Issues as Opportunities for Diversionary Behavior
Power or Posturing? Policy Availability and Congressional Influence on U.S. Presidential Decisions to Use Force
Lame‐Duck Foreign Policy
Don't Tread on Me
Some Agents are Freer than Others
When Killers Become Victims
Third‐Party State Domestic Politics and Conflict Management During Interventions into Civil Conflicts
Secret but Constrained
The Illusion of Democratic Credibility
Structural Change in U.S. Presidents' Use of Force
Preying on the Misfortune of Others
Territorial Diversion
Should I Stay or Should I Go Now? Partisanship, Approval, and the Duration of Major Power Democratic Military Interventions
Pretty Prudent” or Rhetorically Responsive
Exploring the Bargaining Model of War
Democratic Accountability and Diversionary Force
The Equifinality of War Termination
Inter Arma Silent Leges? Democracy, Domestic Terrorism, and Diversion
Does the Diversionary Use of Force Threaten the Democratic Peace? Assessing the Effect of Economic Growth on Interstate Conflict, 1921?2001
Politics or the Economy? Domestic Correlates of Dispute Involvement in Developed Democracies
Democracy and Diversionary Military Intervention
Diverting with Benevolent Military Force
Diversionary Incentives and the Bargaining Approach to War
An "Invitation to Struggle"? The Use of Force Against "Legislatively Vulnerable" American Presidents
Rally 'Round the Union Jack? Public Opinion and the Use of Force in the United Kingdom, 1948-2001
Presidents, Congress, and the Use of Force
The Benefit of the Doubt
Presidential Saber Rattling and the Economy
Dangerous Drafts? A Time-Series, Cross-National Analysis of Conscription and the Use of Military Force, 1946-2001
The International System
Political Economy in Macroeconomics
Issue Evolution
Disarmed Democracies
Partisanship, Macroeconomic Policy, and U.S. Uses of Force, 1949-1994
Man, the State, and War
Militarized Interstate Disputes, 1816–1992
The domestic‐international conflict nexus
Threats, opportunity, and force
The Prewar Business Cycle Reconsidered
Defining the National Interest
Variance Specification in Event Count Models
Agreeing to Disagree
Presidential Responses to Foreign Policy Crises
The Politics of Threat Perception and the Use of Force
The Institutional Roots of American Trade Policy
The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations
Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy
Timeless Principles or Today's Fashion? Testing the Stability of the Linkage between Ideology and Foreign Policy in the Senate
The Myth of the Diversionary Use of Force by American Presidents
The Insignificance of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing
A Linear Poisson Autoregressive Model
Domestic Discontent and the External Use of Force
The Influence of Domestic and International Politics on the President's Use of Force
The Indirect Link
Democratic Diversions
Domestic Political Vulnerability and International Disputes
Election Cycles and War
The Guns of November
Regime Type, Strategic Interaction, and the Diversionary Use of Force
Presidents and the Diversionary Use of Force
Militarized Interstate Disputes and United States Uses of Force
Presidential Decision Making and the Political Use of Military Force
Diversionary Foreign Policy in Democratic Systems
Whence American Internationalism
From Normalcy to New Deal
Sectoral conflict and foreign economic policy, 1914–1940
Politics at the Water's Edge
Dynamic Modeling for Persistent Event-Count Time Series
Presidential Uses of Force during the Cold War
Domestic Structures and the Diversionary Use of Force
Domestic Strife and the Initiation of Violence at Home and Abroad
World Policing and the Constitution
Modeling International Crises and the Political Use of Military Force by the USA
The Political Manipulation of Macroeconomic Policy
Political Parties and Macroeconomic Policy
The President and the Political Use of Force
| Unique citing works | 47 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,04 |
| Citation span | 2003 - 2026 (24) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 47 |