Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Arms Race Modeling

Causality Analysis and Model Specification

Bibliographic Data

ID6284347
AuthorsStephen J Majeski (Department of Political Science Syracuse University), David Jones (0000-0001-8784-449X, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), David L Jones (Department of Political Science University of Illinois)
Year1981
Volume25
Issue2
Pages259-288
Publication date1981-06-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Conflict Resolution (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-0027 • E-ISSN: 1552-8766
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1177/002200278102500203
OpenAlexW1991296831
LanguageEN
Citations received51
References cited21

The Richardson model has been employed frequently in the study of arm races, but seldom with empirically satisfactory results. For each of twelve pairs of arms expenditure series which are commonly proposed as arms races, we consider two potential sources for the failure of Richardson modeling efforts. First, they may not constitute arms races. Second, for those which do, the Richardson model specification may not be adequate. The methodology which enables us to explore these issues is "statistical causality analysis," as recently promulgated in time series research. Using this methodology, we find that arms expenditures are independent in a majority of the twelve cases examined. For those cases where interdependence is found, those which exhibit arms competition, the traditional Richardson model specification is not empirically supported. Finally, we provide a specific methodology for improved model specification derived from a general distributed lag model for any proposed arms race

Arms race · Causality (physics · Competition (biology · Econometrics · Economics · Operations research · Race (biology · Series (stratigraphy · Sociology · Specification · Statistics · Computer Science · Defense, Military, and Policy Studies · Economic Growth and Productivity · Mathematics · Monetary Policy and Economic Impact

  • Does women's political empowerment matter in military spending

    Open Access•Joseph Keneck‐massil, Iliassou Nkariepoun‐Njoya et al.•Kyklos•2024

  • Pouring New Wine into Fresh Wineskins

    Open Access•Kun Y Park•Journal of Peace Research•1993

  • The Impact of Oil Rents on Military Spending in the GCC Region

    Mohammad Reza Farzanegan•Journal of Arabian Studies•2018

  • Sophisticated Reaction in the U.S.-Soviet Arms Race

    John T Williams, Michael D Mcginnis•American Journal of Political…•1988

  • Modeling U.S. Budgetary and Fiscal Policy Outcomes

    Tsai-Tsu Su, Mark S Kamlet et al.•American Journal of Political…•1993

  • An Introduction To Lewis Fry Richardson and His Mathematical Theory of War and Peace

    Open Access•GLENN HESS, G D Hess•Conflict Management and Peace…•1995

  • Alliances as Contiguity in Spatial Models of Military Expenditures

    Open Access•Alejandro Quiroz Flores, Alejandro Flores•Conflict Management and Peace…•2011

  • Learning and the Evolution of Enduring International Rivalries

    Open Access•Ben D Mor, Zeev Maoz•Conflict Management and Peace…•1999

  • A Selected Bibliography of Arms Race Models and Related Subjects

    Open Access•Charles H Anderton•Conflict Management and Peace…•1985

  • Arms transfers and the onset of war part II

    William H Baugh, Michael L Squires•International Interactions•1983

  • Marginal utility, cooperation and free‐riding

    Glenn Palmer•International Interactions•1990

  • The role of expectations in arms acquisition processes

    Stephen J Majeski•International Interactions•1984

  • Capability and hostile behavior in arms race models

    Ido Oren•International Interactions•1996

  • Arms imports as an action‐reaction process

    Alex Mintz•International Interactions•1986

  • The arms race noninteraction puzzle

    Stephen J Majeski•International Interactions•1985

  • Testing for causality in the Richardson arms race model

    Open Access•De-Piao Tang, David C H Yang et al.•Mathematical Social Sciences•1988

  • The Insurance Factor? An Assessment of War Costs

    Open Access•Theresa Clair Smith•Journal of Peace Research•1985

  • U.S.-Soviet-Chinese Relations

    Open Access•Joshua S Goldstein, John R Freeman•American Political Science Review•1991

  • Rationality in International Relations

    Open Access•Catherine C Langlois, Jean-Pierre P Langlois•World Politics•1996

  • Defense Expenditures, Security Threats, and Governmental Deficits

    Open Access•Michael D Ward, A K Mahajan et al.•Journal of Conflict Resolution•1984

  • Great-Power Cooperation under Conditions of Limited Reciprocity

    Joshua S Goldstein•International Studies Quarterly•1995

  • A Cybernetic Model of the US Defense Expenditure Policymaking Process

    Robin F Marra•International Studies Quarterly•1985

  • Reciprocity in Superpower Relations

    Joshua S Goldstein•International Studies Quarterly•1991

  • Indo-Pakistani Relations

    Sheen Rajmaira•International Studies Quarterly•1997

  • Non-Military Determinants of Military Budgets

    Davis B Bobrow, Stephen R Hill•International Studies Quarterly•1991

  • A Rational Model of Regional Rivalry

    Michael D Mcginnis•International Studies Quarterly•1990

  • U.S. Defense Spending and the Soviet Estimate

    Open Access•Charles W Ostrom, Robin F Marra•American Political Science Review•1986

  • Mathematical Models of the U.S. Military Expenditure Decision-making Process

    Stephen J Majeski•American Journal of Political…•1983

  • The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Politics of Opposites

    Open Access•Miroslav Nincic•World Politics•1988

  • The Relationship between Defense Spending and Inflation

    Open Access•Harvey Starr, Francis W Hoole et al.•Journal of Conflict Resolution•1984

  • Third World Militarization

    Open Access•Robert M Rosh•Journal of Conflict Resolution•1988

  • Research on Conflict Theory

    Open Access•Michael D Intriligator•Journal of Conflict Resolution•1982

  • The Indo-Pakistani Arms Competition

    Open Access•Ido Oren•Journal of Conflict Resolution•1994

  • Richardson, Rationality, and Restrictive Models of Arms Races

    Open Access•Michael D Mcginnis•Journal of Conflict Resolution•1991

  • A Very Sharp Sword

    Open Access•Benjamin O Fordham•Journal of Conflict Resolution•2004

  • Technological Innovation, Capability Positional Shifts, and Systemic War

    Open Access•Karen Rasler, William R Thompson•Journal of Conflict Resolution•1991

  • Arms Race Modeling

    Open Access•Charles H Anderton•Journal of Conflict Resolution•1989

  • Alliance Politics and Issue Areas

    Glenn Palmer•American Journal of Political…•1990

  • Long-Memoried Processes, Unit Roots, and Causal Inference in Political Science

    John R Freeman, John Freeman et al.•American Journal of Political…•1998

  • Granger Causality and the Times Series Analysis of Political Relationships

    John R Freeman•American Journal of Political…•1983

  • Expectations and Arms Races

    Stephen J Majeski•American Journal of Political…•1985

  • Richardson Processes and Arms Transfers, 1971-1980

    Open Access•Richard W Chadwick•Journal of Peace Research•1986

  • The Greek - Turkish Conflict and Greek Military Expenditure 1960-92

    Open Access•C Kollias, Christos G Kollias•Journal of Peace Research•1996

  • Progress in the Study of International Conflict

    Open Access•Roslyn Simowitz, Roslyn L Simowitz et al.•Journal of Peace Research•1986

  • Ethnic Cleavage as a Component of Global Military Expenditures

    Open Access•Robert M Rosh•Journal of Peace Research•1987

  • A Causal Analysis of the Defense Expenditures of the USA and the USSR

    Open Access•Hector Correa, Jiwon Kim et al.•Journal of Peace Research•1992

  • Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in Greece, 1960-90

    Open Access•Nicholas Antonakis•Journal of Peace Research•1997

  • The Determinants of Arms Expenditures of Nato and the Warsaw Pact

    Open Access•J D Byers, Dominic Peel et al.•Journal of Peace Research•1989

  • Differential Paths to Parity

    Open Access•Michael D Ward•American Political Science Review•1984

  • Change and Stability in Superpower Rivalry

    Open Access•Michael D Mcginnis, John T Williams•American Political Science Review•1989

  • Words and Deeds in Soviet Foreign Policy

    Open Access•William Zimmerman, Glenn Palmer•American Political Science Review•1983

  • Time series analysis

    George E P Box, Gregory C Reinsel et al.•Time series analysis•1970

  • Applied time series analysis for the social sciences

    Richard Mccleary•Applied time series analysis for…•1980

  • Arms and insecurity

    Lewis Fry Richardson•Arms and insecurity•1978

  • Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-spectral Methods

    Clive W J Granger•Econometrica•1969

  • Arms, Alliances and Stability

    Open Access•Partha Chatterjee•Arms, Alliances and Stability•1975

  • Econometrics and Arms Races

    Open Access•Hans Rattinger•European Journal of Political…•1976

  • Economically Rational Expectations

    Edgar L Feige, Douglas K Pearce•Journal of Political Economy•1976

  • Sipri yearbook 1991

    Susan Boyde•International Affairs•1992

  • Evaluating Alternative Foreign Policy Decision-Making Models

    Open Access•Charles W Ostrom•Journal of Conflict Resolution•1977

  • Armaments, Detente, and Bureaucracy

    Open Access•Hans Rattinger•Journal of Conflict Resolution•1975

  • Arms Races and Escalation

    Open Access•Michael D Wallace•Journal of Conflict Resolution•1979

  • An Analysis of Arms Processes in the United States and the Soviet Union

    W Ladd Hollist•International Studies Quarterly•1977

  • From War to War to War

    Hans Rattinger•International Studies Quarterly•1976

  • A Theory of the Budgetary Process

    Open Access•Otto A Davis, M A H Dempster et al.•American Political Science Review•1966

Unique citing works51
Citations per year1,16
Citation span1982 - 2024 (43)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 51

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae