The Silent Victims of Sexual Violence during War
Evidence from a List Experiment in Sri Lanka
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6284017 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Richard Traunmüller (0000-0001-9487-091X, University of Mannheim, corresponding author), Sara Kijewski (0000-0001-7781-7869, Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Science, University of Berne, Bern, Switzerland), Michel Freitag (0000-0003-2428-0652, University of Bern), Markus Freitag (Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Science, University of Berne, Bern, Switzerland) |
| Year | 2019 |
| Volume | 63 |
| Issue | 9 |
| Pages | 2015-2042 |
| Publication date | 2019-10-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Conflict Resolution (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-0027 • E-ISSN: 1552-8766 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0022002719828053 |
| OpenAlex | W2916184396 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 33 |
| References cited | 45 |
Sexual violence is believed to be widespread during war. Yet empirical evidence concerning its prevalence is often limited. Victims, out of feelings of shame or fear, underreport this form of violence. We tackle this problem by administering a list experiment in a representative survey in Sri Lanka, which is only recently recovering from an ethnic civil war between Sinhalese and Tamils. This unobtrusive method reveals that around 13 percent of the Sri Lankan population has personally experienced sexual assault during the war—a prevalence ten times higher than elicited by direct questioning. We also identify vulnerable groups: Tamils who have collaborated with rebel groups and the male-displaced population suspected of collaboration with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Our experimental evidence thus lends support to reports on the asymmetric use of sexual violence by government forces, qualifies conventional wisdom on sexual violence during war, and has important implications for policy
Criminology · Ethnic conflict · Ethnic group · Feeling · Government (linguistics · Political science · Population · Sexual violence · Shame · Socioeconomics · Sociology · Spanish Civil War · Sri lanka · Tamil · Asian Geopolitics and Ethnography · Demography · Gender Studies · Law · Migration, Health and Trauma · Psychology · Social Psychology · Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques
From villages to floating islands
War, Gender, and Family Dynamics
Exposure to wartime sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Silenced Voices
Centering Human Subjects
Ambivalence and perceptions of China
Exposure to Violence as Explanatory Variable
Why Do Military Officers Condone Sexual Violence? A General Theory of Commander Tolerance
Storytelling, resilience and transitional justice
What one thinks, what one says and what one does
Re)Framing the Spectrum of Trauma(s) Experienced During the Sri-Lankan Civil War
No Safe Place
What Works for Measuring Intimate Partner Violence
War-related victimization and social distance toward others
The shadow of social desirability bias
Gendered Exposure, Gendered Response
Online Political Discussion Under Authoritarianism
Attitudes and behaviors in a fragile state. A list experiment in Mali
Gender and Violence against Political Candidates
The Two Faces of Opposition to Chemical Weapons
Wartime Sexual Violence, Social Stigmatization and Humanitarian Aid
Secessionism and Wartime Sexual Violence
Determinants of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence
Conflict-Related Sexual Violence
The gendered costs of stigma
Resilience in the context ofconflict-relatedsexual violence and beyond
Multidimensional effects of conflict-induced violence on wartime migration decisions
Nothing but the truth
Moving forward? How war experiences, interethnic attitudes, and intergroup forgiveness affect the prospects for political tolerance in postwar Sri Lanka
Repertoires of conflict-related sexual violence
The political consequences of wartime sexual violence
Representation at Risk
Is it Time to Put a Moratorium on List Experiments for Domestic Violence Elicitation
Multivariate Regression Analysis for the Item Count Technique
Sexual and gender based violence against men in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Hidden victims
Sexual violence by government security forces
Conflict-related sexual violence and the policy implications of recent research
Lost in translation
The Effects of Survey Question Wording on Rape Estimates
Sexual Violence Against Men in Armed Conflict
Sexual violence in armed conflicts
The Influence of Social Desirability Pressures on Expressed Immigration Attitudes
Uncovering Collective Rape
The Hidden Prevalence of Male Sexual Assault During War
Ethnic conflict, the state and the tsunami disaster in Sri Lanka
Building the Tamil Eelam State
Variation in Sexual Violence during War
Female Combatants and the Perpetration of Violence
"Racial Attitudes and the "New South
Social desirability bias in voter turnout reports
What Can We Learn with Statistical Truth Serum
Sensitive Questions, Truthful Answers? Modeling the List Experiment with Listit
Statistical Analysis of List Experiments
The Statistical Analysis of Misreporting on Sensitive Survey Questions
Why Do Soldiers Rape? Masculinity, Violence, and Sexuality in the Armed Forces in the Congo (DRC)
Wartime Sexual Violence in Guatemala and Peru
The Two Faces of Public Opinion
Comparing and Combining List and Endorsement Experiments
Vote Buying and Social Desirability Bias
How is rape a weapon of war? Feminist International Relations, modes of critical explanation and the study of wartime sexual violence
The Unequal Burden of War
Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War
Sexual violence against men in countries affected by armed conflict
Rethinking gender-based violence during war
Sexual Torture of Men in Croatia and Other Conflict Situations
Security Forces and Sexual Violence
Sexual violence in armed conflict
The ties that bind
The commander's dilemma
Explaining Rape during Civil War
Armed Groups and Sexual Violence
Digging in the Archives
| Unique citing works | 33 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,71 |
| Citation span | 2019 - 2026 (8) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 33 |